1020 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
1020 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# LaTeX Beamer Guide for Scientific Presentations
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## Overview
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Beamer is a LaTeX document class for creating presentations with professional, consistent formatting. It's particularly well-suited for scientific presentations containing equations, code, algorithms, and citations. This guide covers Beamer basics, themes, customization, and advanced features for effective scientific talks.
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## Why Use Beamer?
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### Advantages
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**Professional Quality**:
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- Consistent, polished appearance
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- Beautiful typography (especially for math)
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- Publication-quality output
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- Professional themes and templates
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**Scientific Content**:
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- Native equation support (LaTeX math)
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- Code listings with syntax highlighting
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- Algorithm environments
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- Bibliography integration
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- Cross-referencing
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**Reproducibility**:
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- Plain text source (version control friendly)
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- Programmatic figure generation
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- Consistent styling across presentations
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- Easy to maintain and update
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**Efficiency**:
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- Reuse content across presentations
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- Template once, use forever
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- Automated elements (page numbers, navigation)
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- No manual formatting
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### Disadvantages
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**Learning Curve**:
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- Requires LaTeX knowledge
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- Compilation time
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- Debugging can be challenging
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- Less WYSIWYG than PowerPoint
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**Flexibility**:
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- Complex custom layouts require effort
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- Image editing requires external tools
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- Some design elements easier in PowerPoint
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- Animations more limited
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**Collaboration**:
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- Not ideal for non-LaTeX users
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- Version conflicts possible
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- Requires LaTeX installation
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## Basic Beamer Document Structure
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### Minimal Example
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```latex
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\documentclass{beamer}
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% Theme
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\usetheme{Madrid}
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\usecolortheme{beaver}
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% Title information
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\title{Your Presentation Title}
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\subtitle{Optional Subtitle}
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\author{Your Name}
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\institute{Your Institution}
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\date{\today}
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\begin{document}
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% Title slide
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\begin{frame}
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\titlepage
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\end{frame}
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% Content slide
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\begin{frame}{Slide Title}
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Content goes here
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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```
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### Essential Packages
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```latex
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\documentclass{beamer}
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% Encoding and fonts
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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% Graphics
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\graphicspath{{./figures/}}
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% Math
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\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsthm}
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% Tables
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\usepackage{booktabs}
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\usepackage{multirow}
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% Colors
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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% Algorithms
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\usepackage{algorithm}
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\usepackage{algorithmic}
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% Code listings
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\usepackage{listings}
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% Citations
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\usepackage[style=authoryear,backend=biber]{biblatex}
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\addbibresource{references.bib}
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```
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### Frame Basics
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```latex
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% Basic frame
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\begin{frame}{Title}
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Content
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\end{frame}
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% Frame with subtitle
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\begin{frame}{Title}{Subtitle}
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Content
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\end{frame}
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% Frame without title
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\begin{frame}
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Content
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\end{frame}
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% Fragile frame (for verbatim/code)
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\begin{frame}[fragile]{Code Example}
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\begin{verbatim}
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def hello():
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print("Hello")
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\end{verbatim}
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\end{frame}
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% Plain frame (no header/footer)
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\begin{frame}[plain]
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Full slide content
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\end{frame}
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```
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## Themes and Appearance
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### Presentation Themes
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Beamer includes many built-in themes controlling overall layout:
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**Classic Themes**:
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```latex
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\usetheme{Berlin} % Sections in header
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\usetheme{Copenhagen} % Minimal, clean
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\usetheme{Madrid} % Professional, rounded
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\usetheme{Boadilla} % Simple footer
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\usetheme{AnnArbor} % Vertical navigation
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```
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**Modern Themes**:
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```latex
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\usetheme{CambridgeUS} % Blue theme
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\usetheme{Singapore} % Minimalist
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\usetheme{Rochester} % Very minimal
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\usetheme{Antibes} % Tree navigation
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```
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**Popular for Science**:
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```latex
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% Clean and minimal
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\usetheme{default}
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\usetheme{Copenhagen}
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% Professional with navigation
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\usetheme{Madrid}
