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# Data Transformation Language (DTL) Functions Reference
Complete reference for Data Transformation Language functions in SAP Data Intelligence.
## Table of Contents
1. [Overview](#overview)
2. [String Functions](#string-functions)
3. [Numeric Functions](#numeric-functions)
4. [Date and Time Functions](#date-and-time-functions)
5. [Data Type Conversion Functions](#data-type-conversion-functions)
6. [Miscellaneous Functions](#miscellaneous-functions)
---
## Overview
Data Transformation Language (DTL) provides SQL-like functions for data processing in:
- Data Transform operator
- Data preparation tools
- Structured data operators
**Syntax Pattern:**
```
FUNCTION_NAME(argument1, argument2, ...)
```
---
## String Functions
Functions for extracting, manipulating, and returning string information.
### CONCAT
Concatenates two or more strings.
```sql
CONCAT(string1, string2 [, string3, ...])
```
**Example:**
```sql
CONCAT('Hello', ' ', 'World') -- Returns: 'Hello World'
```
### SUBSTRING
Extracts a portion of a string.
```sql
SUBSTRING(string, start_position [, length])
```
**Example:**
```sql
SUBSTRING('SAP Data Intelligence', 5, 4) -- Returns: 'Data'
```
### SUBSTRAFTER
Returns substring after the first occurrence of a delimiter.
```sql
SUBSTRAFTER(string, delimiter)
```
**Example:**
```sql
SUBSTRAFTER('user@domain.com', '@') -- Returns: 'domain.com'
```
### SUBSTRBEFORE
Returns substring before the first occurrence of a delimiter.
```sql
SUBSTRBEFORE(string, delimiter)
```
**Example:**
```sql
SUBSTRBEFORE('user@domain.com', '@') -- Returns: 'user'
```
### LEFT
Returns leftmost characters of a string.
```sql
LEFT(string, length)
```
**Example:**
```sql
LEFT('SAP Data', 3) -- Returns: 'SAP'
```
### RIGHT
Returns rightmost characters of a string.
```sql
RIGHT(string, length)
```
**Example:**
```sql
RIGHT('SAP Data', 4) -- Returns: 'Data'
```
### LENGTH
Returns the length of a string.
```sql
LENGTH(string)
```
**Example:**
```sql
LENGTH('SAP') -- Returns: 3
```
### UPPER / UCASE
Converts string to uppercase.
```sql
UPPER(string)
UCASE(string)
```
**Example:**
```sql
UPPER('sap data') -- Returns: 'SAP DATA'
```
### LOWER / LCASE
Converts string to lowercase.
```sql
LOWER(string)
LCASE(string)
```
**Example:**
```sql
LOWER('SAP DATA') -- Returns: 'sap data'
```
### TRIM
Removes leading and trailing spaces.
```sql
TRIM(string)
```
**Example:**
```sql
TRIM(' SAP ') -- Returns: 'SAP'
```
### LTRIM
Removes leading spaces.
```sql
LTRIM(string)
```
### RTRIM
Removes trailing spaces.
```sql
RTRIM(string)
```
### LPAD
Pads string on the left to specified length.
```sql
LPAD(string, length [, pad_string])
```
**Example:**
```sql
LPAD('42', 5, '0') -- Returns: '00042'
```
### RPAD
Pads string on the right to specified length.
```sql
RPAD(string, length [, pad_string])
```
**Example:**
```sql
RPAD('SAP', 6, 'X') -- Returns: 'SAPXXX'
```
### REPLACE
Replaces occurrences of a substring.
```sql
REPLACE(string, search_string, replace_string)
```
**Example:**
```sql
REPLACE('SAP HANA', 'HANA', 'DI') -- Returns: 'SAP DI'
```
### LOCATE
Returns position of substring in string.
```sql
LOCATE(string, substring [, start_position])
```
**Example:**
```sql
LOCATE('SAP Data Intelligence', 'Data') -- Returns: 5
```
### ASCII
Returns ASCII code of first character.
```sql
ASCII(string)
```
**Example:**
```sql
ASCII('A') -- Returns: 65
```
### CHAR
Returns character for ASCII code.
```sql
CHAR(integer)
```
**Example:**
```sql
CHAR(65) -- Returns: 'A'
```
---
## Numeric Functions
Functions for mathematical operations on numeric data.
### ABS
Returns absolute value.
