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Zhongwei Li
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# Regex patterns to auto-trigger rapid-fullstack skill
# Direct prototyping requests
(?i)(build|create|make|develop|prototype)\s+(a\s+)?(web\s?app|webapp|full[\s-]?stack\s+app|full[\s-]?stack\s+application)
# MVP and prototype mentions
(?i)(mvp|prototype|proof[\s-]of[\s-]concept|poc)\s+(for|of|with)
# Backend + Frontend together
(?i)(backend|api)\s+(and|with|\+)\s+(frontend|ui|interface)
# Quick app building
(?i)(quick|rapid|fast)\s+(web|fullstack|full[\s-]stack)\s+(app|application|project|prototype)
# Testing/debugging full stack
(?i)(test|debug|fix)\s+(the\s+)?(webapp|web\s+app|full[\s-]?stack|backend\s+and\s+frontend)
# "Help me build" patterns
(?i)help\s+(me\s+)?(build|create|make)\s+(a\s+)?.*(webapp|web\s+app|application|full[\s-]?stack)
# Server + Client mentions
(?i)(server|backend)\s+and\s+(client|frontend)
# React/Vue/etc + API mentions
(?i)(react|vue|svelte|angular)\s+(with|and|\+)\s+(api|backend|fastapi|flask|express|node)
# Database + Frontend mentions
(?i)(database|sqlite|postgres)\s+(with|and|\+)\s+(frontend|ui|react|vue)
# WEBAPP in all caps (user often uses this)
(?i)webapp

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# Library Research Guide
Quick reference for researching and selecting libraries during prototyping.
## Search Strategy Flowchart
```
Need feature X?
1. Can I build it in < 30 lines?
→ YES: Don't use library
→ NO: Continue to step 2
2. Search for solutions
- WebSearch: "best [feature] library [framework] 2025"
- Exa Code: "[framework] [feature] implementation examples"
3. Found 2-3 candidates?
→ Compare them (see criteria below)
4. Test the top choice
→ Works in < 15 min? Use it
→ Too complex/broken? Try next option
5. Still nothing good?
→ Build it yourself
→ Or simplify the requirement
```
## Evaluation Criteria
### Quick Check (2 min per library)
```bash
# For npm packages
npm info <package-name>
Look for:
✅ Last publish: < 6 months ago
✅ Weekly downloads: > 10k (for popular features)
✅ Dependencies: < 10 (fewer is better)
✅ License: MIT or Apache 2.0
✅ TypeScript: Built-in types or @types/ available
❌ Warning signs:
- Last publish > 1 year ago
- Many open issues, few closed
- "deprecated" in description
- Requires lots of peer dependencies
```
### Deep Check (5 min if quick check passes)
```bash
# Check GitHub
1. Stars: > 1k for common features
2. Issues:
- Response rate (maintainer active?)
- Closed/Open ratio (> 2:1 good)