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\usetheme{Berlin}
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% Traditional academic
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\usetheme{Pittsburgh}
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\usetheme{Boadilla}
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```
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### Color Themes
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```latex
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% Blue themes
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\usecolortheme{default} % Blue
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\usecolortheme{dolphin} % Cyan-blue
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\usecolortheme{seagull} % Grayscale
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% Warm themes
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\usecolortheme{beaver} % Red/brown
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\usecolortheme{rose} % Pink/red
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% Nature themes
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\usecolortheme{orchid} % Purple
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\usecolortheme{crane} % Orange/yellow
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% Professional
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\usecolortheme{albatross} % Gray/blue
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```
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### Font Themes
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```latex
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\usefonttheme{default} % Standard
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\usefonttheme{serif} % Serif fonts
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\usefonttheme{structurebold} % Bold structure
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\usefonttheme{structureitalicserif} % Italic serif
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\usefonttheme{professionalfonts} % Professional fonts
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```
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### Custom Colors
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```latex
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% Define custom colors
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\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{0,115,178}
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\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{214,40,40}
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% Apply to theme elements
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\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=myblue}
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\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=myred}
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\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=myblue,bg=white}
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\setbeamercolor{block title}{fg=white,bg=myblue}
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```
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### Minimal Custom Theme
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```latex
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% Remove navigation symbols
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\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
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% Page numbers
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\setbeamertemplate{footline}[frame number]
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% Simple itemize
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\setbeamertemplate{itemize items}[circle]
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% Clean blocks
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\setbeamertemplate{blocks}[rounded][shadow=false]
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% Colors
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\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=blue!70!black}
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\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=black}
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\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=blue!70!black}
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```
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## Content Elements
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### Lists
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**Itemize**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Bullet Points}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item First point
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\item Second point
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Nested point
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\end{itemize}
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\item Third point
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Enumerate**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Numbered List}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item First item
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\item Second item
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\item Third item
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Description**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Definitions}
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\begin{description}
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\item[Term 1] Definition of term 1
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\item[Term 2] Definition of term 2
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\end{description}
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Columns
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Two Column Layout}
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\begin{columns}
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% Left column
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\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Point 1
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\item Point 2
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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% Right column
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\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figure.png}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Three Column Layout**:
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```latex
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\begin{columns}[T] % Align at top
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\begin{column}{0.32\textwidth}
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Content A
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{0.32\textwidth}
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Content B
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{0.32\textwidth}
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Content C
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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```
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### Figures
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Figure Example}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{figure.pdf}
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\caption{Figure caption text}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Side-by-Side Figures**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Comparison}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig1.pdf}
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\caption{Condition A}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig2.pdf}
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\caption{Condition B}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Subfigures**:
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```latex
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\usepackage{subcaption}
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\begin{frame}{Multiple Panels}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig1.pdf}
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\caption{Panel A}
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\end{subfigure}
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\hfill
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\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig2.pdf}
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\caption{Panel B}
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\end{subfigure}
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\caption{Overall figure caption}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Tables
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Table Example}
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\begin{table}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{lcc}
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\toprule
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Method & Accuracy & Time \\
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\midrule
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Method A & 0.85 & 10s \\
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Method B & 0.92 & 25s \\
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Method C & 0.88 & 15s \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{Performance comparison}
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\end{table}
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Blocks
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**Standard Blocks**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Block Examples}
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% Standard block
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\begin{block}{Block Title}
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Block content goes here
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\end{block}
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% Alert block (red)
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\begin{alertblock}{Important}
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Warning or important information
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\end{alertblock}
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% Example block (green)
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\begin{exampleblock}{Example}
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Example content
