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Architecture Overview - Monolithic Application
This document describes the monolithic architecture, providing clear understanding of the application structure, module organization, and system design.
1. Project Structure
[Project Root]/
├── src/ # Source code
│ ├── api/ # API layer (controllers, routes)
│ ├── services/ # Business logic layer
│ ├── models/ # Data models
│ ├── repositories/ # Data access layer
│ ├── middleware/ # Request processing middleware
│ ├── utils/ # Utility functions
│ └── config/ # Configuration files
├── tests/ # Test suites
│ ├── unit/
│ ├── integration/
│ └── e2e/
├── migrations/ # Database migrations
├── public/ # Static assets (if serving frontend)
├── docs/ # Documentation
└── scripts/ # Build and deployment scripts
2. High-Level System Diagram
[User/Client]
|
v
[Load Balancer] (optional)
|
v
[Application Server]
|
+-- [API Layer]
| |
| v
+-- [Service Layer]
| |
| v
+-- [Data Access Layer]
| |
| v
+-- [Database]
|
+-- [Cache] (optional)
|
+-- [External Services]
3. Core Components
3.1. Application Server
Name: [e.g., Main Application, Web Server]
Description: Single unified application handling all business logic
Technologies: [e.g., Node.js/Express, Python/Django, Java/Spring Boot, .NET]
Deployment: [e.g., AWS EC2, Heroku, Docker container]
3.2. Layered Architecture
3.2.1. API/Controller Layer
Description: Handles HTTP requests, routing, and response formatting
Key Modules: [List main controllers/route groups]
Responsibilities: Request validation, authentication, response serialization
3.2.2. Service/Business Logic Layer
Description: Core business logic and workflows
Key Modules: [List main service classes/modules]
Responsibilities: Business rules, transaction management, orchestration
3.2.3. Data Access Layer
Description: Database interactions and data persistence
Key Modules: [List repositories/DAO classes]
Responsibilities: CRUD operations, query building, ORM management
3.3. Frontend (if integrated)
Name: [e.g., Web UI, Admin Panel]
Description: User interface served by the monolith
Technologies: [e.g., Server-side rendered with Jinja/EJS, or SPA with React/Vue]
Location: [public/ or templates/ directory]
4. Data Stores
4.1. Primary Database
Name: [e.g., Main Application Database]
Type: [PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB, etc.]
Purpose: Stores all application data
Key Schemas/Collections:
- users
- [entity names]
- [domain tables]
4.2. Cache (if used)
Name: [e.g., Redis Cache]
Type: Redis, Memcached
Purpose: Performance optimization, session storage
Cached Data: [What gets cached]
5. External Integrations / APIs
Service Name: [e.g., Payment Processor, Email Service]
Purpose: [Functionality]
Integration Method: [REST API, SDK, Webhook]
Integration Location: [Which service/module handles it]
6. Deployment & Infrastructure
Cloud Provider: [AWS, GCP, Azure, On-premise]
Hosting: [EC2, App Engine, Virtual Machine, Container]
Database Hosting: [RDS, Cloud SQL, Managed service]
CI/CD Pipeline: [GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI]
Load Balancing: [ALB, nginx, Cloud Load Balancer]
Monitoring & Logging: [CloudWatch, Application Insights, ELK]
Scaling Strategy: [Vertical scaling, horizontal with load balancer]
7. Security Considerations
Authentication: [Session-based, JWT, OAuth2]
Authorization: [RBAC implementation, middleware]
Data Encryption: [TLS/HTTPS, database encryption]
Security Practices:
- Input validation and sanitization
- SQL injection prevention (ORM/parameterized queries)
- CSRF protection
- Rate limiting
- Security headers
Secrets Management: [Environment variables, vault, cloud secrets]
8. Development & Testing Environment
Local Setup Instructions: [Steps to run locally]
Development Database: [Docker, local instance]
Testing Frameworks:
- Unit: [e.g., Jest, Pytest, JUnit]
- Integration: [e.g., Supertest, TestContainers]
- E2E: [e.g., Cypress, Selenium]
Code Quality Tools: [ESLint, Prettier, SonarQube]
Development Workflow: [Git workflow, branch strategy]
9. Future Considerations / Roadmap
- [e.g., Consider extracting high-traffic modules into separate services]
- [e.g., Implement caching layer for better performance]
- [e.g., Add background job processing with queue]
- [e.g., Evaluate migration to microservices if scaling demands increase]
10. Project Identification
Project Name: [Application Name]
Repository URL: [Git repository]
Primary Contact/Team: [Development team]
Date of Last Update: [YYYY-MM-DD]
Application Version: [Current version]
11. Glossary / Acronyms
Monolith: Single-tiered application where all components are tightly coupled
ORM: Object-Relational Mapping - translates between database and objects
Repository Pattern: Data access abstraction layer
Service Layer: Business logic layer between controllers and data access
[Add application-specific terms]