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Architecture Overview - Microservices
This document serves as a comprehensive guide to the microservices architecture, enabling rapid understanding of service boundaries, communication patterns, and system design.
1. Project Structure
[Project Root]/
├── services/ # Microservices
│ ├── api-gateway/ # Entry point for all requests
│ ├── user-service/ # User management
│ ├── [service-name]/ # Additional services
│ └── shared/ # Shared libraries
├── infrastructure/ # Infrastructure as code
│ ├── k8s/ # Kubernetes manifests
│ └── terraform/ # Terraform configs
├── docs/ # Documentation
└── scripts/ # DevOps scripts
2. High-Level System Diagram
[API Gateway] <--> [Service Mesh/Load Balancer]
|
+-------------------+-------------------+
| | |
[Service 1] [Service 2] [Service 3]
| | |
[Database 1] [Database 2] [Database 3]
| |
+-------------[Message Queue]-----------+
3. Core Components
3.1. API Gateway
Name: [e.g., Kong, AWS API Gateway, Custom Gateway]
Description: Routes requests, handles authentication, rate limiting, and request aggregation
Technologies: [e.g., Kong, Express Gateway, Spring Cloud Gateway]
Deployment: [e.g., Kubernetes, AWS]
3.2. Microservices
3.2.1. [Service Name]
Name: [e.g., User Service, Order Service]
Description: [Service responsibility and domain]
Technologies: [Language and framework]
API Endpoints: [Key endpoints this service exposes]
Dependencies: [Other services it calls]
Database: [Dedicated database if any]
Deployment: [Container registry, orchestration]
3.3. Service Mesh
Name: [e.g., Istio, Linkerd, Consul]
Description: Handles service-to-service communication, observability, and security
Key Features: [Traffic management, circuit breaking, etc.]
4. Data Stores
4.1. Service-Specific Databases
Each microservice has its own database following the database-per-service pattern.
[Service Name] Database
Type: [PostgreSQL, MongoDB, etc.]
Purpose: [Data domain this service owns]
Key Schemas: [Main tables/collections]
4.2. Shared Data Stores
Name: [e.g., Redis Cache, Message Queue]
Type: [Redis, RabbitMQ, Kafka]
Purpose: [Cross-service caching or messaging]
5. External Integrations / APIs
Service Name: [e.g., Payment Gateway, Email Service]
Purpose: [Functionality]
Integration Method: [REST, gRPC, Message Queue]
Owning Service: [Which microservice handles this integration]
6. Deployment & Infrastructure
Cloud Provider: [AWS, GCP, Azure]
Orchestration: [Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, ECS]
Service Discovery: [Consul, Eureka, Kubernetes DNS]
CI/CD Pipeline: [Jenkins, GitLab CI, GitHub Actions]
Container Registry: [Docker Hub, ECR, GCR]
Monitoring & Logging: [Prometheus, Grafana, ELK, Jaeger for tracing]
Configuration Management: [Consul, etcd, ConfigMap]
7. Security Considerations
Authentication: [OAuth2, JWT at API Gateway]
Authorization: [Service-level RBAC, mutual TLS]
Service-to-Service Security: [mTLS, API keys, service mesh policies]
Data Encryption: [TLS in transit, encrypted at rest]
Secrets Management: [Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, Kubernetes Secrets]
8. Development & Testing Environment
Local Setup Instructions: [Docker Compose, Minikube, or Skaffold]
Testing Strategy:
- Unit Tests: [Per service]
- Integration Tests: [Between services]
- Contract Tests: [API contracts]
- E2E Tests: [Full system tests]
Testing Frameworks: [Service-specific frameworks]
9. Future Considerations / Roadmap
- [e.g., Implement event sourcing for specific services]
- [e.g., Add service mesh for better observability]
- [e.g., Break down Service X into smaller services]
- [e.g., Implement CQRS pattern]
10. Project Identification
Project Name: [Microservices System Name]
Repository URL: [Monorepo or organization URL]
Primary Contact/Team: [Platform Team]
Date of Last Update: [YYYY-MM-DD]
Service Catalog: [Link to service registry/documentation]
11. Glossary / Acronyms
API Gateway: Entry point for all external requests
Service Mesh: Infrastructure layer for service-to-service communication
Circuit Breaker: Pattern to prevent cascading failures
CQRS: Command Query Responsibility Segregation
Event Sourcing: Storing state changes as events
[Add domain-specific terms]