3. Last commit: < 3 months ideal
4. Contributors: > 5 (not single-maintainer)
5. Examples/demos: Exist and work?
```
### Bundle Size Check
```
Visit: https://bundlephobia.com/package/<package-name>
Acceptable sizes for prototypes:
- Utilities: < 10kb
- UI components: < 50kb
- Full editors: < 500kb
- Anything else: Question if you need it
```
## Common Feature Searches
### Rich Text / Markdown Editor
```bash
# Search queries
"react markdown editor wysiwyg 2025"
"best markdown editor component [framework]"
"lightweight rich text editor [framework]"
# What to look for
- Live preview support
- Custom toolbar options
- Export/import formats
- Syntax highlighting
# Alternatives to consider
- Full WYSIWYG editor (heavy)
- Markdown editor with preview (medium)
- Plain textarea with preview (light)
- CodeMirror / Monaco (code-focused)
```
### Diff Viewer
```bash
# Search queries
"visual diff component [framework]"
"side by side diff viewer [framework]"
"git diff ui component"
# What to look for
- Split/unified view toggle
- Line highlighting
- Syntax highlighting
- Word-level diffs
# Fallback
- Use a diffing algorithm library
- Render with custom CSS
```
### State Management
```bash
# Search queries
"[framework] state management 2025"
"zustand vs redux vs context"
"when to use state management library"
# Decision tree
- Simple app (< 5 components) → useState/useReducer
- Medium app (5-20 components) → Context API or Zustand
- Complex app (20+ components) → Redux Toolkit or Recoil
# For prototypes: Start simple, add later if needed
```
### Form Handling
```bash
# Search queries
"[framework] form library 2025"
"react hook form vs formik"
"form validation library"
# Decision tree
- Simple forms (1-3 fields) → Vanilla HTML + state
- Medium forms (4-10 fields) → Controlled components
- Complex forms (10+ fields, validation) → React Hook Form / Formik
# For prototypes: Keep it vanilla, add library if > 10 fields
```
### Data Fetching
```bash
# Search queries
"[framework] data fetching library"
"react query vs swr vs apollo"
"best way to fetch data [framework]"
# Decision tree
- Simple REST API → fetch / axios
- Need caching/refetching → React Query / SWR
- GraphQL → Apollo Client / urql
# For prototypes: Start with fetch, add library if you need:
- Automatic refetching
- Cache management
- Optimistic updates
```
### Styling
```bash
# Search queries
"[framework] css framework 2025"
"tailwind vs styled-components vs css modules"
"css-in-js vs css modules"
# Decision tree
- Prototype (speed matters) → Vanilla CSS or inline styles
- Need consistency → CSS Modules or Tailwind
- Component library → Styled Components / Emotion
- Design system → Material-UI / Ant Design
# For prototypes: Vanilla CSS first, add framework if needed
```
## Search Query Templates
### General Pattern
```
"best [feature-type] library for [framework] [year]"
"[specific-library] vs [alternative] comparison"
"[feature-type] implementation [framework] example"
"lightweight [feature-type] component [framework]"
```
### For Code Examples
Use exa-code search:
```
"[framework] [feature] implementation example"
"how to use [library-name] with [framework]"
"[feature] tutorial [framework]"
```
### For Comparisons
```
"[library-a] vs [library-b] [year]"
"[library-name] alternatives"
"[library-name] reddit" (real user opinions)
"[library-name] bundle size"
```
## Red Flags
### In Search Results
- Many "how to fix" articles
- Lots of open issues on GitHub
- Tutorials only from > 2 years ago
- No clear documentation site
- Only works with specific versions
### In Documentation
- No getting started guide
- No examples
- Assumes lots of prior knowledge
- Inconsistent API
- Breaking changes in minor versions
### In Issues/Community
- Maintainer unresponsive
- Many unanswered questions
- Lots of "this doesn't work" issues
- People asking for alternatives
- Security issues ignored
## Decision Making
### Use native/simple if:
```javascript
// ❌ Don't import library for
- Date formatting (Intl.DateTimeFormat)
- HTTP requests (fetch API)
- Simple state (useState/useReducer)
- Basic validation (HTML5 + regex)
- Simple animations (CSS transitions)
```
### Use library if:
```javascript
// ✅ Consider library for
- Complex parsing (markdown, CSV)
- Diffing algorithms
- Rich text editing
- Code highlighting
- Complex animations
- Data visualization
```
## Research Time Budgets
- **Quick feature** (< 30 min to build): 0 min research → build it
- **Medium feature** (30 min - 2 hours): 10 min research → decide
- **Complex feature** (> 2 hours): 20 min research → pick best tool
If research takes > 20 minutes, you're overthinking it:
- Pick the most popular option
- Try it for 15 minutes
- If it doesn't work, try alternative
## Example Research Session
**Scenario**: Need visual diff for markdown editor
**Step 1: Initial search** (3 min)
```bash
WebSearch: "react visual diff component side by side"
Results:
- react-diff-viewer (6.2k stars)
- react-diff-view (3.1k stars)
- monaco-diff-editor (part of Monaco)
```
**Step 2: Quick comparison** (5 min)
```bash
npm info react-diff-viewer
# Last publish: 8 months ago (okay)
# Downloads: 45k/week (popular)
# Dependencies: 4 (good)
npm info react-diff-view
# Last publish: 1 year ago (warning)
# Downloads: 8k/week (less popular)
# Dependencies: 3 (good)
Monaco: Heavy (500kb+), overkill for simple diff
```
**Step 3: Check examples** (2 min)
- react-diff-viewer: Has live demo, looks good
- react-diff-view: Examples look more complex
**Decision**: Try react-diff-viewer first (most popular, good docs)
**Step 4: Test** (10 min)
```bash
npm install react-diff-viewer
# Create test component
# Works in 10 min → Keep it
```
**Total time**: 20 minutes from "need diff viewer" to "working implementation"
## Remember
> "Perfect is the enemy of good. Pick something reasonable and move forward. You can always swap libraries later if needed."
