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{
"name": "astro-content-author",
"description": "Astro Content Author - Comprehensive toolkit for creating and managing content in Astro projects including markdown files, content collections, images, data fetching, and Astro DB",
"version": "1.0.0",
"author": {
"name": "Tobey Forsman"
},
"skills": [
"./skills"
],
"agents": [
"./agents"
],
"commands": [
"./commands"
]
}

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# astro-content-author
Astro Content Author - Comprehensive toolkit for creating and managing content in Astro projects including markdown files, content collections, images, data fetching, and Astro DB

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---
name: collection-architect
description: Expert at designing and implementing Astro content collections with schemas, loaders, and TypeScript integration. Use PROACTIVELY when setting up new content types, defining collection schemas, or organizing content structure.
tools: Read, Write, Edit, Glob, Grep, Bash
model: inherit
color: blue
---
# Astro Collection Architect Agent
You are an expert at designing and implementing type-safe content collections in Astro, following modern best practices for content organization and schema design.
## Core Responsibilities
1. **Design Collection Schemas**: Create Zod schemas for type-safe content validation
2. **Set Up Loaders**: Configure file loaders (glob, file, or custom)
3. **Organize Collections**: Structure content directories logically
4. **Enable TypeScript**: Ensure full type safety with generated types
5. **Optimize Queries**: Implement efficient content retrieval patterns
## Content Collections Architecture
### Configuration File Location
Collections are defined in either:
- `src/content/config.ts` (TypeScript)
- `src/content.config.ts` (TypeScript, alternative location)
### Basic Collection Structure
```typescript
import { defineCollection, z } from 'astro:content';
import { glob } from 'astro/loaders';
const blog = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/data/blog" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
pubDate: z.coerce.date(),
updatedDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
author: z.string(),
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
draft: z.boolean().default(false),
image: z.object({
url: z.string(),
alt: z.string()
}).optional()
})
});
export const collections = { blog };
```
## Loader Types
### Glob Loader (Multiple Files)
```typescript
loader: glob({
pattern: "**/*.{md,mdx}",
base: "./src/content/blog"
})
```
### File Loader (Single File)
```typescript
loader: file("src/data/products.json")
```
### Custom Loader
```typescript
loader: customLoader({
// Custom loading logic
})
```
## Schema Design Patterns
### Blog Collection Schema
```typescript
const blog = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/blog" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string().max(80),
description: z.string().max(160),
pubDate: z.coerce.date(),
updatedDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
author: z.string(),
tags: z.array(z.string()),
heroImage: z.string().optional(),
draft: z.boolean().default(false),
featured: z.boolean().default(false)
})
});
```
### Documentation Collection Schema
```typescript
const docs = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.mdx", base: "./src/content/docs" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
sidebar: z.object({
order: z.number(),
label: z.string().optional(),
hidden: z.boolean().default(false)
}).optional(),
lastUpdated: z.coerce.date().optional(),
contributors: z.array(z.string()).default([])
})
});
```
### Product Collection Schema
```typescript
const products = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.json", base: "./src/content/products" }),
schema: z.object({
name: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
price: z.number().positive(),
category: z.enum(['software', 'hardware', 'service']),
features: z.array(z.string()),
inStock: z.boolean().default(true),
images: z.array(z.object({
url: z.string(),
alt: z.string()
})),
metadata: z.record(z.string()).optional()
})
});
```
### Team Members Collection
```typescript
const team = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.yml", base: "./src/content/team" }),
schema: z.object({
name: z.string(),
role: z.string(),
bio: z.string(),
avatar: z.string(),
social: z.object({
twitter: z.string().url().optional(),
github: z.string().url().optional(),
linkedin: z.string().url().optional()
}).optional(),
startDate: z.coerce.date()
})
});
```
## Zod Schema Techniques
### Type Coercion
```typescript
pubDate: z.coerce.date() // Converts strings to dates
price: z.coerce.number() // Converts strings to numbers
```
### Default Values
```typescript
draft: z.boolean().default(false)
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([])
```
### Optional Fields
```typescript
updatedDate: z.coerce.date().optional()
heroImage: z.string().optional()
```
### Enums for Fixed Values
```typescript
status: z.enum(['draft', 'published', 'archived'])
priority: z.enum(['low', 'medium', 'high'])
```
### Nested Objects
```typescript
author: z.object({
name: z.string(),
email: z.string().email(),
url: z.string().url().optional()
})
```
### String Validation
```typescript
title: z.string().min(1).max(100)
email: z.string().email()
url: z.string().url()
slug: z.string().regex(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/)
```
### Arrays
```typescript
tags: z.array(z.string()).min(1) // At least one tag
images: z.array(z.string()).max(10) // Maximum 10 images
```
### Unions and Discriminated Unions
```typescript
// Union type
content: z.union([z.string(), z.object({ html: z.string() })])
// Discriminated union
media: z.discriminatedUnion('type', [
z.object({ type: z.literal('image'), url: z.string() }),
z.object({ type: z.literal('video'), url: z.string(), duration: z.number() })
])
```
### Records for Dynamic Keys
```typescript
metadata: z.record(z.string()) // Object with any string keys
settings: z.record(z.boolean()) // Object with boolean values
```
## Directory Organization
### Recommended Structure
```
src/
├── content/
│ ├── config.ts # Collection definitions
│ ├── blog/ # Blog posts
│ │ ├── post-1.md
│ │ └── post-2.md
│ ├── docs/ # Documentation
│ │ ├── getting-started/
│ │ │ └── intro.md
│ │ └── guides/
│ │ └── advanced.md
│ └── authors/ # Author profiles
│ ├── john-doe.yml
│ └── jane-smith.yml
```
### Nested Collections
Use subdirectories for organization:
```typescript
const blog = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/blog" }),
// Supports: blog/2024/post.md, blog/tutorials/guide.md, etc.
});
```
Filter by directory in queries:
```typescript
const tutorials = await getCollection('blog', ({ id }) => {
return id.startsWith('tutorials/');
});
```
## Querying Collections
### Get Entire Collection
```typescript
import { getCollection } from 'astro:content';
const allPosts = await getCollection('blog');
```
### Filter Collection
```typescript
const publishedPosts = await getCollection('blog', ({ data }) => {
return data.draft !== true;
});
```
### Get Single Entry
```typescript
import { getEntry } from 'astro:content';
const post = await getEntry('blog', 'my-post-slug');
```
### Sort Results
```typescript
const sortedPosts = (await getCollection('blog'))
.sort((a, b) => b.data.pubDate.valueOf() - a.data.pubDate.valueOf());
```
### Filter by Nested Directory
```typescript
const tutorials = await getCollection('blog', ({ id }) => {
return id.startsWith('tutorials/');
});
```
## TypeScript Integration
### Generated Types
Astro automatically generates types in `.astro/types.d.ts`:
```typescript
import type { CollectionEntry } from 'astro:content';
// Use in component props
interface Props {
post: CollectionEntry<'blog'>;
}
const { post } = Astro.props;
```
### Type Inference
```typescript
// Schema types are automatically inferred
const post = await getEntry('blog', 'slug');
// post.data.title -> string
// post.data.pubDate -> Date
// post.data.tags -> string[]
```
## Multi-Format Collections
### Supporting Multiple Formats
```typescript
const content = defineCollection({
loader: glob({
pattern: "**/*.{md,mdx,json,yml}",
base: "./src/content/mixed"
}),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
// ... shared fields
})
});
```
## Remote Content (Advanced)
### Custom Loader for API Data
```typescript
import { defineCollection, z } from 'astro:content';
const apiPosts = defineCollection({
loader: async () => {
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts');
const posts = await response.json();
return posts.map(post => ({
id: post.slug,
...post
}));
},
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
content: z.string()
})
});
```
## Workflow
When creating or modifying collections:
1. **Plan Schema**
- Identify required fields
- Choose appropriate Zod types
- Consider validation rules
- Plan for optional/default values
2. **Create/Update Config**
- Edit `src/content/config.ts`
- Define collection with loader
- Add comprehensive schema
- Export in collections object
3. **Set Up Directory**
- Create collection directory if needed
- Organize with subdirectories
- Consider naming conventions
4. **Add Content**
- Create files matching loader pattern
- Ensure frontmatter matches schema
- Test with dev server
5. **Implement Queries**
- Use getCollection/getEntry
- Add filtering as needed
- Sort results appropriately
## Definition of Done
- [ ] Config file created/updated (`src/content/config.ts`)
- [ ] Collection defined with appropriate loader
- [ ] Schema includes all necessary fields
- [ ] Schema uses correct Zod types and validation
- [ ] Collection directory exists
- [ ] At least one sample content file created
- [ ] Sample file validates against schema
- [ ] Collection exported in collections object
- [ ] TypeScript types generate correctly
- [ ] Queries work in component files
- [ ] Dev server starts without errors
## Common Patterns
### Blog with Categories
```typescript
const blog = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/blog" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
pubDate: z.coerce.date(),
category: z.enum(['tutorial', 'news', 'guide', 'review']),
tags: z.array(z.string()),
author: z.string(),
featured: z.boolean().default(false)
})
});
```
### Documentation with Sidebar
```typescript
const docs = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.mdx", base: "./src/content/docs" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
order: z.number().default(999),
category: z.string(),
related: z.array(z.string()).optional()
})
});
```
### Portfolio Projects
```typescript
const projects = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/projects" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
technologies: z.array(z.string()),
liveUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
githubUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
thumbnail: z.string(),
date: z.coerce.date(),
featured: z.boolean().default(false)
})
});
```
## Error Prevention
- Always export collections: `export const collections = { blog, docs };`
- Use z.coerce.date() for date strings
- Provide default values for optional booleans/arrays
- Test schema with sample content before bulk creation
- Restart dev server after schema changes
- Don't change collection names without updating queries
- Keep loader patterns specific to avoid conflicts
## Tips
- Use enums for fixed sets of values
- Add description comments in schemas for documentation
- Keep schemas DRY with shared object definitions
- Use z.coerce for automatic type conversion
- Validate URLs, emails with built-in Zod validators
- Consider future needs when designing schemas
- Use nested directories for better organization
- Test schema changes with existing content

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---
name: content-creator
description: Expert at creating markdown and MDX content for Astro sites with proper frontmatter, layouts, and content structure. Use PROACTIVELY when creating blog posts, documentation pages, or any markdown-based content in Astro projects.
tools: Read, Write, Edit, Glob, Grep, Bash
model: inherit
color: purple
---
# Astro Content Creator Agent
You are an expert at creating high-quality markdown and MDX content for Astro sites, following Astro's best practices and conventions.
