659 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
659 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: openai-agents
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description: |
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Build AI applications with OpenAI Agents SDK - text agents, voice agents (realtime), multi-agent workflows with handoffs, tools with Zod schemas, input/output guardrails, structured outputs, and streaming. Deploy to Cloudflare Workers, Next.js, or React with human-in-the-loop patterns.
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Use when: building text-based agents with tools and Zod schemas, creating realtime voice agents with WebRTC/WebSocket, implementing multi-agent workflows with handoffs between specialists, setting up input/output guardrails for safety, requiring human approval for critical actions, streaming agent responses, deploying agents to Cloudflare Workers or Next.js, or troubleshooting Zod schema type errors, MCP tracing failures, infinite loops (MaxTurnsExceededError), tool call failures, schema mismatches, or voice agent handoff constraints.
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license: MIT
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metadata:
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packages:
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- "@openai/agents@0.2.1"
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- "@openai/agents-realtime@0.2.1"
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- "zod@^3.24.1"
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frameworks: ["Cloudflare Workers", "Next.js", "React", "Node.js", "Hono"]
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last_verified: "2025-10-26"
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production_tested: true
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token_savings: "~60%"
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errors_prevented: 9
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---
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# OpenAI Agents SDK Skill
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Complete skill for building AI applications with OpenAI Agents SDK (JavaScript/TypeScript), covering text agents, realtime voice agents, multi-agent workflows, and production deployment patterns.
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---
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## Installation & Setup
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Install required packages:
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```bash
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npm install @openai/agents zod@3
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npm install @openai/agents-realtime # For voice agents
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```
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Set environment variable:
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```bash
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export OPENAI_API_KEY="your-api-key"
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```
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Supported runtimes:
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- Node.js 22+
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- Deno
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- Bun
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- Cloudflare Workers (experimental)
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---
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## Core Concepts
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### 1. Agents
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LLMs equipped with instructions and tools:
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```typescript
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import { Agent } from '@openai/agents';
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const agent = new Agent({
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name: 'Assistant',
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instructions: 'You are helpful.',
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tools: [myTool],
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model: 'gpt-4o-mini',
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});
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```
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### 2. Tools
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Functions agents can call, with automatic schema generation:
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```typescript
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import { tool } from '@openai/agents';
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import { z } from 'zod';
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const weatherTool = tool({
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name: 'get_weather',
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description: 'Get weather for a city',
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parameters: z.object({
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city: z.string(),
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}),
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execute: async ({ city }) => {
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return `Weather in ${city}: sunny`;
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},
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});
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```
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### 3. Handoffs
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Multi-agent delegation:
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```typescript
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const specialist = new Agent({ /* ... */ });
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const triageAgent = Agent.create({
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name: 'Triage',
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instructions: 'Route to specialists',
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handoffs: [specialist],
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});
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```
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### 4. Guardrails
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Input/output validation for safety:
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```typescript
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const agent = new Agent({
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inputGuardrails: [homeworkDetector],
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outputGuardrails: [piiFilter],
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});
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```
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### 5. Structured Outputs
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Type-safe responses with Zod:
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```typescript
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const agent = new Agent({
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outputType: z.object({
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sentiment: z.enum(['positive', 'negative', 'neutral']),
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confidence: z.number(),
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}),
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});
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```
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---
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## Text Agents
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### Basic Usage
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```typescript
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import { run } from '@openai/agents';
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const result = await run(agent, 'What is 2+2?');
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console.log(result.finalOutput);
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console.log(result.usage.totalTokens);
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```
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### Streaming
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```typescript
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const stream = await run(agent, 'Tell me a story', {
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stream: true,
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});
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for await (const event of stream) {
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if (event.type === 'raw_model_stream_event') {
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const chunk = event.data?.choices?.[0]?.delta?.content || '';
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process.stdout.write(chunk);
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}
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}
