663 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
663 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# PowerPoint Design Guide for Scientific Presentations
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## Overview
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This guide provides comprehensive instructions for creating professional scientific presentations using PowerPoint, with emphasis on integration with the pptx skill for programmatic creation and best practices for scientific content.
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**CRITICAL**: Avoid dry, text-heavy presentations. Scientific slides should be:
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- **Visually engaging**: High-quality images, figures, diagrams on EVERY slide
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- **Research-backed**: Citations from research-lookup for credibility (8-15 papers minimum)
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- **Modern design**: Contemporary color palettes, not default themes
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- **Minimal text**: 3-4 bullets with 4-6 words each, visuals do the talking
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- **Professional polish**: Consistent but varied layouts, generous white space
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**Anti-Pattern Warning**: All-bullet-point slides with black text on white background = instant boredom and forgotten science.
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## Using the PPTX Skill
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### Reference
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For complete technical documentation on PowerPoint creation, refer to:
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- **Main documentation**: `document-skills/pptx/SKILL.md`
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- **HTML to PowerPoint workflow**: Detailed in `pptx/html2pptx.md`
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- **OOXML editing**: For advanced editing in `pptx/ooxml.md`
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### Two Approaches to PowerPoint Creation
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#### 1. Programmatic Creation (html2pptx)
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**Best for**: Creating presentations from scratch with custom designs and data visualizations.
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**Workflow**:
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1. Read `document-skills/pptx/SKILL.md` completely
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2. Design slides in HTML with proper dimensions (720pt × 405pt for 16:9)
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3. Create JavaScript file using `html2pptx()` function
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4. Add charts and tables using PptxGenJS API
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5. Generate thumbnails and validate visually
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6. Iterate based on visual inspection
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**Example Structure**:
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```javascript
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const pptx = new PptxGenJS();
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// Add title slide
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const slide1 = pptx.addSlide();
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slide1.addText("Your Title", {
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x: 1, y: 2, w: 8, h: 1,
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fontSize: 44, bold: true, align: "center"
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});
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// Add content slide with figure
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const slide2 = pptx.addSlide();
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slide2.addText("Results", { x: 0.5, y: 0.5, fontSize: 32 });
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slide2.addImage({ path: "figure.png", x: 1, y: 1.5, w: 8, h: 4 });
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pptx.writeFile({ fileName: "presentation.pptx" });
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```
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#### 2. Template-Based Creation
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**Best for**: Using existing PowerPoint templates or editing existing presentations.
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**Workflow**:
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1. Start with template.pptx
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2. Use `scripts/rearrange.py` to duplicate/reorder slides
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3. Use `scripts/inventory.py` to extract text
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4. Generate replacement text JSON
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5. Use `scripts/replace.py` to update content
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6. Validate with thumbnail grids
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**Key Scripts**:
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- `rearrange.py`: Duplicate and reorder slides
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- `inventory.py`: Extract all text shapes
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- `replace.py`: Apply text replacements
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- `thumbnail.py`: Visual validation
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## Design Principles for Scientific Presentations
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### 1. Layout and Structure
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**Slide Master Setup**:
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- Create consistent master slides
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- Define 4-5 layout types (title, content, figure, two-column, closing)
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- Set default fonts, colors, and spacing
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- Include placeholders for logos and footers
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**Standard Layouts**:
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**Title Slide**:
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```
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┌─────────────────────────┐
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│ │
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│ Presentation Title │
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│ Your Name │
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│ Institution │
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│ Date / Conference │
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│ │
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└─────────────────────────┘
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```
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**Content Slide**:
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```
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┌─────────────────────────┐
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│ Slide Title │
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├─────────────────────────┤
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│ • Bullet point 1 │
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│ • Bullet point 2 │
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│ • Bullet point 3 │
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│ │
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│ [Optional figure] │
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└─────────────────────────┘
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```
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**Two-Column Slide**:
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```
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┌─────────────────────────┐
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│ Slide Title │
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├───────────┬─────────────┤
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│ │ │
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│ Text │ Figure │
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│ Content │ or │
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│ │ Data │
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└───────────┴─────────────┘
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```
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**Full-Figure Slide**:
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```
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┌─────────────────────────┐
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│ Figure Title (small) │
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├─────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Large Figure or │
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│ Visualization │