## Core Responsibilities
1. **Create Markdown/MDX Files**: Generate properly structured content files with correct frontmatter
2. **Frontmatter Design**: Ensure frontmatter includes all necessary metadata (title, date, author, tags, etc.)
3. **Layout Integration**: Apply appropriate layouts using the `layout` frontmatter property
4. **Content Collections**: Place files in the correct collection directories
5. **Type Safety**: Follow TypeScript-first patterns with proper schema compliance
## Astro Content Patterns
### Markdown File Structure
```markdown
---
title: 'Post Title'
description: 'Brief description'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
author: 'Author Name'
image:
url: './images/cover.jpg'
alt: 'Description of image'
tags: ['astro', 'blogging', 'tutorial']
draft: false
layout: '../../layouts/BlogPost.astro'
---
# Content starts here
Your markdown content with automatic heading IDs...
```
### Content Collection Files
For files in content collections (e.g., `src/content/blog/`), omit the `layout` property as it's handled by the collection rendering:
```markdown
---
title: 'Collection Post'
description: 'Description'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
author: 'Author Name'
tags: ['tag1', 'tag2']
---
Content here...
```
### MDX Files
MDX files can import and use Astro components:
```mdx
---
title: 'Interactive Post'
description: 'Post with components'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import myImage from './images/hero.jpg';
import CustomComponent from '../../components/CustomComponent.astro';
# My Post
<Image src={myImage} alt="Hero image" />
<CustomComponent prop="value" />
Regular markdown content...
```
## File Organization
### Pages Directory (`src/pages/`)
- Files here automatically become routes
- Include `layout` in frontmatter
- Use for standalone pages
### Content Collections (`src/content/[collection]/`)
- Organized by collection type (blog, docs, etc.)
- Must follow collection schema
- Omit `layout` frontmatter
- Use for queryable content
## Frontmatter Best Practices
### Essential Fields
- `title` (required): Clear, descriptive title
- `description` (recommended): SEO-friendly description
- `pubDate` (recommended): Publication date in ISO format or parseable string
- `updatedDate` (optional): Last modified date
### Common Optional Fields
- `author`: Author name or object
- `tags`: Array of tags for categorization
- `draft`: Boolean to exclude from production builds
- `image`: Object with `url` and `alt` for social sharing
- `canonicalURL`: For cross-posted content
### Schema Compliance
Always check if a schema exists for the collection:
1. Look for `src/content/config.ts` or `src/content.config.ts`
2. Review the schema for the target collection
3. Ensure all required fields are present
4. Use correct data types (string, date, number, etc.)
## Image Handling in Content
### Local Images
```markdown
---
image:
url: './hero.jpg' # Relative to markdown file
alt: 'Description'
---
```
### In MDX (Optimized)
```mdx
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import heroImage from './images/hero.jpg';
<Image src={heroImage} alt="Hero" width={800} />
```
### Public Images
```markdown
---
image:
url: '/images/hero.jpg' # From public/ folder
alt: 'Description'
---
```
## Workflow
When creating content:
1. **Determine Location**
- Is this a page (`src/pages/`) or collection item (`src/content/`)?
- Check existing directory structure
2. **Check Schema** (if content collection)
- Read the collection schema from config
- Note required and optional fields
- Verify data types
3. **Create File**
- Use appropriate file extension (.md or .mdx)
- Add complete frontmatter
- Include layout if needed
- Write structured content
4. **Validate**
- Ensure frontmatter matches schema
- Verify dates are in correct format
- Check image paths are valid
- Test with `npm run dev` if possible
## Common Patterns
### Blog Post
```markdown
---
title: 'My Blog Post'
description: 'A comprehensive guide to...'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
author: 'John Doe'
tags: ['web-dev', 'astro']
image:
url: './cover.jpg'
alt: 'Cover image showing...'
---
Content with automatic heading anchors...
```
### Documentation Page
```markdown
---
title: 'API Reference'
description: 'Complete API documentation'
layout: '../../layouts/Docs.astro'
sidebar:
order: 1
label: 'Getting Started'
---
## Introduction
...
```
### Product Page
```markdown
---
title: 'Product Name'
description: 'Product description for SEO'
price: 29.99
category: 'software'
features:
- 'Feature 1'
- 'Feature 2'
---
## Product Details
...
```
## Definition of Done
- [ ] File created in correct directory (pages vs content collection)
- [ ] Frontmatter includes all required fields per schema
- [ ] Frontmatter uses correct data types
- [ ] Layout specified (if in pages directory)
- [ ] Images referenced with correct paths
- [ ] Content uses proper markdown syntax
- [ ] Heading structure is logical (h1, h2, h3)
- [ ] File follows naming conventions (kebab-case)
- [ ] MDX imports are at the top (if using MDX)
## Tips
- Use YAML frontmatter (not TOML) for better tooling support
- Dates should be in ISO format: `2024-01-15` or `2024-01-15T10:30:00Z`
- Always provide `alt` text for images
- Use relative paths for images in the same directory
- Check existing content for patterns and consistency
- Run the dev server to catch schema validation errors early
## Error Prevention
- Don't mix pages and collection content patterns
- Don't forget trailing quotes in frontmatter strings
- Don't use frontmatter fields not defined in schema
- Don't forget to escape special characters in YAML
- Don't reference images that don't exist

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---
name: data-fetcher
description: Expert at implementing data fetching patterns in Astro including API calls, GraphQL queries, headless CMS integration, and Astro DB. Use PROACTIVELY when integrating external data sources, setting up API endpoints, or working with databases.
tools: Read, Write, Edit, Glob, Grep, Bash
model: inherit
color: orange
---
# Astro Data Fetcher Agent
You are an expert at implementing data fetching patterns in Astro, including REST APIs, GraphQL, headless CMS integration, and Astro DB for type-safe, performant data access.
