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# ANSI Color Reference for CLI Design
This reference provides comprehensive ANSI color codes for terminal styling in CLI applications.
## Basic 16 Colors (3/4-bit)
### Standard Colors
| Color | Foreground | Background | Use Cases |
|---------|-----------|-----------|----------------------------------------|
| Black | `\033[30m` | `\033[40m` | Default text, dividers |
| Red | `\033[31m` | `\033[41m` | Errors, failures, closed states |
| Green | `\033[32m` | `\033[42m` | Success, open states, confirmations |
| Yellow | `\033[33m` | `\033[43m` | Warnings, draft states, caution |
| Blue | `\033[34m` | `\033[44m` | Information, links, metadata |
| Magenta | `\033[35m` | `\033[45m` | Special highlights, tags |
| Cyan | `\033[36m` | `\033[46m` | Branch names, identifiers, emphasis |
| White | `\033[37m` | `\033[47m` | Primary text, headings |
### Bright/Bold Variants
| Color | Foreground | Background | Use Cases |
|--------------|-----------|-----------|----------------------------------|
| Bright Black (Gray) | `\033[90m` | `\033[100m` | Secondary text, labels, timestamps |
| Bright Red | `\033[91m` | `\033[101m` | Critical errors, destructive actions |
| Bright Green | `\033[92m` | `\033[102m` | Strong success indicators |
| Bright Yellow | `\033[93m` | `\033[103m` | Important warnings |
| Bright Blue | `\033[94m` | `\033[104m` | Highlighted information |
| Bright Magenta | `\033[95m` | `\033[105m` | Special status indicators |
| Bright Cyan | `\033[96m` | `\033[106m` | Emphasized identifiers |
| Bright White | `\033[97m` | `\033[107m` | Maximum emphasis, alerts |
## Text Styling
| Style | Code | Reset | Use Cases |
|----------------|-----------|-----------|------------------------------|
| Bold | `\033[1m` | `\033[22m` | Headers, emphasis |
| Dim | `\033[2m` | `\033[22m` | Secondary info, deprecation |
| Italic | `\033[3m` | `\033[23m` | Not recommended (poor support) |
| Underline | `\033[4m` | `\033[24m` | Links, emphasis |
| Blink | `\033[5m` | `\033[25m` | Avoid (accessibility issue) |
| Reverse | `\033[7m` | `\033[27m` | Selection, current item |
| Strikethrough | `\033[9m` | `\033[29m` | Deprecated, removed items |
## Reset Codes
| Reset Type | Code | Description |
|---------------|-----------|-------------------------------------|
| All attributes | `\033[0m` | Clear all styling and colors |
| Foreground | `\033[39m` | Reset to default text color |
| Background | `\033[49m` | Reset to default background |
## 256 Color Palette (8-bit)
### Syntax
- **Foreground**: `\033[38;5;<n>m` where `<n>` is 0-255
- **Background**: `\033[48;5;<n>m` where `<n>` is 0-255
### Color Ranges
**0-15**: Standard and bright colors (same as 16-color palette above)
**16-231**: 6×6×6 RGB color cube
- Formula: `16 + 36×r + 6×g + b` where r,g,b are 0-5
- Example: `\033[38;5;196m` = bright red (r=5, g=0, b=0)
**232-255**: Grayscale ramp (24 shades from dark to light)
- Example: `\033[38;5;240m` = dark gray
- Example: `\033[38;5;250m` = light gray
### Common 256 Colors
| Color Description | Code (FG) | Hex Approximation |
|------------------|----------------|-------------------|
| Dark Red | `\033[38;5;88m` | `#870000` |
| Orange | `\033[38;5;208m`| `#ff8700` |
| Dark Green | `\033[38;5;28m` | `#008700` |
| Teal | `\033[38;5;30m` | `#008787` |
| Navy Blue | `\033[38;5;18m` | `#000087` |
| Purple | `\033[38;5;93m` | `#8700ff` |
| Dark Gray | `\033[38;5;240m`| `#585858` |
| Light Gray | `\033[38;5;250m`| `#bcbcbc` |