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\end{exampleblock}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Theorem Environments**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Mathematical Results}
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\begin{theorem}
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Statement of theorem
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\end{theorem}
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\begin{proof}
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Proof goes here
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\end{proof}
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\begin{definition}
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Definition text
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\end{definition}
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\begin{lemma}
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Lemma statement
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\end{lemma}
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\end{frame}
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```
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## Overlays and Animations
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### Progressive Disclosure with \pause
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Revealing Content}
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First point appears immediately
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\pause
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Second point appears on click
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\pause
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Third point appears on another click
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Overlay Specifications
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**Itemize with Overlays**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Sequential Bullets}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item<1-> Appears on slide 1 and stays
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\item<2-> Appears on slide 2 and stays
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\item<3-> Appears on slide 3 and stays
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Alternative Syntax**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Sequential Bullets}
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\begin{itemize}[<+->] % Automatically sequential
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\item First point
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\item Second point
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\item Third point
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Highlighting with Overlays
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**Alert on Specific Slides**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Highlighting}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Normal text
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\item<2-| alert@2> Text highlighted on slide 2
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\item Normal text
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Temporary Appearance**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Appearing and Disappearing}
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Appears on all slides
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\only<2>{Only visible on slide 2}
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\uncover<3->{Appears on slide 3 and stays}
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\visible<4->{Also appears on slide 4, but reserves space}
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Building Complex Figures
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Building a Figure}
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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% Base elements (always visible)
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\draw (0,0) rectangle (4,3);
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% Add on slide 2+
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\draw<2-> (1,1) circle (0.5);
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% Add on slide 3+
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\draw<3->[->, thick] (2,1.5) -- (3,2);
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% Highlight on slide 4
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\node<4>[red,thick] at (2,1.5) {Result};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{frame}
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```
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## Mathematical Content
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### Equations
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**Inline Math**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Inline Math}
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The equation $E = mc^2$ is famous.
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We can also write $\alpha + \beta = \gamma$.
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Display Math**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Display Equations}
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Single equation:
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\begin{equation}
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f(x) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} dx = \sqrt{\pi}
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\end{equation}
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Multiple equations:
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\begin{align}
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E &= mc^2 \\
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F &= ma \\
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V &= IR
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\end{align}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Equation Arrays**:
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Equation System}
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\begin{equation}
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\begin{cases}
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\dot{x} = f(x,y) \\
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\dot{y} = g(x,y)
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\end{cases}
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\end{equation}
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Matrices
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Matrix Example}
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\begin{equation}
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A = \begin{bmatrix}
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a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\
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a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\
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a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
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\end{bmatrix}
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\end{equation}
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\end{frame}
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```
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## Code and Algorithms
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### Code Listings
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```latex
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\begin{frame}[fragile]{Python Code}
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\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
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def fibonacci(n):
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if n <= 1:
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return n
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return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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```
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**Custom Code Styling**:
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```latex
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\lstset{
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language=Python,
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basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,
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keywordstyle=\color{blue},
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commentstyle=\color{green!60!black},
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stringstyle=\color{orange},
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numbers=left,
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numberstyle=\tiny,
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frame=single,
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breaklines=true
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}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]{Styled Code}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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# This is a comment
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def hello(name):
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"""Greet someone"""
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print(f"Hello, {name}")
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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```
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### Algorithms
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```latex
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\begin{frame}{Algorithm Example}
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\begin{algorithm}[H]
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\caption{Quicksort}
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\begin{algorithmic}[1]
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\REQUIRE Array $A$, indices $low$, $high$
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\ENSURE Sorted array
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\IF{$low < high$}
|
|
\STATE $pivot \gets partition(A, low, high)$
|
|
\STATE $quicksort(A, low, pivot-1)$
|
|
\STATE $quicksort(A, pivot+1, high)$
|
|
\ENDIF
|
|
\end{algorithmic}
|
|
\end{algorithm}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Citations and Bibliography
|
|
|
|
### Inline Citations
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\begin{frame}{Background}
|
|
Previous work \cite{smith2020} showed that...
|
|
|
|
Multiple studies \cite{jones2019,brown2021} have found...
|
|
|
|
According to \textcite{davis2022}, the method works by...