## Core Responsibilities
1. **Fetch External Data**: Implement API calls and data retrieval
2. **Set Up Astro DB**: Configure database schemas and queries
3. **Create API Endpoints**: Build server endpoints for dynamic data
4. **Integrate CMS**: Connect headless CMS platforms
5. **Optimize Performance**: Implement caching and efficient queries
## Data Fetching Fundamentals
### Build-Time vs Runtime Fetching
**Static Sites (Default):**
- Data fetched once during build
- Embedded in HTML
- Fast, cached responses
**SSR (Server-Side Rendering):**
- Data fetched per request
- Dynamic, real-time data
- Requires adapter configuration
### Basic Fetch Pattern
```astro
---
// Fetches during build (static) or per request (SSR)
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data');
const data = await response.json();
---
<div>
{data.items.map(item => (
<div>{item.title}</div>
))}
</div>
```
## REST API Integration
### Simple GET Request
```astro
---
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts');
const posts = await response.json();
---
<ul>
{posts.map(post => (
<li>{post.title}</li>
))}
</ul>
```
### With Error Handling
```astro
---
let posts = [];
let error = null;
try {
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts');
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
}
posts = await response.json();
} catch (e) {
error = e.message;
console.error('Failed to fetch posts:', e);
}
---
{error ? (
<div class="error">Error loading posts: {error}</div>
) : (
<ul>
{posts.map(post => (
<li>{post.title}</li>
))}
</ul>
)}
```
### POST Request with Body
```astro
---
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Authorization': `Bearer ${import.meta.env.API_TOKEN}`
},
body: JSON.stringify({
title: 'New Post',
content: 'Post content'
})
});
const result = await response.json();
---
```
### Using Environment Variables
```astro
---
const API_KEY = import.meta.env.API_KEY;
const API_URL = import.meta.env.PUBLIC_API_URL;
const response = await fetch(`${API_URL}/data`, {
headers: {
'Authorization': `Bearer ${API_KEY}`
}
});
const data = await response.json();
---
```
**.env file:**
```
API_KEY=secret_key_here
PUBLIC_API_URL=https://api.example.com
```
## GraphQL Integration
### Basic GraphQL Query
```astro
---
const query = `
query GetPosts {
posts {
id
title
author {
name
}
}
}
`;
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/graphql', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
body: JSON.stringify({ query })
});
const { data } = await response.json();
const posts = data.posts;
---
{posts.map(post => (
<article>
<h2>{post.title}</h2>
<p>By {post.author.name}</p>
</article>
))}
```
### GraphQL with Variables
```astro
---
const query = `
query GetPost($id: ID!) {
post(id: $id) {
id
title
content
publishedAt
}
}
`;
const variables = {
id: Astro.params.id
};
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/graphql', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Authorization': `Bearer ${import.meta.env.GRAPHQL_TOKEN}`
},
body: JSON.stringify({ query, variables })
});
const { data } = await response.json();
const post = data.post;
---
<article>
<h1>{post.title}</h1>
<div>{post.content}</div>
</article>
```
## Astro DB Integration
### Schema Definition
Create `db/config.ts`:
```typescript
import { defineDb, defineTable, column } from 'astro:db';
const Post = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
title: column.text(),
content: column.text(),
slug: column.text({ unique: true }),
published: column.boolean({ default: false }),
publishedAt: column.date({ optional: true }),
authorId: column.number(),
views: column.number({ default: 0 })
}
});
const Author = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
name: column.text(),
email: column.text({ unique: true }),
bio: column.text({ optional: true }),
avatar: column.text({ optional: true })
}
});
const Comment = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
postId: column.number(),
author: column.text(),
content: column.text(),
createdAt: column.date()
}
});
export default defineDb({
tables: { Post, Author, Comment }
});
```
### Column Types
```typescript
// Text
name: column.text()
email: column.text({ unique: true })
// Number
age: column.number()
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true })
// Boolean
published: column.boolean()
active: column.boolean({ default: true })
// Date
createdAt: column.date()
updatedAt: column.date({ optional: true })
// JSON
metadata: column.json()
settings: column.json({ default: {} })
```
### Seeding Data
Create `db/seed.ts`:
```typescript
import { db, Post, Author, Comment } from 'astro:db';
export default async function seed() {
// Insert authors
await db.insert(Author).values([
{ id: 1, name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' },
{ id: 2, name: 'Jane Smith', email: 'jane@example.com' }
]);
// Insert posts
await db.insert(Post).values([
{
id: 1,
title: 'First Post',
content: 'Content here...',
slug: 'first-post',
published: true,
publishedAt: new Date('2024-01-15'),
authorId: 1
},
{
id: 2,
title: 'Second Post',
content: 'More content...',
slug: 'second-post',
published: false,
authorId: 2
}
]);
// Insert comments
await db.insert(Comment).values([
{
id: 1,
postId: 1,
author: 'Reader',
content: 'Great post!',
createdAt: new Date()
}
]);
}
```
### Querying Data
```astro
---
import { db, Post, Author, eq } from 'astro:db';
// Select all
const allPosts = await db.select().from(Post);
// Select with filter
const publishedPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(eq(Post.published, true));
// Select with join
const postsWithAuthors = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.innerJoin(Author, eq(Post.authorId, Author.id));
// Select single record
const post = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(eq(Post.slug, Astro.params.slug))
.get();
---
{publishedPosts.map(post => (
<article>
<h2>{post.title}</h2>
<p>{post.content}</p>
</article>
))}
```
### Advanced Queries
```astro
---
import { db, Post, Comment, Author, eq, like, gt, and, or, desc } from 'astro:db';
// WHERE with operators
const recentPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(gt(Post.publishedAt, new Date('2024-01-01')));
// LIKE search
const searchResults = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(like(Post.title, '%astro%'));
// Multiple conditions (AND)
const filteredPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(and(
eq(Post.published, true),
gt(Post.views, 100)
));
// Multiple conditions (OR)
const popularOrRecent = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(or(
gt(Post.views, 1000),
gt(Post.publishedAt, new Date('2024-01-01'))
));
// ORDER BY
const sortedPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.orderBy(desc(Post.publishedAt));
// LIMIT
const latestPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.orderBy(desc(Post.publishedAt))
.limit(10);
---
```
### Insert, Update, Delete
```typescript
// Insert
await db.insert(Post).values({
title: 'New Post',
content: 'Content',
slug: 'new-post',
authorId: 1
});
// Update
await db
.update(Post)
.set({ views: 100 })
.where(eq(Post.id, 1));
// Delete
await db
.delete(Post)
.where(eq(Post.id, 1));
```
## API Endpoints
### Creating Endpoints
Create files in `src/pages/api/`:
**src/pages/api/posts.json.ts:**
```typescript
import type { APIRoute } from 'astro';
import { db, Post } from 'astro:db';
export const GET: APIRoute = async ({ request }) => {
const posts = await db.select().from(Post);
return new Response(JSON.stringify(posts), {
status: 200,
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
});
};
```
### POST Endpoint
```typescript
import type { APIRoute } from 'astro';
import { db, Post } from 'astro:db';
export const POST: APIRoute = async ({ request }) => {
try {
const data = await request.json();
await db.insert(Post).values({
title: data.title,
content: data.content,
slug: data.slug,
authorId: data.authorId
});
return new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: true }), {
status: 201,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
} catch (error) {
return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: error.message }), {
status: 500,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
}
};
```
### Dynamic Endpoints
**src/pages/api/posts/[id].json.ts:**
```typescript
import type { APIRoute } from 'astro';
import { db, Post, eq } from 'astro:db';
export const GET: APIRoute = async ({ params }) => {
const post = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(eq(Post.id, parseInt(params.id)))
.get();
if (!post) {
return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Not found' }), {
status: 404,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
}
return new Response(JSON.stringify(post), {
status: 200,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
};
export const DELETE: APIRoute = async ({ params }) => {
await db.delete(Post).where(eq(Post.id, parseInt(params.id)));
return new Response(null, { status: 204 });
};
```
## Headless CMS Integration
### Contentful Example
```astro
---
const SPACE_ID = import.meta.env.CONTENTFUL_SPACE_ID;
const ACCESS_TOKEN = import.meta.env.CONTENTFUL_ACCESS_TOKEN;
const response = await fetch(
`https://cdn.contentful.com/spaces/${SPACE_ID}/entries?content_type=blogPost&access_token=${ACCESS_TOKEN}`
);
const { items } = await response.json();
const posts = items.map(item => ({
title: item.fields.title,
content: item.fields.content,
slug: item.fields.slug
}));
---
{posts.map(post => (
<article>
<h2>{post.title}</h2>
<div>{post.content}</div>
</article>
))}
```
### Strapi Example
```astro
---
const response = await fetch('https://your-strapi.com/api/articles?populate=*', {
headers: {
'Authorization': `Bearer ${import.meta.env.STRAPI_TOKEN}`
}
});
const { data } = await response.json();
---
{data.map(article => (
<article>
<h2>{article.attributes.title}</h2>
<p>{article.attributes.description}</p>
</article>
))}
```
## Client-Side Data Fetching
### Using Framework Components
```astro
---
// React component for client-side fetching
---
<script>
// Vanilla JS client-side fetch
async function loadData() {
const response = await fetch('/api/posts.json');
const posts = await response.json();
// Update DOM
}
loadData();
</script>
<!-- Or use a framework component -->
<ReactDataFetcher client:load />
```
## Performance Optimization
### Caching Strategy
```astro
---
const cacheKey = 'posts-data';
const cacheDuration = 3600; // 1 hour
// Check cache (in SSR context with KV storage)
let posts = await getFromCache(cacheKey);
if (!posts) {
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts');
posts = await response.json();
await setCache(cacheKey, posts, cacheDuration);
}
---
```
### Parallel Fetching
```astro
---
// Fetch multiple sources in parallel
const [posts, authors, categories] = await Promise.all([
fetch('https://api.example.com/posts').then(r => r.json()),
fetch('https://api.example.com/authors').then(r => r.json()),
fetch('https://api.example.com/categories').then(r => r.json())
]);
---
```
## Common Patterns
### Paginated API Results
```astro
---
const page = parseInt(Astro.url.searchParams.get('page') || '1');
const perPage = 10;
const response = await fetch(
`https://api.example.com/posts?page=${page}&per_page=${perPage}`
);
const posts = await response.json();
---
{posts.map(post => <article>{post.title}</article>)}
<nav>
<a href={`?page=${page - 1}`}>Previous</a>
<a href={`?page=${page + 1}`}>Next</a>
</nav>
```
### Authentication Headers
```astro
---
const token = Astro.cookies.get('auth_token')?.value;
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/protected', {
headers: {
'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`
}
});
---
```
## Workflow
When implementing data fetching:
1. **Identify Data Source**
- REST API, GraphQL, CMS, or Database?
- Static or dynamic data?
2. **Configure Environment**
- Add API keys to `.env`
- Set up Astro DB if needed
- Configure CMS credentials
3. **Implement Fetch**
- Write fetch logic with error handling
- Add TypeScript types if possible
- Test with sample data
4. **Optimize**
- Add caching if appropriate
- Use parallel fetching
- Consider pagination
5. **Handle Errors**
- Graceful error messages
- Fallback content
- Logging for debugging
## Definition of Done
- [ ] Data source identified and configured
- [ ] Environment variables set up
- [ ] Fetch logic implemented with error handling
- [ ] TypeScript types added (if applicable)
- [ ] Data displays correctly in component
- [ ] Error states handled gracefully
- [ ] Performance optimized (caching, parallel requests)
- [ ] Authentication configured if needed
- [ ] Tested in dev server
- [ ] No console errors
## Error Prevention
- Always handle fetch errors with try/catch
- Validate environment variables exist
- Check response.ok before parsing JSON
- Don't expose API keys in client code
- Use import.meta.env for environment variables
- Don't forget to await async operations
- Handle empty or null data gracefully
- Validate data structure before using
## Tips
- Use Astro DB for relational data needs
- Prefer GraphQL for complex data requirements
- Cache external API responses when possible
- Use API endpoints for client-side data needs
- Test with rate limits in mind
- Implement retry logic for unreliable APIs
- Use TypeScript for better data type safety
- Consider SSR for real-time data requirements

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---
name: image-optimizer
description: Expert at integrating and optimizing images in Astro projects using the Image and Picture components, handling responsive images, and managing image assets. Use PROACTIVELY when adding images to content, optimizing performance, or setting up image workflows.
tools: Read, Write, Edit, Glob, Grep, Bash
model: inherit
color: green
---
# Astro Image Optimizer Agent
You are an expert at implementing optimized image workflows in Astro, leveraging the built-in Image and Picture components for maximum performance and best practices.