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│ │
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└─────────────────────────┘
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```
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### 2. Typography
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**Font Selection**:
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- **Primary**: Sans-serif (Arial, Calibri, Helvetica)
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- **Alternative**: Verdana, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS
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- **Avoid**: Serif fonts (harder to read on screens), decorative fonts
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**Font Sizes**:
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- Title slide title: 44-54pt
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- Slide titles: 32-40pt
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- Body text: 24-28pt (minimum 18pt)
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- Captions: 16-20pt
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- Footer: 10-12pt
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**Text Formatting**:
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- **Bold**: For emphasis (use sparingly)
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- **Color**: For highlighting (consistent meaning)
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- **Size**: For hierarchy
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- **Alignment**: Left for body, center for titles
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**The 6×6 Rule**:
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- Maximum 6 bullet points per slide
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- Maximum 6 words per bullet
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- Better: 3-4 bullets with 4-8 words each
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### 3. Color Schemes
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**Selecting Colors**:
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Consider your subject matter and audience:
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- **Academic/Professional**: Navy blue, gray, white with minimal accent
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- **Biomedical**: Blue and green tones (avoid red-green combinations)
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- **Technology**: Modern colors (teal, orange, purple)
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- **Clinical**: Conservative (blue, gray, subdued greens)
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**Example Palettes**:
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**Classic Scientific**:
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- Background: White (#FFFFFF)
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- Title: Navy (#1C3D5A)
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- Text: Dark gray (#2D3748)
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- Accent: Orange (#E67E22)
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**Modern Research**:
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- Background: Light gray (#F7FAFC)
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- Title: Teal (#0A9396)
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- Text: Charcoal (#2C2C2C)
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- Accent: Coral (#EE6C4D)
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**High Contrast** (for large venues):
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- Background: White (#FFFFFF)
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- Title: Black (#000000)
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- Text: Dark gray (#1A1A1A)
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- Accent: Bright blue (#0066CC)
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**Accessibility Guidelines**:
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- Minimum contrast ratio: 4.5:1 (body text)
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- Preferred contrast ratio: 7:1 (AAA standard)
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- Avoid red-green combinations (8% of men are color-blind)
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- Use patterns or shapes in addition to color for data
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### 4. Visual Elements
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**Figures and Images**:
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- **Resolution**: Minimum 300 DPI for print, 150 DPI for projection
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- **Format**: PNG for screenshots, PDF/SVG for vector graphics
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- **Size**: Large enough to be readable from back of room
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- **Placement**: Center or use two-column layout
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**Data Visualizations**:
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- **Simplify** from journal figures (fewer panels, larger text)
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- **Font sizes**: 18-24pt for axis labels
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- **Line widths**: 2-4pt thickness
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- **Colors**: High contrast, color-blind safe
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- **Labels**: Direct labeling preferred over legends
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**Icons and Shapes**:
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- Use for visual interest and organization
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- Consistent style (all outline or all filled)
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- Size appropriately (not too large or small)
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- Limit colors (match theme)
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### 5. Animations and Transitions
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**When to Use**:
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- ✅ Progressive disclosure of bullet points
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- ✅ Building complex figures incrementally
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- ✅ Emphasizing key findings
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- ✅ Showing process steps
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**When to Avoid**:
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- ❌ Decoration or entertainment
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- ❌ Every single slide
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- ❌ Distracting effects (fly in, bounce, spin)
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**Recommended Animations**:
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- **Appear**: Clean, professional
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- **Fade**: Subtle transition
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- **Wipe**: Directional reveal
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- **Duration**: Fast (0.2-0.3 seconds)
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- **Trigger**: On click (not automatic)
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**Slide Transitions**:
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- Use consistent transition throughout (or none)
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- Recommended: None, Fade, or Push
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- Avoid: 3D rotations, complex effects
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- Duration: Very fast (0.3-0.5 seconds)
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## Creating Presentations with PPTX Skill
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### Design-First Workflow
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**Step 0: Choose Modern Color Palette Based on Topic**
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**CRITICAL**: Select colors that reflect your subject matter, not generic defaults.
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**Topic-Based Palette Examples:**
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- **Biotechnology/Life Sciences**: Teal (#0A9396), Coral (#EE6C4D), Cream (#F4F1DE)
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- **Neuroscience/Brain Research**: Deep Purple (#722880), Magenta (#D72D51), White
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- **Machine Learning/AI**: Bold Red (#E74C3C), Orange (#F39C12), Dark Gray (#2C2C2C)
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- **Physics/Engineering**: Navy (#1C3D5A), Orange (#E67E22), Light Gray (#F7FAFC)
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- **Medicine/Healthcare**: Teal (#5EA8A7), Coral (#FE4447), White (#FFFFFF)
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- **Environmental Science**: Sage (#87A96B), Terracotta (#E07A5F), Cream (#F4F1DE)
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See full palette options in pptx skill SKILL.md (lines 76-94).