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Bibliography Slide
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
% At end of presentation
|
|
\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{References}
|
|
\printbibliography
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Custom Bibliography Style
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
% In preamble
|
|
\usepackage[style=authoryear,maxbibnames=2,maxcitenames=2]{biblatex}
|
|
\addbibresource{references.bib}
|
|
|
|
% Smaller font for references
|
|
\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\scriptsize}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Advanced Features
|
|
|
|
### Section Organization
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\section{Introduction}
|
|
\begin{frame}{Introduction}
|
|
Content
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\section{Methods}
|
|
\begin{frame}{Methods}
|
|
Content
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
% Automatic outline
|
|
\begin{frame}{Outline}
|
|
\tableofcontents
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
% Outline at each section
|
|
\AtBeginSection{
|
|
\begin{frame}{Outline}
|
|
\tableofcontents[currentsection]
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Backup Slides
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
% Main presentation ends
|
|
\begin{frame}{Thank You}
|
|
Questions?
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
% Backup slides (not counted in numbering)
|
|
\appendix
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{Extra Data}
|
|
Additional analysis for questions
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{Detailed Methods}
|
|
More methodological details
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Hyperlinks
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
% Define labels
|
|
\begin{frame}{Main Result}
|
|
\label{mainresult}
|
|
This is the main finding.
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
% Link to labeled frame
|
|
\begin{frame}{Reference}
|
|
As shown in the \hyperlink{mainresult}{main result}...
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
% External links
|
|
\begin{frame}{Resources}
|
|
Visit \url{https://example.com} for more information.
|
|
|
|
\href{https://github.com/user/repo}{GitHub Repository}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### QR Codes
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\usepackage{qrcode}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{Scan for Paper}
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\qrcode[height=3cm]{https://doi.org/10.1234/paper}
|
|
|
|
\vspace{0.5cm}
|
|
Scan for full paper
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Multimedia
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\usepackage{multimedia}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{Video}
|
|
\movie[width=8cm,height=6cm]{Click to play}{video.mp4}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Note**: Multimedia support varies by PDF viewer.
|
|
|
|
## TikZ Graphics
|
|
|
|
### Basic Shapes
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\usepackage{tikz}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{TikZ Example}
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
% Rectangle
|
|
\draw (0,0) rectangle (2,1);
|
|
|
|
% Circle
|
|
\draw (3,0.5) circle (0.5);
|
|
|
|
% Line with arrow
|
|
\draw[->, thick] (0,0) -- (3,2);
|
|
|
|
% Node with text
|
|
\node at (1.5,2) {Label};
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Flowcharts
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{Workflow}
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2cm]
|
|
\node[rectangle,draw] (start) {Start};
|
|
\node[rectangle,draw,right=of start] (process) {Process};
|
|
\node[rectangle,draw,right=of process] (end) {End};
|
|
|
|
\draw[->,thick] (start) -- (process);
|
|
\draw[->,thick] (process) -- (end);
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Plots
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\usepackage{pgfplots}
|
|
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{Data Plot}
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
\begin{axis}[
|
|
xlabel={$x$},
|
|
ylabel={$y$},
|
|
width=8cm,
|
|
height=6cm
|
|
]
|
|
\addplot[blue,thick] coordinates {
|
|
(0,0) (1,1) (2,4) (3,9)
|
|
};
|
|
\addplot[red,dashed] {x};
|
|
\end{axis}
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Compilation
|
|
|
|
### Basic Compilation
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Standard compilation