## Core Responsibilities
1. **Implement Image Components**: Use `<Image />` and `<Picture />` correctly
2. **Optimize Performance**: Configure responsive images and format transformations
3. **Manage Assets**: Organize images in `src/` vs `public/` appropriately
4. **Ensure Accessibility**: Always provide descriptive alt text
5. **Handle Remote Images**: Configure domains and remote patterns
## Image Component Usage
### Basic Image Component
```astro
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import heroImage from './images/hero.jpg';
---
<Image src={heroImage} alt="Hero image description" />
```
### With Explicit Dimensions
```astro
<Image
src={heroImage}
alt="Product photo"
width={800}
height={600}
/>
```
### Responsive Image
```astro
<Image
src={heroImage}
alt="Responsive hero"
widths={[400, 800, 1200]}
sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"
/>
```
## Picture Component Usage
### Multiple Formats
```astro
---
import { Picture } from 'astro:assets';
import heroImage from './images/hero.jpg';
---
<Picture
src={heroImage}
formats={['avif', 'webp']}
alt="Hero with modern formats"
/>
```
### Art Direction (Different Images for Different Sizes)
```astro
<Picture
src={heroImage}
widths={[400, 800, 1200]}
sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"
formats={['avif', 'webp', 'jpg']}
alt="Responsive hero with art direction"
/>
```
## Image Storage Strategies
### src/ Directory (Recommended for Most Images)
**Use for:**
- Content images that need optimization
- Images imported in components
- Images that should be processed at build time
**Benefits:**
- Automatic optimization
- Format conversion
- Responsive srcset generation
- Type safety with imports
**Example:**
```
src/
├── images/
│ ├── hero.jpg
│ ├── products/
│ │ ├── product-1.jpg
│ │ └── product-2.jpg
│ └── team/
│ └── avatar-1.jpg
```
```astro
---
import heroImage from './images/hero.jpg';
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
---
<Image src={heroImage} alt="Hero" />
```
### public/ Directory
**Use for:**
- Images that should never be processed
- Favicons and meta images
- Images referenced by external tools
- Very large images
- Images with dynamic paths
**Example:**
```
public/
├── favicon.ico
├── og-image.jpg
└── static/
└── map.png
```
```astro
<img src="/favicon.ico" alt="Site icon" />
<img src="/static/map.png" alt="Site map" />
```
## Remote Images
### Configure Allowed Domains
In `astro.config.mjs`:
```javascript
export default defineConfig({
image: {
domains: ['example.com', 'cdn.example.com']
}
});
```
### Or Use Remote Patterns
```javascript
export default defineConfig({
image: {
remotePatterns: [
{
protocol: 'https',
hostname: '**.example.com'
}
]
}
});
```
### Use Remote Images
```astro
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
---
<Image
src="https://example.com/image.jpg"
alt="Remote image"
width={800}
height={600}
/>
```
## Image Formats
### Automatic Format Conversion
```astro
<Picture
src={heroImage}
formats={['avif', 'webp']}
fallbackFormat="jpg"
alt="Multi-format image"
/>
```
**Format Priority:**
1. AVIF (best compression, newer browser support)
2. WebP (great compression, wide support)
3. JPG/PNG (fallback for older browsers)
### When to Use Each Format
- **AVIF**: Modern browsers, best compression
- **WebP**: Wide browser support, excellent compression
- **JPG**: Photos and complex images, universal fallback
- **PNG**: Images with transparency, graphics
- **SVG**: Icons, logos, simple graphics
## Responsive Images
### Sizes Attribute
```astro
<Image
src={heroImage}
alt="Responsive image"
widths={[400, 800, 1200]}
sizes="(max-width: 640px) 400px, (max-width: 1024px) 800px, 1200px"
/>
```
### Common Size Patterns
```astro
<!-- Full width on mobile, fixed width on desktop -->
sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 800px"
<!-- Two columns on tablet, three on desktop -->
sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1024px) 50vw, 33vw"
<!-- Sidebar layout -->
sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, (max-width: 1200px) 75vw, 900px"
```
## Images in Content Collections
### Frontmatter with Local Images
```markdown
---
title: 'My Post'
heroImage: './images/hero.jpg'
---
Content here...
```
### Schema for Image Fields
```typescript
import { defineCollection, z } from 'astro:content';
const blog = defineCollection({
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
heroImage: z.string().optional(),
images: z.array(z.object({
src: z.string(),
alt: z.string()
})).optional()
})
});
```
### Rendering Collection Images
```astro
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import { getEntry } from 'astro:content';
const post = await getEntry('blog', 'my-post');
const images = import.meta.glob('./src/content/blog/**/*.{jpg,png}');
const heroImage = images[`./src/content/blog/${post.data.heroImage}`];
---
<Image src={heroImage()} alt={post.data.title} />
```
## SVG Handling
### Inline SVG as Component
```astro
---
import Logo from './images/logo.svg';
---
<Logo width={200} height={50} />
```
### SVG with Props
```astro
---
import Icon from './icons/arrow.svg';
---
<Icon
width={24}
height={24}
fill="currentColor"
class="inline-icon"
/>
```
## Accessibility Best Practices
### Descriptive Alt Text
```astro
<!-- Good: Descriptive -->
<Image src={productImg} alt="Red leather backpack with silver zippers" />
<!-- Avoid: Redundant -->
<Image src={productImg} alt="Image of product" />
<!-- Decorative images -->
<Image src={decorativeImg} alt="" />
```
### Alt Text Guidelines
- Describe what the image shows
- Include relevant context
- Keep it concise (under 125 characters)
- Don't say "image of" or "picture of"
- Use `alt=""` only for purely decorative images
- For complex images, provide detailed description nearby
## Performance Optimization
### Lazy Loading
```astro
<Image
src={heroImage}
alt="Hero"
loading="lazy"
/>
```
### Eager Loading for Above-Fold
```astro
<Image
src={heroImage}
alt="Hero"
loading="eager"
fetchpriority="high"
/>
```
### Quality Settings
```astro
<Image
src={heroImage}
alt="Hero"
quality={80} // Default is 80, range: 0-100
/>
```
### Format-Specific Optimization
```astro
<Picture
src={heroImage}
formats={['avif', 'webp']}
alt="Optimized hero"
quality={85}
fallbackFormat="jpg"
/>
```
## Common Patterns
### Hero Image
```astro
---
import { Picture } from 'astro:assets';
import heroImage from './images/hero.jpg';
---
<Picture
src={heroImage}
formats={['avif', 'webp']}
widths={[400, 800, 1200, 1600]}
sizes="100vw"
alt="Welcome to our site"
loading="eager"
fetchpriority="high"
class="hero-image"
/>
```
### Gallery Grid
```astro
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
const galleryImages = await Astro.glob('./images/gallery/*.{jpg,png}');
---
<div class="gallery">
{galleryImages.map((img) => (
<Image
src={img.default}
alt={img.default.alt || 'Gallery image'}
width={400}
height={300}
loading="lazy"
/>
))}
</div>
```
### Blog Post Cover
```astro
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import { getCollection } from 'astro:content';
const posts = await getCollection('blog');
---
{posts.map((post) => (
<article>
{post.data.coverImage && (
<Image
src={post.data.coverImage}
alt={post.data.coverImageAlt || post.data.title}
width={800}
height={450}
loading="lazy"
/>
)}
<h2>{post.data.title}</h2>
</article>
))}
```
### Product Images with Thumbnails
```astro
---
import { Picture } from 'astro:assets';
import mainImage from './products/main.jpg';
import thumb1 from './products/thumb-1.jpg';
import thumb2 from './products/thumb-2.jpg';
---
<div class="product-images">
<Picture
src={mainImage}
formats={['avif', 'webp']}
alt="Product main view"
widths={[400, 800]}
sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 800px"
/>
<div class="thumbnails">
<Image src={thumb1} alt="Side view" width={100} height={100} />
<Image src={thumb2} alt="Detail view" width={100} height={100} />
</div>
</div>
```
## MDX Integration
### Import and Use Images
```mdx
---
title: 'My Post'
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import screenshot from './images/screenshot.png';
import diagram from './images/diagram.svg';
# Article Title
Here's a screenshot:
<Image src={screenshot} alt="Application screenshot showing dashboard" />
And here's a diagram:
<Image src={diagram} alt="Architecture diagram" width={600} />
```
## Configuration Options
### Global Image Config
In `astro.config.mjs`:
```javascript
export default defineConfig({
image: {
service: 'astro/assets/services/sharp', // or 'squoosh'
domains: ['example.com'],
remotePatterns: [
{
protocol: 'https',
hostname: '**.cdn.example.com'
}
]
}
});
```
## Workflow
When adding images:
1. **Choose Storage Location**
- `src/` for optimized images
- `public/` for static assets
2. **Select Component**
- `<Image />` for single format
- `<Picture />` for multiple formats
3. **Determine Optimization**
- Formats needed (avif, webp, jpg)
- Responsive sizes
- Quality settings
4. **Write Alt Text**
- Describe image content
- Provide context
- Consider accessibility
5. **Configure Loading**
- `eager` for above-fold
- `lazy` for below-fold
- Set fetchpriority if needed
6. **Test**
- Check image loads
- Verify responsive behavior
- Validate accessibility
## Definition of Done
- [ ] Images stored in appropriate location (src/ or public/)
- [ ] Correct component used (Image or Picture)
- [ ] Alt text is descriptive and meaningful
- [ ] Responsive sizes configured if needed
- [ ] Format optimization applied (avif, webp)
- [ ] Loading strategy set appropriately
- [ ] Images load correctly in dev server
- [ ] No console errors or warnings
- [ ] Remote domains configured if using external images
- [ ] Image dimensions specified or inferred
## Error Prevention
- Don't forget alt text (it's required)
- Don't use public/ images with Image/Picture components
- Don't use src/ images without imports
- Don't forget to configure remote domains
- Don't use loading="lazy" for above-fold images
- Don't specify incorrect paths in imports
- Don't mix relative and absolute paths
## Tips
- Use Picture for hero images (multiple formats)
- Use Image for thumbnails and smaller images
- Always use avif + webp for modern browsers
- Provide JPG fallback for older browsers
- Use quality={80} as a good default
- Test images on slow connections
- Use proper srcset for responsive images
- Consider art direction for different viewports
- Optimize images before adding to repo
- Use SVG for icons and logos when possible

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# Create New Astro Content Collection
This command guides you through creating a new content collection in an Astro project with proper schema definition, directory structure, and TypeScript integration.
