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---
name: Testing Webapps
description: Toolkit for interacting with and testing local web applications using Playwright. Supports verifying frontend functionality, debugging UI behavior, capturing browser screenshots, and viewing browser logs.
license: Complete terms in LICENSE.txt
---
# Web Application Testing
Write native Python Playwright scripts to test local webapps.
**Helper**: `scripts/with_server.py` manages server lifecycle. Run with `--help` first.
## Approach
**Static HTML**: Read file → identify selectors → write script
**Dynamic webapp**:
- Server not running: Use `with_server.py`
- Server running: Navigate → wait networkidle → inspect → act
## Server Management
```bash
# Single server
python scripts/with_server.py --server "npm run dev" --port 5173 -- python automation.py
# Multiple servers
python scripts/with_server.py \
--server "cd backend && python server.py" --port 3000 \
--server "cd frontend && npm run dev" --port 5173 \
-- python automation.py
```
## Script Patterns
**Automation**:
```python
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto('http://localhost:5173')
page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle') # CRITICAL for dynamic apps
# automation logic here
browser.close()
```
**Reconnaissance**:
```python
page.screenshot(path='/tmp/inspect.png', full_page=True)
page.content() # Get HTML
page.locator('button').all() # Find elements
```
## Headless Mode + Trace Viewer (Recommended for macOS)
**Problem**: Headed mode steals window focus on macOS, disrupting workflow.
**Solution**: Run headless with trace recording:
```python
import os
headless = os.getenv('HEADED') != '1' # Default headless, override with HEADED=1
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=headless)
context = browser.new_context()
context.tracing.start(screenshots=True, snapshots=True, sources=True)
page = context.new_page()
# ... test code ...
# Save trace on completion
context.tracing.stop(path="/tmp/trace_testname_SUCCESS.zip")
```
**Debug traces**:
```bash
playwright show-trace /tmp/trace_testname_SUCCESS.zip
```
**Why better than headed**: Step through at your own pace, inspect DOM at any point, see network requests, no window disruption.
## Selector Best Practices
**Emoji-safe text matching**:
```python
# ❌ Fails with emoji
page.locator('text="Mission Control"')
# ✅ Works with "Mission Control 🚀"
page.locator('text=/Mission Control/')
```
**Button-specific selectors**:
```python
# ❌ Too generic, matches any text
page.locator('text="Create World"')
# ✅ Specific to buttons
page.locator('button:has-text("Create World")')
```
**Form field specificity**:
```python
# ❌ Fragile, matches wrong element
page.locator('textarea').first
# ✅ Specific placeholder
page.locator('textarea[placeholder*="description"]')
page.locator('input[type="text"]').nth(2) # If index matters
```
**Wait for both visible AND enabled**:
```python
button = page.locator('button:has-text("Submit")')
expect(button).to_be_visible(timeout=5000)
expect(button).to_be_enabled(timeout=5000) # Critical for form buttons!
button.click()
```
## Form Testing Pattern
**Rule**: Fill → Wait for enabled → Click
**Wrong order (causes timeouts)**:
```python
# ❌ Button is disabled, causes "element not enabled" timeout
button.click()
textarea.fill("content")
```
**Correct order**:
```python
# ✅ Button becomes enabled after fill
textarea = page.locator('textarea[placeholder="description"]')
expect(textarea).to_be_visible(timeout=5000)
textarea.fill("content")
button = page.locator('button:has-text("Submit")')
expect(button).to_be_enabled(timeout=5000) # Now enabled
button.click()
```
**Why**: Most forms disable submit buttons until validation passes. Always fill first.
## Test Setup: Database State
**Pattern for clean test runs**:
```bash
# Reset database before tests
rm -f backend/database.db
cd backend && python -c "from src.database import init_db; import asyncio; asyncio.run(init_db())"
```
**In test runner**:
```python
from pathlib import Path
import subprocess
def setup_clean_database():
"""Reset database to clean state."""