```sql
ABS(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
ABS(-42) -- Returns: 42
```
### CEIL
Rounds up to nearest integer.
```sql
CEIL(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
CEIL(4.2) -- Returns: 5
```
### FLOOR
Rounds down to nearest integer.
```sql
FLOOR(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
FLOOR(4.8) -- Returns: 4
```
### ROUND
Rounds to specified decimal places.
```sql
ROUND(number [, decimal_places])
```
**Example:**
```sql
ROUND(3.14159, 2) -- Returns: 3.14
```
### MOD
Returns remainder of division.
```sql
MOD(dividend, divisor)
```
**Example:**
```sql
MOD(10, 3) -- Returns: 1
```
### POWER
Returns base raised to exponent.
```sql
POWER(base, exponent)
```
**Example:**
```sql
POWER(2, 3) -- Returns: 8
```
### SQRT
Returns square root.
```sql
SQRT(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
SQRT(16) -- Returns: 4
```
### EXP
Returns e raised to power.
```sql
EXP(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
EXP(1) -- Returns: 2.71828...
```
### LN
Returns natural logarithm.
```sql
LN(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
LN(2.71828) -- Returns: ~1
```
### LOG
Returns logarithm with specified base.
```sql
LOG(base, number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
LOG(10, 100) -- Returns: 2
```
### SIGN
Returns sign of number (-1, 0, or 1).
```sql
SIGN(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
SIGN(-42) -- Returns: -1
```
### UMINUS
Returns negation of number.
```sql
UMINUS(number)
```
**Example:**
```sql
UMINUS(42) -- Returns: -42
```
### RAND
Returns random number between 0 and 1.
```sql
RAND()
```
---
## Date and Time Functions
Functions for date and time operations.
### CURRENT_UTCDATE
Returns current UTC date.
```sql
CURRENT_UTCDATE()
```
### CURRENT_UTCTIME
Returns current UTC time.
```sql
CURRENT_UTCTIME()
```
### CURRENT_UTCTIMESTAMP
Returns current UTC timestamp.
```sql
CURRENT_UTCTIMESTAMP()
```
### ADD_DAYS
Adds days to a date.
```sql
ADD_DAYS(date, days)
```
**Example:**
```sql
ADD_DAYS('2025-01-01', 30) -- Returns: '2025-01-31'
```
### ADD_MONTHS
Adds months to a date.
```sql
ADD_MONTHS(date, months)
```
**Example:**
```sql
ADD_MONTHS('2025-01-15', 2) -- Returns: '2025-03-15'
```
### ADD_YEARS
Adds years to a date.
```sql
ADD_YEARS(date, years)
```
### ADD_SECONDS
Adds seconds to a timestamp.
```sql
ADD_SECONDS(timestamp, seconds)
```
### DAYS_BETWEEN
Returns days between two dates.
```sql
DAYS_BETWEEN(date1, date2)
```
**Example:**
```sql
DAYS_BETWEEN('2025-01-01', '2025-01-31') -- Returns: 30
```
### MONTHS_BETWEEN
Returns months between two dates.
```sql
MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1, date2)
```
### YEARS_BETWEEN
Returns years between two dates.
```sql
YEARS_BETWEEN(date1, date2)
```
### SECONDS_BETWEEN
Returns seconds between two timestamps.
```sql
SECONDS_BETWEEN(timestamp1, timestamp2)
```
### EXTRACT
Extracts date/time component.
```sql
EXTRACT(component FROM date_or_timestamp)
```
**Components:** YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND
**Example:**
```sql
EXTRACT(YEAR FROM '2025-06-15') -- Returns: 2025
```
### YEAR
Returns year from date.
```sql
YEAR(date)
```
### MONTH
Returns month from date (1-12).
```sql
MONTH(date)
```
### DAYOFMONTH
Returns day of month (1-31).
```sql
DAYOFMONTH(date)
```
### DAYOFYEAR
Returns day of year (1-366).
```sql
DAYOFYEAR(date)
```
### WEEK
Returns week number (1-53).
```sql
WEEK(date)
```
### ISOWEEK
Returns ISO week number.
```sql
ISOWEEK(date)
```
### QUARTER
Returns quarter (1-4).
```sql
QUARTER(date)
```
### HOUR
Returns hour (0-23).
