gh-endigo-claude-skills-academic-writer-skills/skills/academic-research-writer/references/IEEE-CITATION-GUIDE.md

IEEE Citation Guide

Table of Contents

1. General IEEE Rules
2. Detailed Format Examples
3. Special Cases
4. In-Text Citation Patterns
5. Common Mistakes
6. Quick Reference Table

1. General IEEE Rules

Basic Principles

Numbering:

• Number references consecutively in order of first appearance in text
• Use square brackets [1], [2], [3]
• References cited multiple times keep original number

Author Names:

• Format: First Initial(s). Last Name
• List all authors if six or fewer
• Use "et al." after first author if more than six
• Separate authors with commas, "and" before last author

Punctuation:

• Use commas between reference elements
• End with period
• Italicize journal/book titles
• Use quotation marks for article/chapter titles

Abbreviations

Months: Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, Jun., Jul., Aug., Sep., Oct., Nov., Dec.

Common Terms:

• vol. (volume)
• no. (number)
• pp. (pages)
• ed. (edition or editor)
• Proc. (Proceedings)
• Conf. (Conference)
• Int. (International)
• Dept. (Department)
• Univ. (University)
• Rep. (Report)

2. Detailed Format Examples

Journal Articles

Standard format:

[1] A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author, "Title of article," Journal Name, vol. X, no. Y, pp. ZZ-ZZ, Month Year.

With DOI:

[2] A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author, "Title of article," Journal Name, vol. X, no. Y, pp. ZZ-ZZ, Month Year, doi: 10.1234/example.

Online/Open Access:

[3] A. Author, "Title of article," Journal Name, vol. X, no. Y, pp. ZZ-ZZ, Month Year. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1234/example

Accepted for publication:

[4] A. Author, "Title," Journal Name, to be published.

In press:

[5] A. Author, "Title," Journal Name, in press.

Examples:

[1] J. Smith, R. Johnson, and M. Williams, "Deep learning approaches for medical image analysis," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 234-245, Mar. 2023.

[2] L. Chen et al., "Quantum computing applications in cryptography," Nature Quantum Inf., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 112-128, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41534-023-00234-5.

[3] K. Anderson, "Blockchain security protocols," ACM Comput. Surv., vol. 55, no. 4, article 89, Apr. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3578234

Conference Papers

Standard format:

[1] A. Author and B. Author, "Title of paper," in Proc. Conference Name, City, State/Country, Year, pp. ZZ-ZZ.

With DOI:

[2] A. Author, "Title," in Proc. Conf. Name, City, Country, Year, pp. ZZ-ZZ, doi: 10.1234/example.

Unpublished but presented:

[3] A. Author, "Title," presented at Conf. Name, City, Country, Month Year.

Examples:

[1] P. Kumar and S. Patel, "Machine learning for network optimization," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), Rome, Italy, 2023, pp. 456-461.

[2] M. Zhang, "Edge computing architectures," in Proc. 45th ACM Symp. Theory Comput., Boston, MA, USA, 2023, pp. 1234-1240, doi: 10.1145/3234567.3234890.

[3] R. Taylor, "Novel cryptographic methods," presented at RSA Conf., San Francisco, CA, USA, Apr. 2023.

Books

Complete book:

[1] A. Author, Title of Book, Edition. City, State: Publisher, Year.

With volume:

[2] A. Author, Title of Book, Edition, vol. X. City, State: Publisher, Year.

Chapter in edited book:

[3] A. Author, "Title of chapter," in Book Title, Edition, Ed. City, State: Publisher, Year, pp. ZZ-ZZ.

Examples:

[1] D. Patterson and J. Hennessy, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 6th ed. Cambridge, MA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2017.

[2] I. Goodfellow, Y. Bengio, and A. Courville, Deep Learning. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2016.

[3] M. Nielsen, "Neural networks and deep learning," in Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, A. Editor, Ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2020, pp. 145-178.

Technical Reports

Standard format:

[1] A. Author, "Title of report," Institution, City, State, Rep. Number, Month Year.

Available online:

[2] A. Author, "Title," Institution, City, State, Rep. Number, Month Year. [Online]. Available: URL

Examples:

[1] R. Brooks, "Artificial intelligence in robotics," MIT Computer Sci. Artif. Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA, Tech. Rep. MIT-CSAIL-TR-2023-001, Jan. 2023.

[2] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Cybersecurity framework," NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, NIST SP 800-53, Feb. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/

Theses and Dissertations

Standard format:

[1] A. Author, "Title of thesis," M.S. thesis/Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Abbrev., University, City, State, Year.

Examples:

[1] S. Thompson, "Optimization algorithms for large-scale systems," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA, USA, 2023.

[2] J. Martinez, "Novel approaches to data compression," M.S. thesis, Dept. Comput. Sci., MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2022.

Online Sources

Websites:

[1] A. Author. "Title of webpage." Website Name. URL (accessed Month Day, Year).