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**Step 1: Plan Design System** (With Modern Palette)
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```javascript
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// Define design constants with MODERN colors (not defaults)
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const DESIGN = {
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colors: {
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primary: "0A9396", // Teal (modern, engaging)
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accent: "EE6C4D", // Coral (attention-grabbing)
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text: "2C2C2C", // Charcoal (readable)
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background: "FFFFFF" // White (clean)
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},
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fonts: {
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title: { size: 40, bold: true, face: "Arial" },
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heading: { size: 28, bold: true, face: "Arial" },
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body: { size: 24, face: "Arial" },
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caption: { size: 16, face: "Arial" }
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},
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layout: {
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margin: 0.5,
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titleY: 0.5,
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contentY: 1.5
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}
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};
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```
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**Step 2: Create Reusable Functions**
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```javascript
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function addTitleSlide(pptx, title, subtitle, author) {
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const slide = pptx.addSlide();
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slide.background = { color: DESIGN.colors.primary };
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slide.addText(title, {
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x: 1, y: 2, w: 8, h: 1,
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fontSize: 44, bold: true, color: "FFFFFF",
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align: "center"
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});
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slide.addText(subtitle, {
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x: 1, y: 3.2, w: 8, h: 0.5,
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fontSize: 24, color: "FFFFFF",
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align: "center"
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});
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slide.addText(author, {
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x: 1, y: 4, w: 8, h: 0.4,
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fontSize: 18, color: "FFFFFF",
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align: "center"
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});
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return slide;
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}
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function addContentSlide(pptx, title, bullets) {
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const slide = pptx.addSlide();
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slide.addText(title, {
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x: DESIGN.layout.margin,
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y: DESIGN.layout.titleY,
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w: 9,
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h: 0.5,
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...DESIGN.fonts.heading,
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color: DESIGN.colors.primary
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});
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slide.addText(bullets, {
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x: DESIGN.layout.margin,
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y: DESIGN.layout.contentY,
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w: 9,
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h: 3,
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...DESIGN.fonts.body,
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bullet: true
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});
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return slide;
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}
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```
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**Step 3: Build Presentation** (Visual-First Approach)
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```javascript
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const pptx = new PptxGenJS();
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pptx.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
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// Title slide with background image or color block
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const titleSlide = pptx.addSlide();
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titleSlide.background = { color: DESIGN.colors.primary }; // Bold color background
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addTitleSlide(
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pptx,
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"Research Title",
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"Subtitle or Conference Name",
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"Your Name • Institution • Date"
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);
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// Introduction with image/icon
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const introSlide = pptx.addSlide();
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introSlide.addImage({
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path: "concept_image.png", // Visual representation of concept
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x: 5, y: 1.5, w: 4, h: 3
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});
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introSlide.addText("Background", { x: 0.5, y: 0.5, fontSize: 36, bold: true });
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introSlide.addText([
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"Key context point 1 (AuthorA, 2023)",
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"Key context point 2 (AuthorB, 2022)",
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"Research gap identified (AuthorC, 2021)"
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], {
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x: 0.5, y: 1.5, w: 4, h: 2,
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fontSize: 24, bullet: true
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});
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// Results slide - FIGURE DOMINATES
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const resultsSlide = pptx.addSlide();
