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skills/n8n/SKILL.md
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skills/n8n/SKILL.md
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name: n8n
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description: N8N Documentation - Workflow automation platform with AI capabilities
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---
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# N8N Skill
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Comprehensive assistance with n8n development, generated from official documentation. n8n is a fair-code licensed workflow automation tool that combines AI capabilities with business process automation.
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## When to Use This Skill
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This skill should be triggered when:
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- Building or debugging n8n workflows
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- Working with the Code node (JavaScript or Python)
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- Using expressions and data transformations
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- Implementing AI agents, chains, or RAG workflows
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- Configuring n8n deployments (Docker, npm, self-hosted)
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- Setting up webhooks, credentials, or integrations
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- Handling errors in workflows
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- Scaling n8n with queue mode
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- Creating custom nodes or white labeling n8n
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- Using the n8n API programmatically
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- Working with LangChain in n8n
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- Migrating to n8n v1.0
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## Key Concepts
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### Core Components
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- **Workflows**: Visual automation flows with nodes connected together
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- **Nodes**: Individual operations in a workflow (trigger, action, logic, etc.)
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- **Expressions**: Code snippets using `{{ }}` syntax to access and transform data
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- **Credentials**: Secure storage for API keys and authentication
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- **Executions**: Individual workflow runs with their data and status
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### Data Structure
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- n8n passes data between nodes as **items** (array of JSON objects)
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- Each item has a `json` property containing the main data
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- Binary data is stored separately in the `binary` property
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- Use `$json` to access current item's data in expressions
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### AI Capabilities
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- **Agents**: AI that can use tools and make decisions
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- **Chains**: Predefined sequences of AI operations
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- **Memory**: Store conversation history for context
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- **Tools**: Functions that AI agents can call
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- **Vector Databases**: Store and retrieve embeddings for RAG
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## Quick Reference
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### Example 1: Basic Expression to Access Data
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```javascript
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// Access data from the current item
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{{ $json.name }}
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// Access data from a specific node
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{{ $node["HTTP Request"].json.response }}
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// Access all items from a node
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{{ $("HTTP Request").all() }}
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```
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### Example 2: HTTP Request with Authentication
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When working with the HTTP Request node, handle errors and rate limits:
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```javascript
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// In HTTP Request node settings:
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// - Enable "Retry on Fail"
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// - Set Max Tries to 3
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// - Set Wait Between Tries (ms) to 1000
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// For rate limiting, use Batching:
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// - Items per Batch: 10
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// - Batch Interval (ms): 1000
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```
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### Example 3: Code Node - Transform Data (JavaScript)
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```javascript
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// Access input data
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const items = $input.all();
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// Transform each item
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return items.map(item => {
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return {
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json: {
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fullName: `${item.json.firstName} ${item.json.lastName}`,
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email: item.json.email.toLowerCase(),
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timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
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}
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};
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});
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```
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### Example 4: Code Node - Filter Data (Python)
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```python
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# Filter items based on a condition
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output = []
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for item in items:
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if item['json']['status'] == 'active':
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output.append({
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'json': {
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'id': item['json']['id'],
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'name': item['json']['name']
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}
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})
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return output
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```
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### Example 5: Expression - Date Handling with Luxon
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```javascript
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// Current date
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{{ $now }}
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// Format date
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{{ $now.toFormat('yyyy-MM-dd') }}
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// Add 7 days
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{{ $now.plus({ days: 7 }) }}
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// Parse and format custom date
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{{ DateTime.fromISO($json.dateString).toFormat('LLL dd, yyyy') }}
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```
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### Example 6: JWT Authentication Credential
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For APIs requiring JWT authentication:
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```javascript
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// Use JWT credential with:
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// - Key Type: Passphrase (for HMAC) or PEM Key (for RSA/ECDSA)
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// - Secret: Your secret key
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// - Algorithm: HS256, RS256, ES256, etc.
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// The JWT credential automatically generates tokens
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// Use it in HTTP Request node > Authentication > JWT
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```
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### Example 7: Handle Errors in Workflow
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```javascript
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// In Code node, use try-catch:
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try {
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const result = $json.data.someField.toUpperCase();
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return [{ json: { result } }];
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} catch (error) {
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// Return error information
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return [{
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json: {
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error: error.message,
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originalData: $json
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}
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}];
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}
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// Or set up Error Workflow in Workflow Settings
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// to catch all failures and send notifications
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```
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### Example 8: Pagination in HTTP Request
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```javascript
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// Use pagination to fetch all pages
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// In HTTP Request node > Pagination:
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// Type: Generic Pagination
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// Request URL: {{ $url }}&page={{ $pageNumber }}
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// Complete When: {{ $response.body.hasMore === false }}
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// Next Page URL: Automatic
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```
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### Example 9: AI Agent with Tools
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```javascript
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// In AI Agent node:
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// 1. Connect a Chat Model (OpenAI, etc.)
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// 2. Add tools (Calculator, HTTP Request, etc.)