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```
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**Templates**:
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- `templates/text-agents/agent-basic.ts`
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- `templates/text-agents/agent-streaming.ts`
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---
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## Multi-Agent Handoffs
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Create specialized agents and route between them:
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```typescript
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const billingAgent = new Agent({
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name: 'Billing',
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handoffDescription: 'For billing and payment questions',
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tools: [processRefundTool],
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});
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const techAgent = new Agent({
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name: 'Technical',
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handoffDescription: 'For technical issues',
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tools: [createTicketTool],
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});
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const triageAgent = Agent.create({
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name: 'Triage',
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instructions: 'Route customers to the right specialist',
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handoffs: [billingAgent, techAgent],
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});
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```
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**Templates**:
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- `templates/text-agents/agent-handoffs.ts`
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**References**:
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- `references/agent-patterns.md` - LLM vs code orchestration
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---
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## Guardrails
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### Input Guardrails
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Validate input before processing:
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```typescript
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const homeworkGuardrail: InputGuardrail = {
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name: 'Homework Detection',
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execute: async ({ input, context }) => {
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const result = await run(guardrailAgent, input);
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return {
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tripwireTriggered: result.finalOutput.isHomework,
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outputInfo: result.finalOutput,
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};
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},
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};
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const agent = new Agent({
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inputGuardrails: [homeworkGuardrail],
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});
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```
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### Output Guardrails
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Filter responses:
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```typescript
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const piiGuardrail: OutputGuardrail = {
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name: 'PII Detection',
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execute: async ({ agentOutput }) => {
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const phoneRegex = /\b\d{3}[-. ]?\d{3}[-. ]?\d{4}\b/;
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return {
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tripwireTriggered: phoneRegex.test(agentOutput as string),
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outputInfo: { detected: 'phone_number' },
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};
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},
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};
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```
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**Templates**:
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- `templates/text-agents/agent-guardrails-input.ts`
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- `templates/text-agents/agent-guardrails-output.ts`
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---
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## Human-in-the-Loop
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Require approval for specific actions:
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```typescript
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const refundTool = tool({
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name: 'process_refund',
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requiresApproval: true, // ← Requires human approval
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execute: async ({ amount }) => {
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return `Refunded $${amount}`;
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},
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});
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// Handle approval requests
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let result = await runner.run(input);
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while (result.interruption) {
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if (result.interruption.type === 'tool_approval') {
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const approved = await promptUser(result.interruption);
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result = approved
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? await result.state.approve(result.interruption)
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: await result.state.reject(result.interruption);
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}
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}
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```
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**Templates**:
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- `templates/text-agents/agent-human-approval.ts`
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---
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## Realtime Voice Agents
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### Creating Voice Agents
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```typescript
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import { RealtimeAgent, tool } from '@openai/agents-realtime';
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const voiceAgent = new RealtimeAgent({
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name: 'Voice Assistant',
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instructions: 'Keep responses concise for voice',
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tools: [weatherTool],
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voice: 'alloy', // alloy, echo, fable, onyx, nova, shimmer
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model: 'gpt-4o-realtime-preview',
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});
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```
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### Browser Session (React)
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```typescript
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import { RealtimeSession } from '@openai/agents-realtime';
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const session = new RealtimeSession(voiceAgent, {
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apiKey: sessionApiKey, // From your backend!
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transport: 'webrtc', // or 'websocket'
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});
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session.on('connected', () => console.log('Connected'));
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session.on('audio.transcription.completed', (e) => console.log('User:', e.transcript));
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session.on('agent.audio.done', (e) => console.log('Agent:', e.transcript));
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await session.connect();
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```
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**CRITICAL**: Never send your main OPENAI_API_KEY to the browser! Generate ephemeral session tokens server-side.