The goal is **working software**, not the perfect tech stack. Spend 80% of time building, 20% researching.

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# Rapid Full-Stack Prototyping
Build working full-stack web apps quickly (1-4 hours). Design first, code second, test third.
## When to Use
- User says "WEBAPP", "PROTOTYPE", "full-stack app", or "build a web application"
- Need both backend API + frontend UI
- Want speed + quality
## What You'll Build
- **Stack**: React + Vite + RESTful API (FastAPI/Express) + SQLite
- **Timeline**: 1-4 hours from idea to working app
- **Output**: Polished, functional prototype with keyboard shortcuts and clean UI
## The 3-Step Process
### Step 1: Design (5-10 min)
Create a text-based design showing:
```
UI LAYOUT:
[Header with Logo, Nav, Actions]
[Main Content - Left Sidebar | Center Panel | Right Info]
[Footer with Status]
USER INTERACTIONS:
1. Click "New" → Opens editor
2. Type text → Updates state
3. Press ⌘S → Saves via API
4. Click "History" → Opens panel
DATA MODELS:
- Item: {id, content, created_at}
- Revision: {id, item_id, content, timestamp}
API ENDPOINTS:
GET /api/items → List all
POST /api/items → Create new
GET /api/items/:id → Get one
PUT /api/items/:id → Update
GET /api/history/:id → Get revisions
```
### Step 2: Get Approval (30 sec)
Show the design → User says "looks good" → Start coding
### Step 3: Build (1-3 hours)
Use this stack (don't ask, just use):
- **Frontend**: React + Vite
- **Backend**: FastAPI (Python) or Express (Node)
- **Database**: SQLite
- **State**: useState + useEffect
Build in order:
1. Backend skeleton (30 min)
2. Core features (1-2 hours)
3. Polish + keyboard shortcuts (30 min)
4. Test with WEBTEST
---
## Rules for Claude
**DO:**
- Design mock UI before any code
- Use React + RESTful API (default)
- Start coding immediately after approval
- Add keyboard shortcuts (⌘S, ⌘/, etc.)
**DON'T:**
- Ask user to choose frameworks
- Skip the design phase
- Spend 30+ min researching simple features
- Build custom solutions for standard problems
## Core Principles
1. **Design Before Code** - Mock UI + interactions first, then build
2. **Use What You Know** - Familiar tools > "perfect" tools you don't know
3. **Single Source of Truth** - One state for each piece of data, sync explicitly
4. **Right Tool for Job** - Fighting a component's design? Wrong component
5. **Test Early** - Automated tests + real user feedback before launch
## Default Stack (Use This)
```
Frontend: React + Vite
Backend: FastAPI (Python) or Express (Node)