db_path = Path("backend/database.db")
if db_path.exists():
db_path.unlink()
subprocess.run([
"python", "-c",
"from src.database import init_db; import asyncio; asyncio.run(init_db())"
], cwd="backend")
```
**Why**: Prevents UUID conflicts, UNIQUE constraint violations, and flaky tests from stale data.
## Debugging Triad: Screenshot + Trace + Console
**Always capture all three**:
```python
# Setup
context.tracing.start(screenshots=True, snapshots=True, sources=True)
logs = []
page.on("console", lambda msg: logs.append(f"[{msg.type}] {msg.text}"))
# During test - take screenshots at key steps
page.screenshot(path='/tmp/test_step1.png')
# On failure
context.tracing.stop(path="/tmp/trace_FAILED.zip")
print(f"Console logs (last 20):")
for log in logs[-20:]:
print(f" {log}")
```
**Why each matters**:
- **Screenshots**: Visual state at failure point
- **Trace**: Full interaction timeline, DOM snapshots, network activity
- **Console**: React errors, API failures, JavaScript warnings
**Debugging workflow**:
1. Check console logs for errors first (fastest)
2. View screenshot to understand visual state
3. Open trace with `playwright show-trace` to step through and inspect DOM
## Troubleshooting
### "Fix doesn't work" - Tests still fail after code change
**Symptom**: Fixed a bug but tests still fail with same error.
**Causes & Solutions**:
1. **Frontend hot reload hasn't applied changes**
- Verify file: `grep "new code" file.jsx`
- Check dev server console for reload confirmation
- Hard restart: Kill dev server, `npm run dev`
2. **Browser cache**
- Use `page.goto(..., wait_until='networkidle')`
- Or clear: `context.clear_cookies()`
### Generic selectors match wrong elements
**Symptom**: `textarea.first` or `button.last` fails unexpectedly or matches wrong element.
**Cause**: DOM structure changed or multiple matching elements exist.
**Solution**: Use attribute selectors:
```python
# ❌ Fragile - depends on DOM order
page.locator('textarea').first
# ✅ Robust - matches specific element
page.locator('textarea[placeholder="World description"]')
page.locator('button:has-text("Create")').first # If multiple, be specific
```
### "Element not enabled" timeouts
**Symptom**: `page.click()` times out with "element is not enabled".
**Cause**: Trying to click button before form validation passes.
**Solution**: Fill form first, then wait for enabled:
```python
# Fill all required fields first
input1.fill("value1")
input2.fill("value2")
# Then wait for button to enable
button = page.locator('button:has-text("Submit")')
expect(button).to_be_enabled(timeout=5000)
button.click()
```
## Critical Rules
- **Always** `page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle')` before DOM inspection
- **Default to headless** with trace recording for debugging without window disruption
- **Fill forms before clicking** submit buttons (they're usually disabled)
- **Use specific selectors** with attributes, not generic `.first`/`.last`
- **Capture triad**: screenshots + trace + console logs for debugging
- Close browser when done
- See `examples/` for more patterns

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from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
# Example: Capturing console logs during browser automation
url = 'http://localhost:5173' # Replace with your URL
console_logs = []
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page(viewport={'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
# Set up console log capture
def handle_console_message(msg):
console_logs.append(f"[{msg.type}] {msg.text}")
print(f"Console: [{msg.type}] {msg.text}")
page.on("console", handle_console_message)
# Navigate to page
page.goto(url)
page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle')
# Interact with the page (triggers console logs)
page.click('text=Dashboard')
page.wait_for_timeout(1000)
browser.close()
# Save console logs to file
with open('/mnt/user-data/outputs/console.log', 'w') as f:
f.write('\n'.join(console_logs))
print(f"\nCaptured {len(console_logs)} console messages")
print(f"Logs saved to: /mnt/user-data/outputs/console.log")

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from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
# Example: Discovering buttons and other elements on a page
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page()
# Navigate to page and wait for it to fully load
page.goto('http://localhost:5173')
page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle')
# Discover all buttons on the page
buttons = page.locator('button').all()
print(f"Found {len(buttons)} buttons:")
for i, button in enumerate(buttons):
text = button.inner_text() if button.is_visible() else "[hidden]"
print(f" [{i}] {text}")
# Discover links
links = page.locator('a[href]').all()