|
|
pdflatex presentation.tex
|
|
|
|
# With bibliography
|
|
pdflatex presentation.tex
|
|
biber presentation
|
|
pdflatex presentation.tex
|
|
pdflatex presentation.tex
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Modern Compilation (Recommended)
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Using latexmk (automated)
|
|
latexmk -pdf presentation.tex
|
|
|
|
# With continuous preview
|
|
latexmk -pdf -pvc presentation.tex
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Compilation Options
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Faster compilation (draft mode)
|
|
pdflatex -draftmode presentation.tex
|
|
|
|
# Specific engine
|
|
lualatex presentation.tex # Better Unicode support
|
|
xelatex presentation.tex # System fonts
|
|
|
|
# Output directory
|
|
pdflatex -output-directory=build presentation.tex
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Handouts and Notes
|
|
|
|
### Creating Handouts
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
% In preamble
|
|
\documentclass[handout]{beamer}
|
|
|
|
% This removes overlays and creates one frame per slide
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Speaker Notes
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\usepackage{pgfpages}
|
|
\setbeameroption{show notes on second screen=right}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}{Slide Title}
|
|
Slide content visible to audience
|
|
|
|
\note{
|
|
These notes are visible only to speaker:
|
|
- Remember to emphasize X
|
|
- Mention collaboration with Y
|
|
- Expect question about Z
|
|
}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Handout with Notes
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
\documentclass[handout]{beamer}
|
|
\usepackage{pgfpages}
|
|
\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Best Practices
|
|
|
|
### Do's
|
|
|
|
- ✅ Use consistent theme throughout
|
|
- ✅ Keep equations simple and large
|
|
- ✅ Use progressive disclosure (\pause, overlays)
|
|
- ✅ Include frame numbers
|
|
- ✅ Use vector graphics (PDF) for figures
|
|
- ✅ Test compilation early and often
|
|
- ✅ Use meaningful section names
|
|
- ✅ Keep backup slides in appendix
|
|
|
|
### Don'ts
|
|
|
|
- ❌ Don't use too many different fonts or colors
|
|
- ❌ Don't fill slides with dense text
|
|
- ❌ Don't use tiny font sizes
|
|
- ❌ Don't include complex animations (limited support)
|
|
- ❌ Don't forget fragile frames for code
|
|
- ❌ Don't mix themes inconsistently
|
|
- ❌ Don't ignore compilation warnings
|
|
|
|
## Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
### Common Issues
|
|
|
|
**Missing Fragile**:
|
|
```
|
|
Error: Verbatim environment in frame
|
|
Solution: Add [fragile] option to frame
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Package Conflicts**:
|
|
```
|
|
Error: Option clash for package X
|
|
Solution: Load package in preamble only once
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Image Not Found**:
|
|
```
|
|
Error: File `figure.pdf' not found
|
|
Solution: Check path, use \graphicspath, ensure file exists
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Overlay Issues**:
|
|
```
|
|
Problem: Overlays not working as expected
|
|
Solution: Check syntax <n-> vs <n-m>, test incremental builds
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Debugging Tips
|
|
|
|
```latex
|
|
% Show frame labels
|
|
\usepackage[notref,notcite]{showkeys}
|
|
|
|
% Draft mode (faster, shows boxes)
|
|
\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
|
|
|
|
% Verbose error messages
|
|
\errorcontextlines=999
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Templates and Examples
|
|
|
|
### Minimal Working Example
|
|
|
|
See `assets/beamer_template_conference.tex` for a complete, customizable template for conference talks.
|
|
|
|
### Resources
|
|
|
|
- Beamer User Guide: `texdoc beamer`
|
|
- Theme Gallery: https://deic.uab.cat/~iblanes/beamer_gallery/
|
|
- TikZ Examples: https://texample.net/tikz/
|
|
|
|
## Summary
|
|
|
|
Beamer excels at:
|
|
- Mathematical content
|
|
- Consistent professional formatting
|
|
- Reproducible presentations
|
|
- Version control
|
|
- Citations and cross-references
|
|
|
|
Choose Beamer when:
|
|
- Presentation contains significant math/equations
|
|
- You value version control and plain text
|
|
- Consistent styling is priority
|
|
- You're comfortable with LaTeX
|
|
|
|
Consider PowerPoint when:
|
|
- Extensive custom graphics needed
|
|
- Collaborating with non-LaTeX users
|
|
- Complex animations required
|
|
- Rapid prototyping needed
|