Database: SQLite
State: useState + useEffect
Styling: Vanilla CSS
```
**Why?** Fast setup, familiar patterns, good docs, zero config database.
**When to deviate:**
- User explicitly requests different stack → use their choice
- User needs SEO/SSR → use Next.js instead of Vite
- User says "no code" → suggest Bubble/Retool (explain trade-offs)
## Choosing Libraries
**When to add a library:**
- ✅ Would take > 1 hour to build from scratch
- ✅ Well-maintained (updated in last 6 months)
- ✅ You need > 30% of its features
**When to build it yourself:**
- ✅ Can be done in < 30 lines of code
- ✅ Only need 10% of library features
- ✅ Fighting the library's design
**Quick research (spend max 15 min):**
```bash
# 1. Search
WebSearch: "best [feature] library react 2025"
# 2. Check npm
npm info [package-name]
# Look at: downloads/week, last publish, dependencies count
# 3. Test
# Try basic example - works in 15 min? Keep it. Doesn't? Try next option.
```
**Examples:**
```javascript
// ❌ Don't need library for:
fetch() // axios is overkill
<textarea /> // don't force WYSIWYG when plain text works
Intl.DateTimeFormat // moment.js is heavy
// ✅ Use library for:
<MarkdownEditor /> // complex parsing + preview
<DiffViewer /> // diff algorithm is non-trivial
<CodeEditor /> // syntax highlighting + LSP
```
## Project Structure
```
project/
├── backend/
│ ├── server.py # FastAPI app
│ └── requirements.txt # Python deps
├── frontend/
│ ├── src/
│ │ ├── App.jsx # Main component
│ │ ├── App.css # Styles
│ │ └── main.jsx # Entry point
│ ├── package.json
│ └── vite.config.js # Vite config with proxy
├── launcher-script # CLI to start both servers
├── install.sh # Setup script
└── README.md # Documentation
```
## Build Workflow
### Phase 0: Design (15-30 min)
See "The 3-Step Process" above - create text-based design with UI layout, interactions, data models, and API endpoints. Show to user → get approval → start coding.
### Phase 1: Backend + Frontend Skeleton (30 min)
**Backend:**
```python
# Define models → Create CRUD endpoints → Test with curl
# FastAPI example:
@app.get("/api/items")
async def list_items(): ...
@app.post("/api/items")
async def create_item(item: Item): ...
```
**Frontend:**
```bash
npm create vite@latest my-app -- --template react
cd my-app && npm install
# Configure vite.config.js proxy to backend
# Test connection with /api/health endpoint
```
### Phase 2: Core Features (1-2 hours)
- Build one feature at a time
- useState for local state, useEffect for side effects
- Single source of truth (one canonical state, sync others from it)
- Test each feature before moving to next
### Phase 3: Polish (30 min)
```javascript
// Add keyboard shortcuts
useEffect(() => {
const handleKeyDown = (e) => {
if (e.metaKey) {
if (e.key === 's') { e.preventDefault(); save(); }
if (e.key === '/') { e.preventDefault(); showHelp(); }
}
};
window.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
}, []);
```
- Add help modal (⌘/)
- Add button active states
- Add status feedback ("✓ Saved")
- Add tooltips with keyboard shortcuts
### Phase 4: Test (Use WEBTEST)
```bash
# Run automated tests
WEBTEST # Triggers testing-webapps skill
# Manual checks:
# - All buttons work
# - Data persists after save
# - No console errors
# - Keyboard shortcuts work
```
## Common Mistakes
### 1. Multiple Sources of Truth
```javascript
// ❌ Bad: Three states for same data
const [editorContent, setEditorContent] = useState('');
const [diffContent, setDiffContent] = useState('');
const [previewContent, setPreviewContent] = useState('');
// ✅ Good: One source, sync to views
const [content, setContent] = useState('');
useEffect(() => {
editorRef.current?.setContent(content);
}, [viewMode, content]);
```
### 2. Fighting Component Design
```javascript
// ❌ Bad: Complex CSS to hide UI elements