## RGB True Color (24-bit)
### Syntax
- **Foreground**: `\033[38;2;<r>;<g>;<b>m` where r,g,b are 0-255
- **Background**: `\033[48;2;<r>;<g>;<b>m` where r,g,b are 0-255
### Examples
```bash
# Brand-specific red (RGB: 255, 59, 48)
\033[38;2;255;59;48m
# Brand-specific blue (RGB: 0, 122, 255)
\033[38;2;0;122;255m
# Custom gray (RGB: 142, 142, 147)
\033[38;2;142;142;147m
```
## Combining Codes
Multiple styles can be combined using semicolons:
```bash
# Bold red text
\033[1;31m
# Underlined bright green
\033[4;92m
# Bold, underlined cyan on dark gray background
\033[1;4;36;100m
# 256-color bold blue
\033[1;38;5;27m
# RGB true color bold
\033[1;38;2;255;59;48m
```
## Compatibility Notes
### Terminal Support
| Feature | Support Level | Notes |
|---------------|--------------|--------------------------------------|
| 16 colors | Universal | Safe to use everywhere |
| Bold/Dim | Universal | Widely supported |
| Underline | Universal | Widely supported |
| Italic | Limited | Unreliable, avoid in production |
| Blink | Limited | Accessibility issue, avoid |
| 256 colors | Good | Most modern terminals, test first |
| RGB colors | Moderate | Many modern terminals, fallback needed |
### Detection Strategy
```bash
# Check COLORTERM environment variable
if [ "$COLORTERM" = "truecolor" ] || [ "$COLORTERM" = "24bit" ]; then
# RGB true color supported
elif [ "$TERM" = "xterm-256color" ]; then
# 256 colors supported
else
# Use basic 16 colors only
fi
```
## Best Practices
### 1. Stick to Basic Colors for Maximum Compatibility
Use the 16 basic colors for critical information. Reserve 256/RGB for branding or progressive enhancement.
### 2. Always Reset After Styling
```bash
echo "\033[32mSuccess!\033[0m" # Good
echo "\033[32mSuccess!" # Bad - affects subsequent output
```
### 3. Provide Monochrome Fallback
Ensure meaning isn't conveyed through color alone. Use symbols and text:
```bash
echo "✓ \033[32mSuccess\033[0m" # Good - symbol + color
echo "\033[32mSuccess\033[0m" # Risky - color only
```
### 4. Respect User Preferences
- Check `NO_COLOR` environment variable
- Detect if output is piped/redirected
- Support `--no-color` flag
### 5. Test in Multiple Terminals
- macOS Terminal
- iTerm2
- Windows Terminal
- VS Code integrated terminal
- Linux terminals (GNOME Terminal, Konsole, etc.)
## Quick Reference: Semantic Color Usage
| Meaning | Recommended Color | Code |
|--------------|------------------|------------|
| Success | Green | `\033[32m` |
| Error | Red | `\033[31m` |
| Warning | Yellow | `\033[33m` |
| Info | Blue | `\033[34m` |
| Highlight | Cyan | `\033[36m` |
| Subtle | Bright Black (Gray) | `\033[90m` |
| Emphasis | Bold | `\033[1m` |
| Link | Blue Underline | `\033[4;34m` |
## Language-Specific Libraries
### JavaScript/Node.js
- `chalk` - Terminal string styling
- `kleur` - Lightweight alternative to chalk
- `picocolors` - Minimal ANSI color library
### Python
- `colorama` - Cross-platform colored terminal text
- `termcolor` - ANSI color formatting
- `rich` - Advanced terminal formatting
### Go
- `fatih/color` - Color package for Go
- `charmbracelet/lipgloss` - Style definitions for TUI
### Rust
- `colored` - Coloring terminal
- `ansi_term` - ANSI terminal colors and styles
### Ruby
- `colorize` - String coloring
- `tty-color` - Terminal color capabilities detection
## Additional Resources
- ANSI Escape Codes Standard: ECMA-48
- Terminal emulator test suite: https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html
- Color testing tool: https://github.com/termstandard/colors