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// 3. Configure memory if needed
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// The agent can:
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// - Analyze user input
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// - Decide which tools to use
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// - Execute tools and process results
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// - Return final answer
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```
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### Example 10: Environment Variables and Static Data
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```javascript
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// Access environment variables
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{{ $env.MY_API_KEY }}
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// Store workflow static data (persists across executions)
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const staticData = getWorkflowStaticData('global');
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staticData.lastRun = new Date().toISOString();
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staticData.counter = (staticData.counter || 0) + 1;
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// Retrieve static data
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{{ $workflow.staticData.counter }}
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```
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## Reference Files
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This skill includes comprehensive documentation in `references/`:
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- **llms-txt.md** - Complete n8n documentation formatted for LLMs
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- Installation and setup guides
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- Node reference documentation
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- API documentation
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- Code examples and patterns
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- Configuration options
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- Troubleshooting guides
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- **llms-full.md** - Extended documentation with deep technical details
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- Advanced configuration
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- Scaling and performance
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- Security and authentication
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- Custom node development
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- White labeling and embed options
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Use `view` to read specific reference files when detailed information is needed.
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## Working with This Skill
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### For Beginners
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1. Start with basic workflow creation:
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- Trigger nodes (Webhook, Schedule, Manual)
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- Action nodes (HTTP Request, Set, Edit Fields)
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- Learn expression syntax with simple `{{ $json.field }}` access
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2. Understand data structure:
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- Each node outputs an array of items
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- Use the data inspector to see item structure
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- Practice with the Edit Fields node for data transformation
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3. Common patterns:
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- Webhook → HTTP Request → Set → Respond to Webhook
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- Schedule → Code → HTTP Request → Conditional
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- Manual → Loop Over Items → Process Each
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### For Intermediate Users
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1. Master the Code node:
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- JavaScript mode for complex transformations
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- Access `$input.all()` for all items
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- Return properly formatted items with `json` property
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2. Work with expressions:
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- Use built-in methods: `.first()`, `.last()`, `.item`
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- Date manipulation with Luxon
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- JMESPath for complex JSON queries
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3. Error handling:
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- Use Try-Catch in Code nodes
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- Set up Error Workflows
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- Configure Retry on Fail for API calls
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4. Data operations:
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- Merge data from multiple sources
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- Split and filter items
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- Loop over items for batch processing
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### For Advanced Users
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1. AI and LangChain:
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- Build AI agents with custom tools
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- Implement RAG with vector databases
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- Use memory for conversational workflows
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- Chain multiple AI operations
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2. Scaling and performance:
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- Configure queue mode for distributed execution
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- Optimize database settings
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- Use execution data pruning
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- Configure task runners
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3. Custom development:
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- Create custom nodes
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- White label n8n for embedding
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- Use the n8n API for workflow management
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- Implement external secrets with AWS/Azure/GCP
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4. Advanced patterns:
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- Sub-workflows for reusability
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- Webhook authentication and validation
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- Complex data transformations with JMESPath
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- Real-time data processing with SSE/WebSockets
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## Common Issues and Solutions
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### HTTP Request Errors
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- **400 Bad Request**: Check query parameters and array formatting
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- **403 Forbidden**: Verify credentials and API permissions
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- **429 Rate Limit**: Use Batching or Retry on Fail options
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- **404 Not Found**: Verify endpoint URL is correct
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### Expression Errors
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- Workflows now fail on expression errors in v1.0+
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- Set up Error Workflows to catch failures
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- Test expressions in the expression editor
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- Check for undefined values before accessing properties
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### Data Type Issues
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- Use `.toString()`, `.toNumber()` for type conversion
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- Handle null/undefined with `{{ $json.field || 'default' }}`
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- Binary data requires special handling with buffers
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### Migration to v1.0
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- New execution order (depth-first instead of breadth-first)
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- Python support in Code node (Pyodide)
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- Mandatory user management (no more BasicAuth)
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- WebSocket push backend is now default
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- Node 18.17.0 or higher required
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## Environment Configuration
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### Docker Setup
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```bash
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# Basic n8n with Docker
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docker run -it --rm \
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--name n8n \
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-p 5678:5678 \
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-v ~/.n8n:/home/node/.n8n \
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n8nio/n8n
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# With environment variables
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docker run -it --rm \
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--name n8n \
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-p 5678:5678 \
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-e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true \
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-e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin \
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-e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=password \
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-v ~/.n8n:/home/node/.n8n \
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n8nio/n8n
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```
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### Key Environment Variables
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- `N8N_HOST`: Hostname (default: localhost)
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- `N8N_PORT`: Port (default: 5678)
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- `N8N_PROTOCOL`: http or https
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- `WEBHOOK_URL`: External webhook URL
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- `N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY`: Encryption key for credentials
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- `DB_TYPE`: Database type (sqlite, postgres)
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- `EXECUTIONS_MODE`: queue or main (queue for scaling)
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## Resources
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### Official Resources
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- [n8n Documentation](https://docs.n8n.io/)
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- [n8n Community Forum](https://community.n8n.io/)
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- [n8n Workflow Templates](https://n8n.io/workflows/)
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- [n8n GitHub Repository](https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n)
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### Learning Paths
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- Level One Course: Basic workflow building
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- Level Two Course: Advanced data handling and error management
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- Video Courses: Visual learning resources
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- AI Tutorial: Build AI workflows from scratch
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### API and Development
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- [API Reference](https://docs.n8n.io/api/api-reference/)
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- [Creating Custom Nodes](https://docs.n8n.io/integrations/creating-nodes/)
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- [Node Development](https://docs.n8n.io/integrations/creating-nodes/build/)
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## Notes
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- This skill was automatically generated from official n8n documentation
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- Code examples use proper language tags for syntax highlighting
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- Examples are extracted from real-world patterns in the docs
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- Focus on practical, actionable patterns for immediate use
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## Updating
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To refresh this skill with updated documentation:
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1. Re-run the scraper with the same configuration
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2. The skill will be rebuilt with the latest information
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3. Review Quick Reference section for new examples
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