.editor .toolbar { display: none !important; }
.editor .tabs { visibility: hidden !important; }
// ✅ Good: Use simpler component
<textarea value={content} onChange={e => setContent(e.target.value)} />
```
### 3. Hardcoded Config
```javascript
// ❌ Bad
target: 'http://127.0.0.1:8765'
// ✅ Good
const port = process.env.VITE_BACKEND_PORT || '8765';
target: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}`
```
### 4. CORS Issues
```python
# ✅ FastAPI CORS setup
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=["http://localhost:5173"],
allow_methods=["*"],
allow_headers=["*"],
)
```
## Code Patterns
### Button States
```css
.btn { background: #007bff; transition: 0.2s; }
.btn:hover { background: #0056b3; }
.btn.active { background: #28a745; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
```
### Status Feedback
```javascript
const save = async () => {
try {
await saveToBackend();
setStatus('✓ Saved');
setTimeout(() => setStatus(''), 2000);
} catch (error) {
setStatus('❌ Error');
}
};
```
### Help Modal
```jsx
{helpOpen && (
<div className="modal" onClick={() => setHelpOpen(false)}>
<div className="content" onClick={e => e.stopPropagation()}>
<h3> Shortcuts</h3>
<kbd> S</kbd> Save
<kbd> /</kbd> Help
</div>
</div>
)}
```
## Launcher Script
Create a simple script to start both servers:
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess, webbrowser, time
# Start backend
backend = subprocess.Popen(
["uvicorn", "server:app", "--port", "8000"],
cwd="./backend"
)
# Start frontend
frontend = subprocess.Popen(
["npm", "run", "dev"],
cwd="./frontend"
)
time.sleep(2)
webbrowser.open("http://localhost:5173")
try:
backend.wait()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
backend.terminate()
frontend.terminate()
```
Make executable: `chmod +x launcher`
## Quick Reference
### Testing Checklist
```bash
# Automated
WEBTEST # Use testing-webapps skill
# Manual
- [ ] All buttons work
- [ ] Keyboard shortcuts (⌘S, ⌘/)
- [ ] Data persists
- [ ] No console errors
```
### When to Add a Feature
1. Solves real problem? ✓
2. Can be done simply? ✓
3. Fits core purpose? ✓
If any = no → defer it
### When to Refactor
- Code duplicated 3+ times
- Fighting component design
- Adding features getting harder
### View Modes Pattern
```jsx
const [viewMode, setViewMode] = useState('edit');
const [content, setContent] = useState('');
{viewMode === 'edit' && <Editor value={content} onChange={setContent} />}
{viewMode === 'diff' && <DiffView content={content} previous={prev} />}
{viewMode === 'preview' && <Preview content={content} />}
```
### Debugging
1. Console errors (browser + terminal)
2. Network tab (API responses)
3. React DevTools (state flow)
4. Use right component for the job?
### Success Criteria
- ✅ Core features work end-to-end
- ✅ Keyboard shortcuts (⌘S, ⌘/)
- ✅ No console errors
- ✅ Data persists
- ✅ Clean UI, no glitches
## Real Example: mdedit (3 hours total)
**Stack**: React + Vite + FastAPI + SQLite
**Features**: 4 view modes, version history, visual diff, keyboard shortcuts
**Key Decisions** (38 min research):
- FastAPI > Flask (type hints, async)
- SQLite > Postgres (zero config)
- Toast UI Editor for rich editing, but **textarea for diff mode** (fighting component = wrong tool)
- react-diff-viewer (GitHub-style, simple)
- marked for preview (lightweight)
**Lesson**: Don't fight components with CSS. Use simpler alternatives when needed.
---
## Key Reminders
**Design → Code → Test**
- Mock UI + interactions first
- Use defaults (React + RESTful)
- WEBTEST when done
**Red Flags:**
- Complex CSS hiding → wrong component
- Multiple states for same data → refactor
- Fighting a library → use different one
- > 30 min on one bug → rethink approach
**Best Prototypes Are:**
1. Fast (1-4 hours)
2. Simple (easy to change)
3. Polished (shortcuts + help)
4. Tested (no errors)