```sql
HOUR(timestamp)
```
### MINUTE
Returns minute (0-59).
```sql
MINUTE(timestamp)
```
### SECOND
Returns second (0-59).
```sql
SECOND(timestamp)
```
### DAYNAME
Returns day name.
```sql
DAYNAME(date)
```
**Example:**
```sql
DAYNAME('2025-01-01') -- Returns: 'Wednesday'
```
### MONTHNAME
Returns month name.
```sql
MONTHNAME(date)
```
### LAST_DAY
Returns last day of month.
```sql
LAST_DAY(date)
```
**Example:**
```sql
LAST_DAY('2025-02-15') -- Returns: '2025-02-28'
```
### NEXT_DAY
Returns next occurrence of weekday.
```sql
NEXT_DAY(date, weekday)
```
---
## Data Type Conversion Functions
Functions for converting between data types.
### TO_STRING
Converts to string.
```sql
TO_STRING(value [, format])
```
**Example:**
```sql
TO_STRING(12345) -- Returns: '12345'
TO_STRING(3.14, '0.00') -- Returns: '3.14'
```
### TO_INTEGER
Converts to integer.
```sql
TO_INTEGER(value)
```
**Example:**
```sql
TO_INTEGER('42') -- Returns: 42
TO_INTEGER(3.7) -- Returns: 3
```
### TO_DECIMAL
Converts to decimal.
```sql
TO_DECIMAL(value [, precision, scale])
```
**Example:**
```sql
TO_DECIMAL('123.45', 10, 2) -- Returns: 123.45
```
### TO_FLOATING
Converts to floating point.
```sql
TO_FLOATING(value)
```
### TO_DATE
Converts to date.
```sql
TO_DATE(string [, format])
```
**Example:**
```sql
TO_DATE('2025-01-15', 'YYYY-MM-DD')
TO_DATE('15/01/2025', 'DD/MM/YYYY')
```
### TO_TIME
Converts to time.
```sql
TO_TIME(string [, format])
```
**Example:**
```sql
TO_TIME('14:30:00', 'HH24:MI:SS')
```
### TO_DATETIME
Converts to datetime/timestamp.
```sql
TO_DATETIME(string [, format])
```
---
## Miscellaneous Functions
### CASE
Conditional expression.
```sql
CASE
WHEN condition1 THEN result1
WHEN condition2 THEN result2
ELSE default_result
END
```
**Example:**
```sql
CASE
WHEN status = 'A' THEN 'Active'
WHEN status = 'I' THEN 'Inactive'
ELSE 'Unknown'
END
```
### COALESCE
Returns first non-null value.
```sql
COALESCE(value1, value2, ...)
```
**Example:**
```sql
COALESCE(phone, mobile, 'No number') -- Returns first non-null
```
### IFNULL
Returns second value if first is null.
```sql
IFNULL(value, replacement)
```
**Example:**
```sql
IFNULL(discount, 0) -- Returns 0 if discount is null
```
### NULLIF
Returns null if values are equal.
```sql
NULLIF(value1, value2)
```
**Example:**
```sql
NULLIF(quantity, 0) -- Returns null if quantity is 0
```
### GREATEST
Returns largest value.
```sql
GREATEST(value1, value2, ...)
```
**Example:**
```sql
GREATEST(10, 20, 15) -- Returns: 20
```
### LEAST
Returns smallest value.
```sql
LEAST(value1, value2, ...)
```
**Example:**
```sql
LEAST(10, 20, 15) -- Returns: 10
```
### MAP
Maps value to another value.
```sql
MAP(input, value1, result1 [, value2, result2, ...] [, default])
```
**Example:**
```sql
MAP(status, 'A', 'Active', 'I', 'Inactive', 'Unknown')
```
---
## Documentation Links
- **Function Reference**: [https://github.com/SAP-docs/sap-hana-cloud-data-intelligence/tree/main/docs/functionreference](https://github.com/SAP-docs/sap-hana-cloud-data-intelligence/tree/main/docs/functionreference)
- **DTL Functions**: [https://github.com/SAP-docs/sap-hana-cloud-data-intelligence/tree/main/docs/functionreference/function-reference-for-data-transformation-language](https://github.com/SAP-docs/sap-hana-cloud-data-intelligence/tree/main/docs/functionreference/function-reference-for-data-transformation-language)
---
**Last Updated**: 2025-11-22