Without author:

[2] "Title of webpage," Website Name. URL (accessed Month Day, Year).

Examples:

[1] T. Brown. "Language models are few-shot learners." OpenAI Blog. https://openai.com/blog/gpt-3 (accessed Jan. 15, 2023).

[2] "Python documentation," Python Software Foundation. https://docs.python.org/3/ (accessed Mar. 10, 2023).

Standards

Format:

[1] Title of Standard, Standard Number, Year.

Example:

[1] IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic, IEEE Std 754-2019, Jul. 2019.

Patents

Format:

[1] A. Inventor, "Title of patent," Country Patent Number, Month Day, Year.

Example:

[1] J. Smith, "Method for data encryption," U.S. Patent 10,234,567, Mar. 19, 2019.

Preprints (arXiv)

Format:

[1] A. Author et al., "Title," arXiv preprint arXiv:XXXX.XXXXX, Month Year.

Example:

[1] A. Vaswani et al., "Attention is all you need," arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.03762, Jun. 2017.

3. Special Cases

Multiple Works by Same Author(s)

Number chronologically and use original numbers:

[1] J. Smith, "First paper," ...2022.
[2] J. Smith, "Second paper," ...2023.

Text cites: [1], [2]

Multiple Citations in One Bracket

Separate papers:

[1], [2], [3] or [1]-[3]

Same author, different papers:

Smith [1], [2] or Smith [1]-[3]

No Author Available

Use organization or "Anonymous":

[1] National Research Council, Title, ...
[2] Anonymous, "Title," ...

Non-English Sources

With translation:

[1] A. Author, "Titre en français (Title in French)," ...

Original language kept:

[1] A. Author, "原题 (Original title)," ...

4. In-Text Citation Patterns

Single Reference

"Recent studies demonstrate improved accuracy [1]."

"Smith et al. [1] proposed a novel algorithm..."

Multiple References

Sequential: "Several studies [1]-[4] confirm..."

Non-sequential: "Previous work [1], [3], [7] addresses..."

Reference in Sentence

"As shown in [1], the method achieves..."

"The algorithm described in [5] outperforms..."

Multiple Authors

Parenthetical: "The technique improves efficiency [1]."

Narrative: "Smith et al. [1] demonstrate that..."

Note: Always use "et al." in text even if all authors listed in reference

5. Common Mistakes

❌ Incorrect Formats

Wrong:

[1] Smith, J., Johnson, R. (2023). "Title of article." Journal Name, Vol. 42, No. 3, Pages 234-245.

Correct:

[1] J. Smith and R. Johnson, "Title of article," Journal Name, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 234-245, Mar. 2023.

❌ Author Name Format

Wrong:

• Smith, John (APA style)
• John Smith
• SMITH, J.

Correct:

• J. Smith
• J. R. Smith

❌ Punctuation Errors

Wrong:

• [1] J. Smith; "Title;" Journal; vol. 1; 2023
• [1] J. Smith. "Title." Journal. vol. 1. 2023

Correct:

• [1] J. Smith, "Title," Journal, vol. 1, 2023.

❌ Title Capitalization

Wrong:

• "The Effect Of Temperature On Reaction Rates" (title case)

Correct:

• "The effect of temperature on reaction rates" (sentence case)

❌ Page Number Format

Wrong:

• p. 234-245
• pages 234-245

Correct:

• pp. 234-245

6. Quick Reference Table

Type	Basic Format
Journal	Authors, "Title," Journal, vol., no., pp., Month Year.
Conference	Authors, "Title," in Proc. Conf., City, Country, Year, pp.
Book	Authors, Title, ed. City, State: Publisher, Year.
Chapter	Author, "Chapter title," in Book Title, Ed. City: Pub., Year, pp.
Website	Author. "Title." Site. URL (accessed Date).
Report	Author, "Title," Institution, City, Rep. No., Month Year.
Thesis	Author, "Title," Degree, Dept., Univ., City, Year.
Patent	Inventor, "Title," Country Patent No., Date.
Standard	Standard Title, Std. Number, Year.
arXiv	Authors, "Title," arXiv preprint arXiv:XXXX, Month Year.

Reference Management Tips

1. Maintain consistency: Follow format exactly throughout
2. Verify all details: Check author names, dates, page numbers
3. Include DOI when available: Improves discoverability
4. Double-check URLs: Ensure links work
5. Sort references: Number in order of appearance
6. Cross-check citations: Every [X] must have reference [X]
7. Use tools carefully: Reference managers may have errors

Journal Name Abbreviations

Use IEEE standard abbreviations:

• Transactions → Trans.
• Journal → J.
• Proceedings → Proc.
• International → Int.
• Computer → Comput.
• Magazine → Mag.
• Communications → Commun.
• Technology → Technol.

Example:

• Full: "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"
• Abbreviated: "IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."