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resultsSlide.addText("Main Finding", { x: 0.5, y: 0.5, fontSize: 32, bold: true });
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resultsSlide.addImage({
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path: "results_figure.png", // Large, clear figure
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x: 0.5, y: 1.5, w: 9, h: 4 // Nearly full slide
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});
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// Minimal text annotation only
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resultsSlide.addText("34% improvement (p < 0.001)", {
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x: 7, y: 1, fontSize: 20, color: DESIGN.colors.accent, bold: true
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});
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// Save
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pptx.writeFile({ fileName: "presentation.pptx" });
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```
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**Key Changes from Dry Presentations:**
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- Title slide uses bold background color (not plain white)
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- Introduction includes relevant image (not just bullets)
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- Results slide is figure-dominated (not text-dominated)
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- Citations included in bullets for research context
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- Text is minimal and supporting, visuals are primary
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### Adding Scientific Content
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**Equations** (as images):
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```javascript
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// Render equation as PNG first (using LaTeX or online tool)
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// Then add to slide
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slide.addImage({
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path: "equation.png",
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x: 2, y: 3, w: 6, h: 1
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});
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```
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**Tables**:
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```javascript
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slide.addTable([
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[
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{ text: "Method", options: { bold: true } },
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{ text: "Accuracy", options: { bold: true } },
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{ text: "Time (s)", options: { bold: true } }
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],
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["Method A", "0.85", "10"],
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["Method B", "0.92", "25"],
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["Method C", "0.88", "15"]
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], {
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x: 2, y: 2, w: 6,
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fontSize: 20,
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border: { pt: 1, color: "888888" },
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fill: { color: "F5F5F5" }
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});
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```
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**Charts**:
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```javascript
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// Bar chart
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slide.addChart(pptx.ChartType.bar, [
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{
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name: "Control",
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labels: ["Metric 1", "Metric 2", "Metric 3"],
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values: [45, 67, 82]
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},
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{
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name: "Treatment",
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labels: ["Metric 1", "Metric 2", "Metric 3"],
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values: [52, 78, 91]
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}
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], {
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x: 1, y: 1.5, w: 8, h: 4,
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chartColors: [DESIGN.colors.primary, DESIGN.colors.accent],
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showTitle: false,
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showLegend: true,
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fontSize: 18
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});
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```
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## Visual Validation Workflow
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### Generate Thumbnails
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After creating presentation:
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```bash
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# Create thumbnail grid for quick review
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python scripts/thumbnail.py presentation.pptx review/thumbnails --cols 4
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# Or for individual slides
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python scripts/thumbnail.py presentation.pptx review/slide
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```
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### Inspection Checklist
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For each slide, check:
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- [ ] Text readable (not cut off or too small)
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- [ ] No element overlap
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- [ ] Consistent colors and fonts
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- [ ] Adequate white space
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- [ ] Figures clear and properly sized
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- [ ] Alignment correct
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### Common Issues
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**Text Overflow**:
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- Reduce font size or text length
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- Increase text box size
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- Split into multiple slides
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**Element Overlap**:
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- Use two-column layout
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- Reduce element sizes
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- Adjust positioning
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**Poor Contrast**:
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- Choose higher contrast colors