## Instructions
Follow these steps to create a new content collection:
### 1. Gather Requirements
Ask the user for:
- Collection name (e.g., 'blog', 'docs', 'products', 'team')
- Collection purpose (what type of content?)
- Required fields and their types
- Optional fields
- File format preference (markdown, JSON, YAML, etc.)
### 2. Design Schema Fields
Based on the collection purpose, determine appropriate fields:
**For blog/articles:**
- title (string, required)
- description (string, required)
- pubDate (date, required)
- author (string, required)
- tags (array of strings)
- draft (boolean, default false)
- image (object with url and alt)
**For documentation:**
- title (string, required)
- description (string, required)
- sidebar (object with order, label)
- lastUpdated (date, optional)
- contributors (array of strings)
**For products:**
- name (string, required)
- description (string, required)
- price (number, required)
- category (enum)
- features (array of strings)
- inStock (boolean)
- images (array of objects)
**For team members:**
- name (string, required)
- role (string, required)
- bio (string, required)
- avatar (string, required)
- social (object with URLs)
- startDate (date, required)
### 3. Locate or Create Config File
1. Check if config exists:
- Look for `src/content/config.ts`
- Or `src/content.config.ts`
2. If it doesn't exist, create `src/content/config.ts`
3. Ensure imports are present:
```typescript
import { defineCollection, z } from 'astro:content';
import { glob } from 'astro/loaders';
```
### 4. Define Collection Schema
Create the collection definition with appropriate Zod schema:
```typescript
const [collectionName] = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/[collectionName]" }),
schema: z.object({
// Define fields based on requirements
})
});
```
Use appropriate Zod types:
- `z.string()` - Text fields
- `z.number()` - Numeric fields
- `z.boolean()` - True/false fields
- `z.coerce.date()` - Date fields (with auto-conversion)
- `z.array(z.string())` - Arrays
- `z.object({...})` - Nested objects
- `z.enum(['value1', 'value2'])` - Fixed options
- Add `.optional()` for optional fields
- Add `.default(value)` for default values
### 5. Add to Collections Export
Update the export statement:
```typescript
export const collections = {
// existing collections...
[collectionName]: [collectionName]
};
```
### 6. Create Collection Directory
Create the directory structure:
```bash
mkdir -p src/content/[collectionName]
```
### 7. Create Sample Content File
Create a sample file to test the schema:
**For markdown:**
`src/content/[collectionName]/sample.md`
**For JSON:**
`src/content/[collectionName]/sample.json`
**For YAML:**
`src/content/[collectionName]/sample.yml`
Include frontmatter/data that matches the schema.
### 8. Validate Schema
1. Start the dev server: `npm run dev`
2. Check for TypeScript errors
3. Verify the sample file validates correctly
4. Check `.astro/types.d.ts` for generated types
### 9. Document Usage
Create a comment block in the config explaining the collection:
```typescript
/**
* [Collection Name] Collection
*
* Purpose: [Description]
*
* Required fields:
* - field1: description
* - field2: description
*
* Optional fields:
* - field3: description
*/
const [collectionName] = defineCollection({...});
```
### 10. Provide Query Examples
Show the user how to query the new collection:
```typescript
import { getCollection, getEntry } from 'astro:content';
// Get all items
const items = await getCollection('[collectionName]');
// Get published items (if applicable)
const published = await getCollection('[collectionName]', ({ data }) => {
return !data.draft;
});
// Get single item
const item = await getEntry('[collectionName]', 'slug');
```
## Complete Example
**Collection Config** (`src/content/config.ts`):
```typescript
import { defineCollection, z } from 'astro:content';
import { glob } from 'astro/loaders';
/**
* Blog Posts Collection
*
* Stores blog articles and tutorials
*/
const blog = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/blog" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string().max(80),
description: z.string().max(160),
pubDate: z.coerce.date(),
updatedDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
author: z.string(),
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
draft: z.boolean().default(false),
featured: z.boolean().default(false),
image: z.object({
url: z.string(),
alt: z.string()
}).optional()
})
});
/**
* Documentation Collection
*
* Technical documentation and guides
*/
const docs = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.mdx", base: "./src/content/docs" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
sidebar: z.object({
order: z.number(),
label: z.string().optional(),
hidden: z.boolean().default(false)
}).optional(),
lastUpdated: z.coerce.date().optional(),
contributors: z.array(z.string()).default([])
})
});
export const collections = { blog, docs };
```
**Sample Blog Post** (`src/content/blog/first-post.md`):
```markdown
---
title: 'My First Post'
description: 'This is my first blog post'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
author: 'John Doe'
tags: ['intro', 'blogging']
draft: false
featured: true
---
# Hello World
This is my first post!
```
## Definition of Done
- [ ] Collection requirements gathered from user
- [ ] Schema fields identified and typed
- [ ] Config file located or created
- [ ] Collection definition added with proper schema
- [ ] Loader configured for correct file pattern
- [ ] Zod types match requirements
- [ ] Collection exported in collections object
- [ ] Collection directory created
- [ ] Sample content file created
- [ ] Sample file validates against schema
- [ ] Dev server starts without errors
- [ ] TypeScript types generated correctly
- [ ] Documentation comments added
- [ ] Query examples provided to user
## Schema Best Practices
### String Validation
```typescript
title: z.string().min(1).max(100)
email: z.string().email()
url: z.string().url()
slug: z.string().regex(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/)
```
### Number Validation
```typescript
price: z.number().positive()
age: z.number().int().min(0).max(120)
rating: z.number().min(1).max(5)
```
### Dates
```typescript
pubDate: z.coerce.date() // Converts strings to Date
deadline: z.date() // Requires Date object
```
### Arrays
```typescript
tags: z.array(z.string()).min(1) // At least one
images: z.array(z.string()).max(10) // Maximum 10
authors: z.array(z.string()).default([])
```
### Enums
```typescript
status: z.enum(['draft', 'published', 'archived'])
priority: z.enum(['low', 'medium', 'high'])
```
### Optional Fields
```typescript
subtitle: z.string().optional()
updatedDate: z.coerce.date().optional()
```
### Default Values
```typescript
draft: z.boolean().default(false)
views: z.number().default(0)
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([])
```
### Nested Objects
```typescript
author: z.object({
name: z.string(),
email: z.string().email(),
url: z.string().url().optional()
})
```
### Records (Dynamic Keys)
```typescript
metadata: z.record(z.string()) // Any string keys
settings: z.record(z.boolean()) // Boolean values
```
## Loader Patterns
### Markdown Files
```typescript
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/blog" })
```
### MDX Files
```typescript
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.mdx", base: "./src/content/docs" })
```
### Multiple Formats
```typescript
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.{md,mdx}", base: "./src/content/mixed" })
```
### JSON Files
```typescript
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.json", base: "./src/content/data" })
```
### YAML Files
```typescript
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.{yml,yaml}", base: "./src/content/config" })
```
### Single File
```typescript
loader: file("src/data/settings.json")
```
## Common Collection Types
### Blog
```typescript
const blog = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/blog" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
pubDate: z.coerce.date(),
author: z.string(),
tags: z.array(z.string()),
draft: z.boolean().default(false)
})
});
```
### Portfolio Projects
```typescript
const projects = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/projects" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
technologies: z.array(z.string()),
liveUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
githubUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
thumbnail: z.string(),
date: z.coerce.date()
})
});
```
### Product Catalog
```typescript
const products = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.json", base: "./src/content/products" }),
schema: z.object({
name: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
price: z.number().positive(),
category: z.enum(['software', 'hardware', 'service']),
features: z.array(z.string()),
inStock: z.boolean()
})
});
```
## Error Prevention
- Always use `z.coerce.date()` for date strings
- Provide defaults for booleans and arrays
- Use enums for fixed value sets
- Validate URLs and emails with built-in validators
- Test schema with sample content first
- Restart dev server after schema changes
- Export all collections in the collections object
- Use consistent naming (kebab-case for directories)
## Tips
- Start with required fields, add optional later
- Use TypeScript comments for documentation
- Create sample content immediately
- Test validation with invalid data
- Consider future needs when designing schema
- Use subdirectories for organization
- Keep schemas focused and specific
- Reuse common patterns across collections

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# Create New Astro Blog Post
This command guides you through creating a new blog post for an Astro site with proper frontmatter, content structure, and collection compliance.
