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commands/git-master.md
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commands/git-master.md
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# Git Master
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**Description**: Master Git workflows, branching strategies, and advanced techniques
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## Git Workflow
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### Feature Branch Workflow
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```bash
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# 1. Create feature branch
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git checkout -b feature/user-authentication
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# 2. Make changes and commit regularly
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git add .
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git commit -m "Add login form component"
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# 3. Push to remote
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git push -u origin feature/user-authentication
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# 4. Keep branch updated with main
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git fetch origin
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git rebase origin/main
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# 5. Create pull request (via GitHub/GitLab UI)
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# 6. After merge, clean up
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git checkout main
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git pull origin main
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git branch -d feature/user-authentication
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```
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## Essential Git Commands
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### Committing
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```bash
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# Stage specific files
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git add file1.js file2.js
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# Stage all changes
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git add .
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# Commit with message
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git commit -m "Add user authentication"
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# Amend last commit
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git commit --amend -m "Updated message"
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# Add to last commit without changing message
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git add forgotten-file.js
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git commit --amend --no-edit
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```
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### Branching
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```bash
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# Create and switch to branch
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git checkout -b feature/new-feature
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# Switch branches
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git checkout main
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# List branches
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git branch # Local
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git branch -r # Remote
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git branch -a # All
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# Delete branch
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git branch -d feature/old-feature
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git branch -D feature/old-feature # Force delete
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# Rename branch
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git branch -m old-name new-name
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```
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### Syncing
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```bash
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# Fetch changes
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git fetch origin
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# Pull changes (fetch + merge)
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git pull origin main
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# Pull with rebase (cleaner history)
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git pull --rebase origin main
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# Push changes
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git push origin feature/my-feature
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# Force push (use carefully!)
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git push --force-with-lease origin feature/my-feature
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```
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### Undoing Changes
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```bash
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# Discard unstaged changes
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git checkout -- file.js
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# Unstage files
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git reset HEAD file.js
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# Undo last commit (keep changes)
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git reset --soft HEAD~1
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# Undo last commit (discard changes)
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git reset --hard HEAD~1
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# Revert a commit (creates new commit)
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git revert abc123
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```
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## Advanced Techniques
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### Interactive Rebase
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```bash
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# Clean up last 3 commits
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git rebase -i HEAD~3
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# In editor:
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# pick abc123 First commit
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# squash def456 Second commit
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# fixup ghi789 Third commit
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# Squash = combine commits, keep both messages
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# Fixup = combine commits, discard this message
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```
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### Cherry-Pick
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```bash
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# Apply specific commit from another branch
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git cherry-pick abc123
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# Cherry-pick multiple commits
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git cherry-pick abc123 def456 ghi789
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```
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### Stash
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```bash
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# Save work in progress
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git stash
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# Stash with message
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git stash save "WIP: working on feature X"
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# List stashes
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git stash list
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# Apply stash
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git stash pop # Apply and remove
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git stash apply # Apply and keep
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# Apply specific stash
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git stash apply stash@{2}
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# Delete stash
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git stash drop stash@{0}
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# Clear all stashes
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git stash clear
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```
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### Finding Issues
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```bash
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# Search commits
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git log --grep="bug fix"
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# Show changes in file
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git log -p file.js
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# Find who changed a line
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git blame file.js
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# Find when bug was introduced (binary search)
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git bisect start
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git bisect bad # Current commit is bad
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git bisect good abc123 # Known good commit
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# Git will checkout commits to test
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git bisect good/bad # Mark each
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git bisect reset # When done
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```
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## Commit Message Best Practices
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```
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# Good commit message format
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type(scope): Short description (max 50 chars)
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Longer explanation if needed (wrap at 72 chars).
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Explain WHAT and WHY, not HOW.
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- Bullet points are okay
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- Use present tense: "Add feature" not "Added feature"
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Closes #123
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# Types:
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feat: New feature
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fix: Bug fix
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docs: Documentation
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style: Formatting (no code change)
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refactor: Code restructuring
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test: Adding tests
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chore: Maintenance tasks
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```
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Examples:
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```
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feat(auth): Add JWT authentication
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Implement JWT-based authentication system with refresh tokens.
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Users can now login and maintain session across page reloads.
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Closes #456
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---
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fix(cart): Prevent duplicate items being added
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When clicking "Add to cart" rapidly, duplicate items were added.
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Added debouncing to prevent this issue.
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Fixes #789
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```
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## Git Configuration
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```bash
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# User identity
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git config --global user.name "Your Name"
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git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
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# Default editor
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git config --global core.editor "code --wait"
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# Useful aliases
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git config --global alias.st status
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git config --global alias.co checkout
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git config --global alias.br branch
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git config --global alias.cm "commit -m"
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git config --global alias.lg "log --oneline --graph --all --decorate"
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# Auto-setup remote tracking
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git config --global push.autoSetupRemote true
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```
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## .gitignore Best Practices
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```
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# .gitignore - Common patterns
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# Dependencies
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node_modules/
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venv/
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__pycache__/
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# Build outputs
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dist/
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build/
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*.pyc
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*.class
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# Environment files
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.env
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.env.local
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.env.*.local
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# IDE files
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.vscode/
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.idea/
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*.swp
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*.swo
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.DS_Store
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# Logs
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logs/
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*.log
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# Test coverage
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coverage/
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.nyc_output/
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```
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## Resolving Merge Conflicts
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```bash
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# 1. Attempt merge
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git merge feature/other-branch
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# CONFLICT message appears
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# 2. Check conflicted files
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git status
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# 3. Open files and resolve conflicts
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# Look for markers:
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# <<<<<<< HEAD
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# Your changes
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# =======
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# Their changes
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# >>>>>>> feature/other-branch
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# 4. Edit file to resolve
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# Remove markers, keep desired code
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# 5. Mark as resolved
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git add resolved-file.js
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# 6. Complete merge
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git commit
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```
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## Branch Strategies
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### Gitflow
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```
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main - Production code
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develop - Integration branch
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feature/* - New features
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hotfix/* - Urgent fixes
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release/* - Release preparation
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```
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### Trunk-Based
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```
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main - Always deployable
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feature/* - Short-lived (< 1 day)
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```
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## When to Use This Skill
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- Managing Git repositories
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- Resolving merge conflicts
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- Cleaning up commit history
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- Implementing branching strategies
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- Debugging with Git
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- Setting up Git workflows
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---
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**Remember**: Commit often, write clear messages, and keep branches short-lived!
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user