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- Use dark text on light background
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- Test with contrast checker
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## Templates and Examples
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### Starting from Template
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If you have an existing template:
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1. **Extract template structure**:
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```bash
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python scripts/inventory.py template.pptx inventory.json
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```
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2. **Create thumbnail grid**:
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```bash
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python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx template_review
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```
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3. **Analyze layouts** and document which slides to use
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4. **Rearrange slides**:
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```bash
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python scripts/rearrange.py template.pptx working.pptx 0,5,5,12,18,22
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```
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5. **Replace content**:
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```bash
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python scripts/replace.py working.pptx replacements.json output.pptx
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```
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## Best Practices Summary
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### Do's (Make Presentations Engaging)
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- ✅ Use research-lookup to find 8-15 papers for citations
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- ✅ Add HIGH-QUALITY visuals to EVERY slide (figures, images, diagrams, icons)
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- ✅ Choose MODERN color palette reflecting your topic (not defaults)
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- ✅ Keep text MINIMAL (3-4 bullets, 4-6 words each)
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- ✅ Use LARGE fonts (24-28pt body, 36-44pt titles)
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- ✅ Vary slide layouts (full-figure, two-column, visual overlays)
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- ✅ Maintain high contrast (7:1 preferred)
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- ✅ Generous white space (40-50% of slide)
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- ✅ Cite papers in intro and discussion (establish credibility)
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- ✅ Test readability from distance
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- ✅ Validate visually before presenting
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### Don'ts (Avoid Dry Presentations)
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- ❌ Don't create text-only slides (add visuals to EVERY slide)
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- ❌ Don't use default themes unchanged (customize for your topic)
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- ❌ Don't have all bullet-point slides (vary layouts)
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- ❌ Don't skip research-lookup (presentations need citations too)
|
||
- ❌ Don't cram too much text on one slide
|
||
- ❌ Don't use tiny fonts (<24pt for body)
|
||
- ❌ Don't rely solely on color
|
||
- ❌ Don't use complex animations
|
||
- ❌ Don't mix too many font styles
|
||
- ❌ Don't ignore accessibility
|
||
- ❌ Don't skip visual validation
|
||
|
||
## Accessibility Considerations
|
||
|
||
**Color Contrast**:
|
||
- Use WebAIM contrast checker
|
||
- Minimum 4.5:1 for normal text
|
||
- Preferred 7:1 for optimal readability
|
||
|
||
**Color Blindness**:
|
||
- Test with Coblis simulator
|
||
- Use patterns/shapes with colors
|
||
- Avoid red-green combinations
|
||
|
||
**Readability**:
|
||
- Sans-serif fonts only
|
||
- Minimum 18pt, prefer 24pt+
|
||
- Clear visual hierarchy
|
||
- Adequate spacing
|
||
|
||
## Integration with Other Skills
|
||
|
||
**With Scientific Writing**:
|
||
- Convert paper content to slides
|
||
- Simplify dense text
|
||
- Extract key findings
|
||
- Create visual abstracts
|
||
|
||
**With Data Visualization**:
|
||
- Simplify journal figures
|
||
- Recreate with larger labels
|
||
- Use progressive disclosure
|
||
- Emphasize key results
|
||
|
||
**With Research Lookup**:
|
||
- Find relevant papers
|
||
- Extract key citations
|
||
- Build background context
|
||
- Support claims with evidence
|
||
|
||
## Resources
|
||
|
||
**PowerPoint Tutorials**:
|
||
- Microsoft PowerPoint documentation
|
||
- PowerPoint design templates
|
||
- Scientific presentation examples
|
||
|
||
**Design Tools**:
|
||
- Color palette generators (Coolors.co)
|
||
- Contrast checkers (WebAIM)
|
||
- Icon libraries (Noun Project)
|
||
- Image editing (PowerPoint built-in, external tools)
|
||
|
||
**PPTX Skill Documentation**:
|
||
- `document-skills/pptx/SKILL.md`: Main documentation
|
||
- `document-skills/pptx/html2pptx.md`: HTML to PPTX workflow
|
||
- `document-skills/pptx/ooxml.md`: Advanced editing
|
||
- `document-skills/pptx/scripts/`: Utility scripts
|
||
|
||
## Quick Reference
|
||
|
||
### Common Slide Dimensions
|
||
|
||
- **16:9 aspect ratio**: 10" × 5.625" (720pt × 405pt)
|
||
- **4:3 aspect ratio**: 10" × 7.5" (720pt × 540pt)
|
||
|
||
### Measurement Units
|
||
|
||
- PowerPoint uses inches
|
||
- 72 points = 1 inch
|
||
- Position (x, y) from top-left corner
|
||
- Size (w, h) for width and height
|
||
|
||
### Font Size Guidelines
|
||
|
||
| Element | Minimum | Recommended |
|
||
|---------|---------|-------------|
|
||
| Title slide | 40pt | 44-54pt |
|
||
| Slide title | 28pt | 32-40pt |
|
||
| Body text | 18pt | 24-28pt |
|
||
| Caption | 14pt | 16-20pt |
|
||
| Footer | 10pt | 10-12pt |
|
||
|
||
### Color Usage
|
||
|
||
- **Backgrounds**: White or very light colors
|
||
- **Text**: Dark (black/dark gray) on light, or white on dark
|
||
- **Accents**: One or two accent colors max
|
||
- **Data**: Color-blind safe palettes (blue/orange)
|
||
|
||
## Troubleshooting
|
||
|
||
**Problem**: Text appears cut off
|
||
- **Solution**: Increase text box size or reduce font size
|
||
|
||
**Problem**: Figures are blurry
|
||
- **Solution**: Use higher resolution images (300 DPI)
|
||
|
||
**Problem**: Colors look different when projected
|
||
- **Solution**: Test with projector beforehand, use high contrast
|
||
|
||
**Problem**: File size too large
|
||
- **Solution**: Compress images, reduce image resolution
|
||
|
||
**Problem**: Animations not working
|
||
- **Solution**: Check PowerPoint version compatibility
|
||
|
||
## Conclusion
|
||
|
||
Effective PowerPoint presentations for science require:
|
||
1. Clear, simple design
|
||
2. Readable text (24pt+ body)
|
||
3. High-quality figures
|
||
4. Consistent formatting
|
||
5. Visual validation
|
||
6. Accessibility considerations
|
||
|
||
Use the pptx skill for programmatic creation and the visual review workflow to ensure professional quality before presenting.
|
||
|