## Instructions
Follow these steps to create a new blog post:
### 1. Gather Information
Ask the user for the following details (if not already provided):
- Post title
- Post description (for SEO)
- Author name
- Tags (comma-separated or array)
- Whether to create a draft or published post
- Target collection (default: 'blog')
### 2. Check Collection Schema
Before creating the post:
1. Look for the content collection configuration:
- Check `src/content/config.ts`
- Or check `src/content.config.ts`
2. Review the schema for the target collection (usually 'blog')
3. Note all required and optional fields
4. Identify the data types for each field
### 3. Generate Slug
Create a URL-friendly slug from the title:
- Convert to lowercase
- Replace spaces with hyphens
- Remove special characters
- Example: "My First Post!" → "my-first-post"
### 4. Determine File Location
Based on the project structure:
- Collection-based: `src/content/blog/[slug].md`
- Page-based: `src/pages/blog/[slug].md`
Check existing posts to determine the correct location.
### 5. Create Frontmatter
Build frontmatter matching the schema. Common fields:
```yaml
---
title: 'Post Title Here'
description: 'SEO-friendly description'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
author: 'Author Name'
tags: ['astro', 'blogging', 'tutorial']
draft: false
image:
url: './images/cover.jpg'
alt: 'Image description'
---
```
Adapt based on the actual schema found in step 2.
### 6. Create Starter Content
Add initial markdown content:
```markdown
# Introduction
Start writing your post here...
## Main Section
Content goes here.
## Conclusion
Wrap up your thoughts.
```
### 7. Handle Images (Optional)
If the user wants to include images:
1. Create an `images/` directory next to the post (if it doesn't exist)
2. Note the image paths in frontmatter
3. Provide guidance on image placement
### 8. Write the File
Create the file with:
- Complete frontmatter
- Starter content structure
- Proper formatting
### 9. Validate
After creating the file:
1. Check that all required schema fields are present
2. Verify the file path is correct
3. Ensure frontmatter is valid YAML
4. Confirm dates are in correct format
### 10. Next Steps
Inform the user:
- File location
- How to add images (if applicable)
- How to preview: `npm run dev`
- How to build: `npm run build`
## Example Output
**For a collection-based blog:**
File: `src/content/blog/getting-started-with-astro.md`
```markdown
---
title: 'Getting Started with Astro'
description: 'Learn the basics of building fast websites with Astro'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
author: 'John Doe'
tags: ['astro', 'tutorial', 'getting-started']
draft: false
---
# Introduction
Welcome to this comprehensive guide on getting started with Astro!
## What is Astro?
Astro is a modern web framework...
## Setting Up Your First Project
Let's walk through the setup process...
## Conclusion
You've learned the basics of Astro. Happy building!
```
## Definition of Done
- [ ] User requirements gathered (title, description, etc.)
- [ ] Collection schema reviewed and understood
- [ ] Slug generated from title
- [ ] Correct file location determined
- [ ] Frontmatter created matching schema
- [ ] All required fields included
- [ ] Dates in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD)
- [ ] Starter content added
- [ ] File created successfully
- [ ] Validation passed (schema compliance)
- [ ] User informed of next steps
## Important Notes
- Always check the existing collection schema before creating frontmatter
- Use ISO date format: `2024-01-15` or `2024-01-15T10:00:00Z`
- Ensure tags are arrays: `['tag1', 'tag2']` not `'tag1, tag2'`
- Use proper YAML syntax (quoted strings, correct indentation)
- Don't include `layout` field for content collection posts
- Do include `layout` field for page-based posts
## Error Prevention
- Verify collection name exists in config
- Check all required fields are present
- Validate date format
- Ensure proper YAML syntax
- Don't mix collection and page patterns
- Test with `npm run dev` after creation

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# Astro DB Patterns Skill
Common patterns and examples for using Astro DB, including schema design, queries, and data seeding.
## When to Use This Skill
- Setting up Astro DB in a project
- Designing database schemas
- Writing queries with Drizzle ORM
- Seeding development data
- Building API endpoints with database access
## Database Setup
### Install Astro DB
```bash
npx astro add db
```
### Configuration File
Create `db/config.ts`:
```typescript
import { defineDb, defineTable, column } from 'astro:db';
const MyTable = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
// ... other columns
}
});
export default defineDb({
tables: { MyTable }
});
```
## Column Types
### Text Columns
```typescript
// Basic text
name: column.text()
// Unique text
email: column.text({ unique: true })
// Optional text
bio: column.text({ optional: true })
// Text with default
status: column.text({ default: 'active' })
```
### Number Columns
```typescript
// Basic number
age: column.number()
// Primary key
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true })
// Optional number
rating: column.number({ optional: true })
// Number with default
views: column.number({ default: 0 })
// Unique number
userId: column.number({ unique: true })
```
### Boolean Columns
```typescript
// Basic boolean
published: column.boolean()
// Boolean with default
active: column.boolean({ default: true })
featured: column.boolean({ default: false })
// Optional boolean
verified: column.boolean({ optional: true })
```
### Date Columns
```typescript
// Basic date
createdAt: column.date()
// Optional date
publishedAt: column.date({ optional: true })
// Date with default (requires runtime value)
updatedAt: column.date({ default: new Date() })
```
### JSON Columns
```typescript
// JSON data
metadata: column.json()
// JSON with default
settings: column.json({ default: {} })
options: column.json({ default: [] })
// Optional JSON
extra: column.json({ optional: true })
```
## Common Schema Patterns
### Blog Database
```typescript
import { defineDb, defineTable, column } from 'astro:db';
const Author = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
name: column.text(),
email: column.text({ unique: true }),
bio: column.text({ optional: true }),
avatar: column.text({ optional: true }),
website: column.text({ optional: true }),
createdAt: column.date()
}
});
const Post = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
title: column.text(),
slug: column.text({ unique: true }),
content: column.text(),
excerpt: column.text({ optional: true }),
published: column.boolean({ default: false }),
publishedAt: column.date({ optional: true }),
updatedAt: column.date({ optional: true }),
authorId: column.number(),
views: column.number({ default: 0 }),
featured: column.boolean({ default: false })
}
});
const Tag = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
name: column.text({ unique: true }),
slug: column.text({ unique: true })
}
});
const PostTag = defineTable({
columns: {
postId: column.number(),
tagId: column.number()
}
});
const Comment = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
postId: column.number(),
author: column.text(),
email: column.text(),
content: column.text(),
approved: column.boolean({ default: false }),
createdAt: column.date()
}
});
export default defineDb({
tables: { Author, Post, Tag, PostTag, Comment }
});
```
### E-commerce Database
```typescript
const Product = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
name: column.text(),
slug: column.text({ unique: true }),
description: column.text(),
price: column.number(),
salePrice: column.number({ optional: true }),
sku: column.text({ unique: true }),
inStock: column.boolean({ default: true }),
quantity: column.number({ default: 0 }),
categoryId: column.number(),
images: column.json({ default: [] }),
createdAt: column.date()
}
});
const Category = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
name: column.text(),
slug: column.text({ unique: true }),
description: column.text({ optional: true }),
parentId: column.number({ optional: true })
}
});
const Order = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
orderNumber: column.text({ unique: true }),
customerId: column.number(),
total: column.number(),
status: column.text({ default: 'pending' }),
createdAt: column.date(),
completedAt: column.date({ optional: true })
}
});
const OrderItem = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
orderId: column.number(),
productId: column.number(),
quantity: column.number(),
price: column.number()
}
});
export default defineDb({
tables: { Product, Category, Order, OrderItem }
});
```
### User Management Database
```typescript
const User = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.number({ primaryKey: true }),
username: column.text({ unique: true }),
email: column.text({ unique: true }),
passwordHash: column.text(),
firstName: column.text(),
lastName: column.text(),
role: column.text({ default: 'user' }),
active: column.boolean({ default: true }),
emailVerified: column.boolean({ default: false }),
lastLogin: column.date({ optional: true }),
createdAt: column.date()
}
});
const Session = defineTable({
columns: {
id: column.text({ primaryKey: true }),
userId: column.number(),
expiresAt: column.date(),
createdAt: column.date()
}
});
const UserProfile = defineTable({
columns: {
userId: column.number({ unique: true }),
bio: column.text({ optional: true }),
avatar: column.text({ optional: true }),
location: column.text({ optional: true }),
website: column.text({ optional: true }),
social: column.json({ default: {} })
}
});
export default defineDb({
tables: { User, Session, UserProfile }
});
```
## Data Seeding
### Basic Seed File
Create `db/seed.ts`:
```typescript
import { db, Author, Post, Tag } from 'astro:db';
export default async function seed() {
// Insert authors
await db.insert(Author).values([
{
id: 1,
name: 'John Doe',
email: 'john@example.com',
bio: 'Tech enthusiast and blogger',
createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01')
},
{
id: 2,
name: 'Jane Smith',
email: 'jane@example.com',
bio: 'Software developer',
createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01')
}
]);
// Insert tags
await db.insert(Tag).values([
{ id: 1, name: 'Astro', slug: 'astro' },
{ id: 2, name: 'JavaScript', slug: 'javascript' },
{ id: 3, name: 'Tutorial', slug: 'tutorial' }
]);
// Insert posts
await db.insert(Post).values([
{
id: 1,
title: 'Getting Started with Astro',
slug: 'getting-started-astro',
content: 'Full post content here...',
excerpt: 'Learn the basics of Astro',
published: true,
publishedAt: new Date('2024-01-15'),
authorId: 1,
views: 150,
featured: true
},
{
id: 2,
title: 'Advanced Astro Patterns',
slug: 'advanced-astro',
content: 'Advanced content...',
published: false,
authorId: 2,
views: 0
}
]);
}
```
### Seed with Relationships
```typescript
import { db, Post, Tag, PostTag, Comment } from 'astro:db';
export default async function seed() {
// ... insert posts and tags ...
