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Zhongwei Li
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skills/devops/references/cloudflare-platform.md
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skills/devops/references/cloudflare-platform.md
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# Cloudflare Platform Overview
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Cloudflare Developer Platform: comprehensive edge computing ecosystem for full-stack applications on global network across 300+ cities.
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## Core Concepts
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### Edge Computing Model
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**Global Network:**
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- Code runs on servers in 300+ cities globally
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- Requests execute from nearest location
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- Ultra-low latency (<50ms typical)
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- Automatic failover and redundancy
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**V8 Isolates:**
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- Lightweight execution environments (faster than containers)
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- Millisecond cold starts
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- Zero infrastructure management
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- Automatic scaling
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- Pay-per-request pricing
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### Key Components
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**Workers** - Serverless functions on edge
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- HTTP/scheduled/queue/email handlers
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- JavaScript/TypeScript/Python/Rust support
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- Max 50ms CPU (free), 30s (paid)
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- 128MB memory limit
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**D1** - SQLite database with global read replication
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- Standard SQLite syntax
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- Single-writer consistency
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- Global read replication
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- 25GB database size limit
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- Batch operations for transactions
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**KV** - Distributed key-value store
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- Sub-millisecond reads (edge-cached)
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- Eventual consistency (~60s globally)
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- 25MB value size limit
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- Automatic TTL expiration
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- Best for: cache, sessions, feature flags
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**R2** - Object storage (S3-compatible)
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- Zero egress fees (huge cost advantage)
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- Unlimited storage
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- 5TB object size limit
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- S3-compatible API
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- Multipart upload support
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**Durable Objects** - Stateful compute with WebSockets
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- Single-instance coordination (strong consistency)
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- Persistent storage (1GB limit paid)
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- WebSocket support
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- Automatic hibernation
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**Queues** - Message queue system
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- At-least-once delivery
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- Automatic retries (exponential backoff)
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- Dead-letter queue support
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- Batch processing
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**Pages** - Static site hosting + serverless functions
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- Git integration (auto-deploy)
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- Directory-based routing
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- Framework support (Next.js, Remix, Astro, SvelteKit)
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- Built-in preview deployments
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**Workers AI** - Run AI models on edge
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- LLMs (Llama 3, Mistral, Gemma, Qwen)
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- Image generation (Stable Diffusion, DALL-E)
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- Embeddings (BGE, GTE)
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- Speech recognition (Whisper)
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- No GPU management required
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**Browser Rendering** - Headless browser automation
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- Puppeteer/Playwright support
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- Screenshots, PDFs, web scraping
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- Session reuse for cost optimization
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- MCP server support for AI agents
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## Architecture Patterns
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### Full-Stack Application
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Cloudflare Pages (Frontend) │
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│ Next.js / Remix / Astro │
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└──────────────────┬──────────────────────┘
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│
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┌──────────────────▼──────────────────────┐
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│ Workers (API Layer) │
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│ - Routing │
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│ - Authentication │
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│ - Business logic │
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└─┬──────┬──────┬──────┬──────┬───────────┘
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│ │ │ │ │
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
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┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────────────┐
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│ D1 │ │ KV │ │ R2 │ │ DO │ │ Workers AI │
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└────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────────────┘
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```
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### Polyglot Storage Pattern
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```typescript
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export default {
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async fetch(request: Request, env: Env) {
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// KV: Fast cache
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const cached = await env.KV.get(key);
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if (cached) return new Response(cached);
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// D1: Structured data
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const user = await env.DB.prepare(
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"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"
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).bind(userId).first();
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// R2: Media files
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const avatar = await env.R2_BUCKET.get(`avatars/${user.id}.jpg`);
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// Durable Objects: Real-time
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const chat = env.CHAT_ROOM.get(env.CHAT_ROOM.idFromName(roomId));
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// Queue: Async processing
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await env.EMAIL_QUEUE.send({ to: user.email, template: 'welcome' });
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return new Response(JSON.stringify({ user }));
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}
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};
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```
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## Wrangler CLI Essentials
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### Installation
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```bash
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npm install -g wrangler
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wrangler login
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wrangler init my-worker
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```
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### Core Commands
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```bash
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# Development
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wrangler dev # Local dev server
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wrangler dev --remote # Dev on real edge
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# Deployment
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wrangler deploy # Deploy to production
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wrangler deploy --dry-run # Preview changes
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# Logs
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wrangler tail # Real-time logs
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wrangler tail --format pretty # Formatted logs
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# Versions
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wrangler deployments list # List deployments
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wrangler rollback [version] # Rollback
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# Secrets
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wrangler secret put SECRET_NAME
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wrangler secret list
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```
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### Resource Management
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```bash
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# D1
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wrangler d1 create my-db
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wrangler d1 execute my-db --file=schema.sql
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# KV
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wrangler kv:namespace create MY_KV
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wrangler kv:key put --binding=MY_KV "key" "value"
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# R2
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wrangler r2 bucket create my-bucket
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wrangler r2 object put my-bucket/file.txt --file=./file.txt
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```
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## Configuration (wrangler.toml)
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```toml
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name = "my-worker"
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main = "src/index.ts"
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compatibility_date = "2024-01-01"
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# Environment variables
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[vars]
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ENVIRONMENT = "production"
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# D1 Database
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[[d1_databases]]
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binding = "DB"
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database_name = "my-database"
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database_id = "YOUR_DATABASE_ID"
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# KV Namespace
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[[kv_namespaces]]
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binding = "KV"
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id = "YOUR_NAMESPACE_ID"
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# R2 Bucket
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[[r2_buckets]]
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binding = "R2_BUCKET"
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bucket_name = "my-bucket"
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# Durable Objects
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[[durable_objects.bindings]]
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name = "COUNTER"
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class_name = "Counter"
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script_name = "my-worker"
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# Queues
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[[queues.producers]]
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binding = "MY_QUEUE"
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queue = "my-queue"
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# Workers AI
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[ai]
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binding = "AI"
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# Cron triggers
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[triggers]
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crons = ["0 0 * * *"]
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```
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## Best Practices
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### Performance
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- Keep Workers lightweight (<1MB bundled)
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- Use bindings over fetch (faster than HTTP)
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- Leverage KV and Cache API for frequently accessed data
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- Use D1 batch for multiple queries
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- Stream large responses
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### Security
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- Use `wrangler secret` for API keys
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- Separate production/staging/development environments
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- Validate user input
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- Implement rate limiting (KV or Durable Objects)
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- Configure proper CORS headers
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### Cost Optimization
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- R2 for large files (zero egress fees vs S3)
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- KV for caching (reduce D1/R2 requests)
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- Request deduplication with caching
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- Efficient D1 queries (proper indexing)
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- Monitor usage via Cloudflare Analytics
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## Decision Matrix
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| Need | Choose |
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|------|--------|
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| Sub-millisecond reads | KV |
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| SQL queries | D1 |
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| Large files (>25MB) | R2 |
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| Real-time WebSockets | Durable Objects |
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| Async background jobs | Queues |
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| ACID transactions | D1 |
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| Strong consistency | Durable Objects |
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| Zero egress costs | R2 |
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| AI inference | Workers AI |
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| Static site hosting | Pages |
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## Resources
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- Docs: https://developers.cloudflare.com
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- Wrangler: https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/
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- Discord: https://discord.cloudflare.com
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- Examples: https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/examples/
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- Status: https://www.cloudflarestatus.com
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