print(f"\nFound {len(links)} links:")
for link in links[:5]: # Show first 5
text = link.inner_text().strip()
href = link.get_attribute('href')
print(f" - {text} -> {href}")
# Discover input fields
inputs = page.locator('input, textarea, select').all()
print(f"\nFound {len(inputs)} input fields:")
for input_elem in inputs:
name = input_elem.get_attribute('name') or input_elem.get_attribute('id') or "[unnamed]"
input_type = input_elem.get_attribute('type') or 'text'
print(f" - {name} ({input_type})")
# Take screenshot for visual reference
page.screenshot(path='/tmp/page_discovery.png', full_page=True)
print("\nScreenshot saved to /tmp/page_discovery.png")
browser.close()

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from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import os
# Example: Automating interaction with static HTML files using file:// URLs
html_file_path = os.path.abspath('path/to/your/file.html')
file_url = f'file://{html_file_path}'
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page(viewport={'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
# Navigate to local HTML file
page.goto(file_url)
# Take screenshot
page.screenshot(path='/mnt/user-data/outputs/static_page.png', full_page=True)
# Interact with elements
page.click('text=Click Me')
page.fill('#name', 'John Doe')
page.fill('#email', 'john@example.com')
# Submit form
page.click('button[type="submit"]')
page.wait_for_timeout(500)
# Take final screenshot
page.screenshot(path='/mnt/user-data/outputs/after_submit.png', full_page=True)
browser.close()
print("Static HTML automation completed!")

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Start one or more servers, wait for them to be ready, run a command, then clean up.
Usage:
# Single server
python scripts/with_server.py --server "npm run dev" --port 5173 -- python automation.py
python scripts/with_server.py --server "npm start" --port 3000 -- python test.py
# Multiple servers
python scripts/with_server.py \
--server "cd backend && python server.py" --port 3000 \
--server "cd frontend && npm run dev" --port 5173 \
-- python test.py
"""
import subprocess
import socket
import time
import sys
import argparse
def is_server_ready(port, timeout=30):
"""Wait for server to be ready by polling the port."""
start_time = time.time()
while time.time() - start_time < timeout:
try:
with socket.create_connection(('localhost', port), timeout=1):
return True
except (socket.error, ConnectionRefusedError):
time.sleep(0.5)
return False
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run command with one or more servers')
parser.add_argument('--server', action='append', dest='servers', required=True, help='Server command (can be repeated)')
parser.add_argument('--port', action='append', dest='ports', type=int, required=True, help='Port for each server (must match --server count)')
parser.add_argument('--timeout', type=int, default=30, help='Timeout in seconds per server (default: 30)')
parser.add_argument('command', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help='Command to run after server(s) ready')
args = parser.parse_args()
# Remove the '--' separator if present
if args.command and args.command[0] == '--':
args.command = args.command[1:]
if not args.command:
print("Error: No command specified to run")
sys.exit(1)
# Parse server configurations
if len(args.servers) != len(args.ports):
print("Error: Number of --server and --port arguments must match")
sys.exit(1)
servers = []
for cmd, port in zip(args.servers, args.ports):
servers.append({'cmd': cmd, 'port': port})
server_processes = []
try:
# Start all servers
for i, server in enumerate(servers):
print(f"Starting server {i+1}/{len(servers)}: {server['cmd']}")
# Use shell=True to support commands with cd and &&
process = subprocess.Popen(
server['cmd'],
shell=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE
)
server_processes.append(process)
# Wait for this server to be ready
print(f"Waiting for server on port {server['port']}...")
if not is_server_ready(server['port'], timeout=args.timeout):
raise RuntimeError(f"Server failed to start on port {server['port']} within {args.timeout}s")
print(f"Server ready on port {server['port']}")
print(f"\nAll {len(servers)} server(s) ready")
# Run the command
print(f"Running: {' '.join(args.command)}\n")
result = subprocess.run(args.command)
sys.exit(result.returncode)
finally:
# Clean up all servers
print(f"\nStopping {len(server_processes)} server(s)...")
for i, process in enumerate(server_processes):
try:
process.terminate()
process.wait(timeout=5)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
process.kill()
process.wait()
print(f"Server {i+1} stopped")
print("All servers stopped")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()