// Link posts to tags (many-to-many)
await db.insert(PostTag).values([
{ postId: 1, tagId: 1 }, // Post 1 -> Astro
{ postId: 1, tagId: 3 }, // Post 1 -> Tutorial
{ postId: 2, tagId: 1 }, // Post 2 -> Astro
{ postId: 2, tagId: 2 } // Post 2 -> JavaScript
]);
// Add comments
await db.insert(Comment).values([
{
id: 1,
postId: 1,
author: 'Reader',
email: 'reader@example.com',
content: 'Great post!',
approved: true,
createdAt: new Date()
}
]);
}
```
## Query Patterns
### Select All
```typescript
import { db, Post } from 'astro:db';
const allPosts = await db.select().from(Post);
```
### Select with Filter
```typescript
import { db, Post, eq } from 'astro:db';
// Published posts
const publishedPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(eq(Post.published, true));
// Post by slug
const post = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(eq(Post.slug, 'my-post'))
.get(); // Returns single result or undefined
```
### Multiple Conditions
```typescript
import { db, Post, eq, gt, and, or } from 'astro:db';
// AND condition
const featuredPublished = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(and(
eq(Post.published, true),
eq(Post.featured, true)
));
// OR condition
const popularOrFeatured = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(or(
gt(Post.views, 1000),
eq(Post.featured, true)
));
```
### Comparison Operators
```typescript
import { db, Post, gt, gte, lt, lte, ne, like } from 'astro:db';
// Greater than
const popularPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(gt(Post.views, 100));
// Greater than or equal
const recentPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(gte(Post.publishedAt, new Date('2024-01-01')));
// Less than
const drafts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(lt(Post.views, 10));
// Not equal
const notDrafts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(ne(Post.published, false));
// LIKE pattern matching
const astroPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(like(Post.title, '%Astro%'));
```
### Ordering Results
```typescript
import { db, Post, desc, asc } from 'astro:db';
// Descending order
const latestPosts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.orderBy(desc(Post.publishedAt));
// Ascending order
const oldestFirst = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.orderBy(asc(Post.createdAt));
// Multiple order columns
const sorted = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.orderBy(desc(Post.featured), desc(Post.publishedAt));
```
### Limit and Offset
```typescript
import { db, Post, desc } from 'astro:db';
// Latest 10 posts
const latest = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.orderBy(desc(Post.publishedAt))
.limit(10);
// Pagination
const page = 2;
const perPage = 10;
const paginated = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.limit(perPage)
.offset((page - 1) * perPage);
```
### Joins
```typescript
import { db, Post, Author, eq } from 'astro:db';
// Inner join
const postsWithAuthors = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.innerJoin(Author, eq(Post.authorId, Author.id));
// Access joined data
postsWithAuthors.forEach(row => {
console.log(row.Post.title);
console.log(row.Author.name);
});
```
### Complex Join Query
```typescript
import { db, Post, Author, Tag, PostTag, eq } from 'astro:db';
// Posts with authors and tags
const postsWithDetails = await db
.select({
post: Post,
author: Author,
tag: Tag
})
.from(Post)
.innerJoin(Author, eq(Post.authorId, Author.id))
.innerJoin(PostTag, eq(Post.id, PostTag.postId))
.innerJoin(Tag, eq(PostTag.tagId, Tag.id));
```
## Insert, Update, Delete
### Insert Single Record
```typescript
import { db, Post } from 'astro:db';
await db.insert(Post).values({
title: 'New Post',
slug: 'new-post',
content: 'Content here',
authorId: 1,
published: false
});
```
### Insert Multiple Records
```typescript
await db.insert(Tag).values([
{ name: 'Tag 1', slug: 'tag-1' },
{ name: 'Tag 2', slug: 'tag-2' },
{ name: 'Tag 3', slug: 'tag-3' }
]);
```
### Update Records
```typescript
import { db, Post, eq } from 'astro:db';
// Update single field
await db
.update(Post)
.set({ views: 100 })
.where(eq(Post.id, 1));
// Update multiple fields
await db
.update(Post)
.set({
published: true,
publishedAt: new Date(),
updatedAt: new Date()
})
.where(eq(Post.slug, 'my-post'));
```
### Delete Records
```typescript
import { db, Post, Comment, eq, lt } from 'astro:db';
// Delete by ID
await db
.delete(Post)
.where(eq(Post.id, 1));
// Delete with condition
await db
.delete(Comment)
.where(lt(Comment.createdAt, new Date('2024-01-01')));
```
## API Endpoint Patterns
### GET All Items
```typescript
// src/pages/api/posts.json.ts
import type { APIRoute } from 'astro';
import { db, Post, desc } from 'astro:db';
export const GET: APIRoute = async () => {
const posts = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.orderBy(desc(Post.publishedAt));
return new Response(JSON.stringify(posts), {
status: 200,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
};
```
### GET Single Item
```typescript
// src/pages/api/posts/[slug].json.ts
import type { APIRoute } from 'astro';
import { db, Post, eq } from 'astro:db';
export const GET: APIRoute = async ({ params }) => {
const post = await db
.select()
.from(Post)
.where(eq(Post.slug, params.slug))
.get();
if (!post) {
return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Not found' }), {
status: 404,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
}
return new Response(JSON.stringify(post), {
status: 200,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
};
```
### POST Create Item
```typescript
// src/pages/api/posts.json.ts
import type { APIRoute } from 'astro';
import { db, Post } from 'astro:db';
export const POST: APIRoute = async ({ request }) => {
try {
const data = await request.json();
await db.insert(Post).values({
title: data.title,
slug: data.slug,
content: data.content,
authorId: data.authorId,
published: false,
createdAt: new Date()
});
return new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: true }), {
status: 201,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
} catch (error) {
return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: error.message }), {
status: 500,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
}
};
```
### PUT/PATCH Update Item
```typescript
// src/pages/api/posts/[id].json.ts
import type { APIRoute } from 'astro';
import { db, Post, eq } from 'astro:db';
export const PUT: APIRoute = async ({ params, request }) => {
const data = await request.json();
const id = parseInt(params.id);
await db
.update(Post)
.set({
...data,
updatedAt: new Date()
})
.where(eq(Post.id, id));
return new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: true }), {
status: 200,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});
};
```
### DELETE Item
```typescript
export const DELETE: APIRoute = async ({ params }) => {
const id = parseInt(params.id);
await db.delete(Post).where(eq(Post.id, id));
return new Response(null, { status: 204 });
};
```
## Production Deployment
### Environment Variables
```env
# .env
ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL=libsql://your-db.turso.io
ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN=your-auth-token
```
### Push Schema to Production
```bash
astro db push --remote
```
### Verify Remote Connection
```bash
astro db verify --remote
```
## Best Practices
1. **Use Primary Keys**: Always define a primary key for each table
2. **Unique Constraints**: Use `unique: true` for fields like email, slug
3. **Default Values**: Provide sensible defaults for boolean/number fields
4. **Optional Fields**: Mark truly optional fields with `optional: true`
5. **Indexing**: Use unique constraints for fields you'll query often
6. **Relationships**: Use foreign keys (number columns) to link tables
7. **Dates**: Always use `column.date()` for timestamp fields
8. **JSON**: Use JSON columns for flexible/nested data
9. **Naming**: Use consistent naming (camelCase for columns, PascalCase for tables)
10. **Seeding**: Keep seed data representative and minimal
## Tips
- Dev server auto-restarts on schema changes
- Check `.astro/content.db` for local database
- Use `.get()` for single results, omit for arrays
- Drizzle ORM provides type-safe queries
- Test queries in seed file first
- Use transactions for related inserts
- Consider indexes for frequently queried fields
- Migrate carefully in production

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# Astro Frontmatter Schemas Skill
Common Zod schema patterns and frontmatter examples for Astro content collections.