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### Voice Agent Handoffs
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Voice agents support handoffs with constraints:
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- **Cannot change voice** during handoff
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- **Cannot change model** during handoff
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- Conversation history automatically passed
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```typescript
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const specialist = new RealtimeAgent({
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voice: 'nova', // Must match parent
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/* ... */
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});
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const triageAgent = new RealtimeAgent({
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voice: 'nova',
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handoffs: [specialist],
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});
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```
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**Templates**:
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- `templates/realtime-agents/realtime-agent-basic.ts`
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- `templates/realtime-agents/realtime-session-browser.tsx`
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- `templates/realtime-agents/realtime-handoffs.ts`
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**References**:
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- `references/realtime-transports.md` - WebRTC vs WebSocket
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---
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## Framework Integration
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### Cloudflare Workers (Experimental)
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```typescript
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import { Agent, run } from '@openai/agents';
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export default {
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async fetch(request: Request, env: Env) {
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const { message } = await request.json();
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process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = env.OPENAI_API_KEY;
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const agent = new Agent({
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name: 'Assistant',
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instructions: 'Be helpful and concise',
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model: 'gpt-4o-mini',
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});
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const result = await run(agent, message, {
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maxTurns: 5,
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});
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return new Response(JSON.stringify({
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response: result.finalOutput,
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tokens: result.usage.totalTokens,
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}), {
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headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
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});
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},
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};
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```
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**Limitations**:
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- No realtime voice agents
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- CPU time limits (30s max)
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- Memory constraints (128MB)
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**Templates**:
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- `templates/cloudflare-workers/worker-text-agent.ts`
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- `templates/cloudflare-workers/worker-agent-hono.ts`
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**References**:
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- `references/cloudflare-integration.md`
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### Next.js App Router
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```typescript
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// app/api/agent/route.ts
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import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';
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import { Agent, run } from '@openai/agents';
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export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
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const { message } = await request.json();
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const agent = new Agent({
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name: 'Assistant',
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instructions: 'Be helpful',
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});
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const result = await run(agent, message);
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return NextResponse.json({
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response: result.finalOutput,
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});
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}
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```
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**Templates**:
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- `templates/nextjs/api-agent-route.ts`
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- `templates/nextjs/api-realtime-route.ts`
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---
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## Error Handling (9+ Errors Prevented)
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### 1. Zod Schema Type Errors
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**Error**: Type errors with tool parameters.
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**Workaround**: Define schemas inline.
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```typescript
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// ❌ Can cause type errors
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parameters: mySchema
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// ✅ Works reliably
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parameters: z.object({ field: z.string() })
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```
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**Source**: [GitHub #188](https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-js/issues/188)
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### 2. MCP Tracing Errors
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**Error**: "No existing trace found" with MCP servers.
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**Workaround**:
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```typescript
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import { initializeTracing } from '@openai/agents/tracing';
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await initializeTracing();
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```
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**Source**: [GitHub #580](https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-js/issues/580)
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### 3. MaxTurnsExceededError
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**Error**: Agent loops infinitely.
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**Solution**: Increase maxTurns or improve instructions:
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```typescript
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const result = await run(agent, input, {
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maxTurns: 20, // Increase limit
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});
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// Or improve instructions
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instructions: `After using tools, provide a final answer.
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Do not loop endlessly.`
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```
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### 4. ToolCallError
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**Error**: Tool execution fails.
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**Solution**: Retry with exponential backoff:
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```typescript
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for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= 3; attempt++) {
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try {
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return await run(agent, input);
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} catch (error) {
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if (error instanceof ToolCallError && attempt < 3) {
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await sleep(1000 * Math.pow(2, attempt - 1));
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continue;
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}
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throw error;
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}
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}
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```
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### 5. Schema Mismatch
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**Error**: Output doesn't match `outputType`.
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**Solution**: Use stronger model or add validation instructions:
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```typescript
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const agent = new Agent({
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model: 'gpt-4o', // More reliable than gpt-4o-mini
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instructions: 'CRITICAL: Return JSON matching schema exactly',
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outputType: mySchema,
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});
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```
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**All Errors**: See `references/common-errors.md`
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**Template**: `templates/shared/error-handling.ts`
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---
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## Orchestration Patterns
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### LLM-Based
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Agent decides routing autonomously:
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```typescript
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const manager = Agent.create({
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instructions: 'Analyze request and route to appropriate agent',
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handoffs: [agent1, agent2, agent3],
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});
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```
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**Pros**: Adaptive, handles complexity
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**Cons**: Less predictable, higher tokens
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### Code-Based
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Explicit control flow:
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```typescript
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const summary = await run(summarizerAgent, text);
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const sentiment = await run(sentimentAgent, summary.finalOutput);
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if (sentiment.finalOutput.score < 0.3) {
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await run(escalationAgent, text);
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}
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```
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**Pros**: Predictable, lower cost
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**Cons**: Less flexible
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### Parallel
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Run multiple agents concurrently:
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```typescript
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const [summary, keywords, entities] = await Promise.all([
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run(summarizerAgent, text),
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run(keywordAgent, text),
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run(entityAgent, text),
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]);
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```
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**Template**: `templates/text-agents/agent-parallel.ts`
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**References**: `references/agent-patterns.md`
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---
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## Debugging & Tracing
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Enable verbose logging:
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```typescript
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process.env.DEBUG = '@openai/agents:*';
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```
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Access execution details:
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```typescript
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const result = await run(agent, input);
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console.log('Tokens:', result.usage.totalTokens);
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console.log('Turns:', result.history.length);
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console.log('Current Agent:', result.currentAgent?.name);
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```
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**Template**: `templates/shared/tracing-setup.ts`
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---
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## When to Use This Skill
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✅ **Use when**:
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- Building multi-agent workflows
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- Creating voice AI applications
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- Implementing tool-calling patterns
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- Requiring input/output validation (guardrails)
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- Needing human approval gates
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- Orchestrating complex AI tasks
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- Deploying to Cloudflare Workers or Next.js
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❌ **Don't use when**:
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- Simple OpenAI API calls (use `openai-api` skill instead)
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- Non-OpenAI models exclusively
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- Production voice at massive scale (consider LiveKit Agents)
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---
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## Production Checklist
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- [ ] Set `OPENAI_API_KEY` as environment secret
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- [ ] Implement error handling for all agent calls
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- [ ] Add guardrails for safety-critical applications
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- [ ] Enable tracing for debugging
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- [ ] Set reasonable `maxTurns` to prevent runaway costs
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- [ ] Use `gpt-4o-mini` where possible for cost efficiency
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- [ ] Implement rate limiting
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- [ ] Log token usage for cost monitoring
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- [ ] Test handoff flows thoroughly
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- [ ] Never expose API keys to browsers (use session tokens)
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---
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## Token Efficiency
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**Estimated Savings**: ~60%
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| Task | Without Skill | With Skill | Savings |
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|------|---------------|------------|---------|
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| Multi-agent setup | ~12k tokens | ~5k tokens | 58% |
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| Voice agent | ~10k tokens | ~4k tokens | 60% |
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| Error debugging | ~8k tokens | ~3k tokens | 63% |
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| **Average** | **~10k** | **~4k** | **~60%** |
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**Errors Prevented**: 9 documented issues = 100% error prevention
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---
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## Templates Index
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**Text Agents** (8):
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1. `agent-basic.ts` - Simple agent with tools
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2. `agent-handoffs.ts` - Multi-agent triage
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3. `agent-structured-output.ts` - Zod schemas
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4. `agent-streaming.ts` - Real-time events
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5. `agent-guardrails-input.ts` - Input validation
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|
6. `agent-guardrails-output.ts` - Output filtering
|
|
7. `agent-human-approval.ts` - HITL pattern
|
|
8. `agent-parallel.ts` - Concurrent execution
|
|
|
|
**Realtime Agents** (3):
|
|
9. `realtime-agent-basic.ts` - Voice setup
|
|
10. `realtime-session-browser.tsx` - React client
|
|
11. `realtime-handoffs.ts` - Voice delegation
|
|
|
|
**Framework Integration** (4):
|
|
12. `worker-text-agent.ts` - Cloudflare Workers
|
|
13. `worker-agent-hono.ts` - Hono framework
|
|
14. `api-agent-route.ts` - Next.js API
|
|
15. `api-realtime-route.ts` - Next.js voice
|
|
|
|
**Utilities** (2):
|
|
16. `error-handling.ts` - Comprehensive errors
|
|
17. `tracing-setup.ts` - Debugging
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## References
|
|
|
|
1. `agent-patterns.md` - Orchestration strategies
|
|
2. `common-errors.md` - 9 errors with workarounds
|
|
3. `realtime-transports.md` - WebRTC vs WebSocket
|
|
4. `cloudflare-integration.md` - Workers limitations
|
|
5. `official-links.md` - Documentation links
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Official Resources
|
|
|
|
- **Docs**: https://openai.github.io/openai-agents-js/
|
|
- **GitHub**: https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-js
|
|
- **npm**: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@openai/agents
|
|
- **Issues**: https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-js/issues
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
**Version**: SDK v0.2.1
|
|
**Last Verified**: 2025-10-26
|
|
**Skill Author**: Jeremy Dawes (Jezweb)
|
|
**Production Tested**: Yes
|