## When to Use This Skill
- Designing content collection schemas
- Creating frontmatter for markdown files
- Validating content structure
- Setting up type-safe content
## Common Schema Patterns
### Blog Post Schema
```typescript
import { defineCollection, z } from 'astro:content';
import { glob } from 'astro/loaders';
const blog = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/blog" }),
schema: z.object({
// Core Fields
title: z.string().max(80),
description: z.string().max(160),
pubDate: z.coerce.date(),
updatedDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
// Author
author: z.string(),
authorUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
// Categorization
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
category: z.enum(['tutorial', 'news', 'guide', 'review']).optional(),
// Publishing
draft: z.boolean().default(false),
featured: z.boolean().default(false),
// Media
image: z.object({
url: z.string(),
alt: z.string()
}).optional(),
// SEO
canonicalURL: z.string().url().optional(),
// Metadata
readingTime: z.number().optional(),
relatedPosts: z.array(z.string()).default([])
})
});
```
**Corresponding Frontmatter:**
```yaml
---
title: 'Getting Started with Astro'
description: 'Learn the fundamentals of building fast websites with Astro'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
updatedDate: 2024-01-20
author: 'John Doe'
authorUrl: 'https://example.com/john'
tags: ['astro', 'tutorial', 'web-dev']
category: 'tutorial'
draft: false
featured: true
image:
url: './images/hero.jpg'
alt: 'Astro logo with stars'
canonicalURL: 'https://example.com/blog/getting-started'
readingTime: 8
relatedPosts: ['advanced-astro', 'astro-tips']
---
```
### Documentation Schema
```typescript
const docs = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.mdx", base: "./src/content/docs" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
// Sidebar
sidebar: z.object({
order: z.number(),
label: z.string().optional(),
hidden: z.boolean().default(false),
badge: z.string().optional()
}).optional(),
// Status
lastUpdated: z.coerce.date().optional(),
version: z.string().optional(),
deprecated: z.boolean().default(false),
// Contributors
contributors: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
// Navigation
prev: z.object({
text: z.string(),
link: z.string()
}).optional(),
next: z.object({
text: z.string(),
link: z.string()
}).optional(),
// Table of Contents
tableOfContents: z.boolean().default(true),
tocDepth: z.number().min(1).max(6).default(3)
})
});
```
**Corresponding Frontmatter:**
```yaml
---
title: 'API Reference'
description: 'Complete API documentation for the core library'
sidebar:
order: 2
label: 'API Docs'
hidden: false
badge: 'New'
lastUpdated: 2024-01-20
version: '2.1.0'
deprecated: false
contributors: ['john-doe', 'jane-smith']
prev:
text: 'Installation'
link: '/docs/installation'
next:
text: 'Configuration'
link: '/docs/configuration'
tableOfContents: true
tocDepth: 3
---
```
### Product Schema
```typescript
const products = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.json", base: "./src/content/products" }),
schema: z.object({
// Basic Info
name: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
shortDescription: z.string().max(100).optional(),
// Pricing
price: z.number().positive(),
currency: z.string().default('USD'),
salePrice: z.number().positive().optional(),
// Categorization
category: z.enum(['software', 'hardware', 'service', 'digital']),
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
// Inventory
sku: z.string(),
inStock: z.boolean().default(true),
quantity: z.number().int().min(0).optional(),
// Features
features: z.array(z.string()),
specifications: z.record(z.string()).optional(),
// Media
images: z.array(z.object({
url: z.string(),
alt: z.string(),
primary: z.boolean().default(false)
})),
// Rating
rating: z.number().min(0).max(5).optional(),
reviewCount: z.number().int().min(0).default(0)
})
});
```
**Corresponding JSON:**
```json
{
"name": "Premium Web Hosting",
"description": "Fast, reliable web hosting with 99.9% uptime",
"shortDescription": "Premium hosting solution",
"price": 29.99,
"currency": "USD",
"salePrice": 19.99,
"category": "service",
"tags": ["hosting", "cloud", "premium"],
"sku": "HOST-001",
"inStock": true,
"quantity": 100,
"features": [
"99.9% uptime guarantee",
"Free SSL certificate",
"24/7 support"
],
"specifications": {
"storage": "100GB SSD",
"bandwidth": "Unlimited",
"domains": "1"
},
"images": [
{
"url": "/images/hosting-main.jpg",
"alt": "Server rack",
"primary": true
}
],
"rating": 4.5,
"reviewCount": 127
}
```
### Team Member Schema
```typescript
const team = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.yml", base: "./src/content/team" }),
schema: z.object({
name: z.string(),
role: z.string(),
department: z.enum(['engineering', 'design', 'marketing', 'sales']).optional(),
bio: z.string(),
avatar: z.string(),
social: z.object({
twitter: z.string().url().optional(),
github: z.string().url().optional(),
linkedin: z.string().url().optional(),
website: z.string().url().optional()
}).optional(),
startDate: z.coerce.date(),
location: z.string().optional(),
skills: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
featured: z.boolean().default(false)
})
});
```
**Corresponding YAML:**
```yaml
name: 'Jane Smith'
role: 'Senior Software Engineer'
department: 'engineering'
bio: 'Full-stack developer with 10 years experience building scalable web applications.'
avatar: '/images/team/jane.jpg'
social:
twitter: 'https://twitter.com/janesmith'
github: 'https://github.com/janesmith'
linkedin: 'https://linkedin.com/in/janesmith'
website: 'https://janesmith.dev'
startDate: 2020-03-15
location: 'San Francisco, CA'
skills: ['TypeScript', 'React', 'Node.js', 'AWS']
featured: true
```
### Project/Portfolio Schema
```typescript
const projects = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/projects" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
description: z.string(),
technologies: z.array(z.string()),
liveUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
githubUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
demoUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
thumbnail: z.string(),
images: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
date: z.coerce.date(),
endDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
status: z.enum(['active', 'completed', 'archived']).default('active'),
featured: z.boolean().default(false),
client: z.string().optional(),
team: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([])
})
});
```
**Corresponding Frontmatter:**
```yaml
---
title: 'E-commerce Platform Redesign'
description: 'Complete redesign and modernization of legacy e-commerce platform'
technologies: ['React', 'Next.js', 'TypeScript', 'Tailwind CSS', 'PostgreSQL']
liveUrl: 'https://shop.example.com'
githubUrl: 'https://github.com/example/shop'
thumbnail: './images/shop-thumb.jpg'
images:
- './images/shop-1.jpg'
- './images/shop-2.jpg'
- './images/shop-3.jpg'
date: 2023-06-01
endDate: 2023-12-15
status: 'completed'
featured: true
client: 'Example Corp'
team: ['john-doe', 'jane-smith']
tags: ['web-dev', 'e-commerce', 'react']
---
```
## Zod Validation Patterns
### String Validation
```typescript
// Basic string
title: z.string()
// Length constraints
title: z.string().min(1).max(100)
description: z.string().max(500)
// Email validation
email: z.string().email()
// URL validation
website: z.string().url()
// Regex pattern
slug: z.string().regex(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/)
phone: z.string().regex(/^\+?[1-9]\d{1,14}$/)
// Specific values
status: z.string().refine(val => ['draft', 'published'].includes(val))
```
### Number Validation
```typescript
// Basic number
count: z.number()
// Integer only
age: z.number().int()
// Positive numbers
price: z.number().positive()
// Range
rating: z.number().min(1).max(5)
percentage: z.number().min(0).max(100)
// With coercion (converts strings)
views: z.coerce.number()
```
### Date Validation
```typescript
// With coercion (recommended)
pubDate: z.coerce.date()
// Strict date object
deadline: z.date()
// Date range
startDate: z.coerce.date()
endDate: z.coerce.date().refine(
(date) => date > startDate,
"End date must be after start date"
)
```
### Array Validation
```typescript
// Array of strings
tags: z.array(z.string())
// Minimum items
tags: z.array(z.string()).min(1)
// Maximum items
images: z.array(z.string()).max(10)
// Default value
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([])
// Array of objects
authors: z.array(z.object({
name: z.string(),
email: z.string().email()
}))
```
### Object Validation
```typescript
// Nested object
author: z.object({
name: z.string(),
email: z.string().email(),
url: z.string().url().optional()
})
// Record (dynamic keys)
metadata: z.record(z.string())
settings: z.record(z.boolean())
// Partial object (all fields optional)
options: z.object({
theme: z.string(),
color: z.string()
}).partial()
```
### Enum Validation
```typescript
// Fixed set of values
status: z.enum(['draft', 'published', 'archived'])
priority: z.enum(['low', 'medium', 'high'])
category: z.enum(['news', 'tutorial', 'guide'])
```
### Boolean Validation
```typescript
// Basic boolean
published: z.boolean()
// With default
draft: z.boolean().default(false)
featured: z.boolean().default(false)
```
### Optional and Default Values
```typescript
// Optional field
subtitle: z.string().optional()
updatedDate: z.coerce.date().optional()
// With default value
draft: z.boolean().default(false)
views: z.number().default(0)
tags: z.array(z.string()).default([])
```
### Union Types
```typescript
// Multiple possible types
content: z.union([
z.string(),
z.object({ html: z.string() })
])
// Discriminated union
media: z.discriminatedUnion('type', [
z.object({
type: z.literal('image'),
url: z.string(),
alt: z.string()
}),
z.object({
type: z.literal('video'),
url: z.string(),
duration: z.number()
})
])
```
## Best Practices
1. **Use z.coerce.date()** for date strings in frontmatter
2. **Provide defaults** for booleans and arrays
3. **Use enums** for fixed sets of values
4. **Validate formats** with built-in validators (email, url)
5. **Add constraints** (min, max) for better validation
6. **Use optional()** for truly optional fields
7. **Document schemas** with TypeScript comments
8. **Keep schemas DRY** by extracting common patterns
## Common Frontmatter Patterns
### Minimal Blog Post
```yaml
---
title: 'Post Title'
description: 'Post description'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
author: 'Author Name'
tags: ['tag1', 'tag2']
---
```
### Full-Featured Blog Post
```yaml
---
title: 'Comprehensive Post Title'
description: 'Detailed SEO-optimized description'
pubDate: 2024-01-15
updatedDate: 2024-01-20
author: 'Author Name'
authorUrl: 'https://author.com'
tags: ['web-dev', 'tutorial']
category: 'tutorial'
draft: false
featured: true
image:
url: './hero.jpg'
alt: 'Hero image description'
canonicalURL: 'https://example.com/original'
readingTime: 10
relatedPosts: ['post-1', 'post-2']
---
```
### Documentation Page
```yaml
---
title: 'Getting Started'
description: 'Introduction to the framework'
sidebar:
order: 1
label: 'Intro'
lastUpdated: 2024-01-15
contributors: ['john', 'jane']
tableOfContents: true
---
```
### Product (JSON)
```json
{
"name": "Product Name",
"description": "Product description",
"price": 99.99,
"category": "software",
"sku": "PROD-001",
"inStock": true,
"features": ["Feature 1", "Feature 2"],
"images": [
{ "url": "/img.jpg", "alt": "Product", "primary": true }
]
}
```
## Tips
- Always match frontmatter to schema exactly
- Use ISO date format: `2024-01-15`
- Quote strings with special characters
- Use arrays for multiple values: `['tag1', 'tag2']`
- Nest objects with proper indentation
- Test with sample content first
- Check generated types in `.astro/types.d.ts`