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skills/documentation/policyengine-writing-skill/SKILL.md
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skills/documentation/policyengine-writing-skill/SKILL.md
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---
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name: policyengine-writing
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description: PolicyEngine writing style for blog posts, documentation, PR descriptions, and research reports - emphasizing active voice, quantitative precision, and neutral tone
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---
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# PolicyEngine Writing Skill
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Use this skill when writing blog posts, documentation, PR descriptions, research reports, or any public-facing PolicyEngine content.
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## When to Use This Skill
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- Writing blog posts about policy analysis
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- Creating PR descriptions
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- Drafting documentation
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- Writing research reports
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- Composing social media posts
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- Creating newsletters
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- Writing README files
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## Core Principles
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PolicyEngine's writing emphasizes clarity, precision, and objectivity.
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1. **Active voice** - Prefer active constructions over passive
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2. **Direct and quantitative** - Use specific numbers, avoid vague adjectives/adverbs
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3. **Sentence case** - Use sentence case for headings, not title case
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4. **Neutral tone** - Describe what policies do, not whether they're good or bad
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5. **Precise language** - Choose exact verbs over vague modifiers
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## Active Voice
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Active voice makes writing clearer and more direct.
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**✅ Correct (Active):**
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```
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Harris proposes expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit
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The reform reduces poverty by 3.2%
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PolicyEngine projects higher costs than other organizations
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We estimate the ten-year costs
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The bill lowers the state's top income tax rate
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Montana raises the EITC from 10% to 20%
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```
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**❌ Wrong (Passive):**
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```
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The Earned Income Tax Credit is proposed to be expanded by Harris
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Poverty is reduced by 3.2% by the reform
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Higher costs are projected by PolicyEngine
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The ten-year costs are estimated
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The state's top income tax rate is lowered by the bill
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The EITC is raised from 10% to 20% by Montana
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```
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## Quantitative and Precise
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Replace vague modifiers with specific numbers and measurements.
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**✅ Correct (Quantitative):**
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```
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Costs the state $245 million
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Benefits 77% of Montana residents
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Lowers the Supplemental Poverty Measure by 0.8%
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Raises net income by $252 in 2026
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The reform affects 14.3 million households
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Hours worked falls by 0.27%, or 411,000 full-time equivalent jobs
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The top decile receives an average benefit of $1,033
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PolicyEngine projects costs 40% higher than the Tax Foundation
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```
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**❌ Wrong (Vague adjectives/adverbs):**
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```
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Significantly costs the state
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Benefits most Montana residents
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Greatly lowers poverty
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Substantially raises net income
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The reform affects many households
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Hours worked falls considerably
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High earners receive large benefits
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PolicyEngine projects much higher costs
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```
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## Sentence Case for Headings
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Use sentence case (capitalize only the first word and proper nouns) for all headings.
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**✅ Correct (Sentence case):**
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```
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## The proposal
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## Nationwide impacts
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## Household impacts
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## Statewide impacts 2026
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## Case study: the End Child Poverty Act
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## Key findings
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```
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**❌ Wrong (Title case):**
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```
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## The Proposal
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## Nationwide Impacts
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## Household Impacts
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## Statewide Impacts 2026
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## Case Study: The End Child Poverty Act
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## Key Findings
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```
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## Neutral, Objective Tone
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Describe what policies do without value judgments. Let readers draw their own conclusions from the data.
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**✅ Correct (Neutral):**
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```
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The reform reduces poverty by 3.2% and raises inequality by 0.16%
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Single filers with earnings between $8,000 and $37,000 see their net incomes increase
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The tax changes raise the net income of 75.9% of residents
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PolicyEngine projects higher costs than other organizations
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The top income decile receives 42% of total benefits
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```
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**❌ Wrong (Value judgments):**
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```
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The reform successfully reduces poverty by 3.2% but unfortunately raises inequality
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Low-income workers finally see their net incomes increase
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The tax changes benefit most residents
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PolicyEngine provides more accurate cost estimates
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The wealthiest households receive a disproportionate share of benefits
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```
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## Precise Verbs Over Adverbs
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Choose specific verbs instead of generic verbs modified by adverbs.
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**✅ Correct (Precise verbs):**
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```
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The bill lowers the top rate from 5.9% to 5.4%
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The policy raises the maximum credit from $632 to $1,774
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The reform increases the phase-in rate from 7.65% to 15.3%
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This doubles Montana's EITC from 10% to 20%
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The change eliminates the age cap
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```
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**❌ Wrong (Vague verbs + adverbs):**
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```
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The bill significantly changes the top rate
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The policy substantially increases the maximum credit
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The reform greatly boosts the phase-in rate
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This dramatically expands Montana's EITC
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The change completely removes the age cap
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```
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## Concrete Examples
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Always include specific household examples with precise numbers.
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**✅ Correct:**
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```
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For a single adult with no children and $10,000 of earnings, the tax provisions
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increase their net income by $69 in 2026 and $68 in 2027, solely from the
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doubled EITC match.
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A single parent of two kids with an annual income of $50,000 will see a $252
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increase to their net income: $179 from the expanded EITC, and $73 from the
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lower bracket threshold.
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A married couple with no dependents and $200,000 of earnings will see their
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liability drop by $1,306 in 2027.
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```
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**❌ Wrong:**
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```
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Low-income workers see modest increases to their net income from the
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expanded EITC.
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Families with children benefit substantially from the tax changes.
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High earners also see significant reductions in their tax liability.
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```
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## Tables and Data
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Use tables liberally to present data clearly. Always include units and context.
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**Example 1: Tax parameters over time**
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| Year | Phase-in rate | Max credit | Phase-out start | Phase-out rate |
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| ---- | ------------- | ---------- | --------------- | -------------- |
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| 2025 | 15.3% | $1,774 | $13,706 | 15.3% |
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| 2026 | 15.3% | $1,815 | $14,022 | 15.3% |
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| 2027 | 15.3% | $1,852 | $14,306 | 15.3% |
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**Example 2: Household impacts**
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| Household composition | 2026 net income change | 2027 net income change |
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| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ---------------------- |
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| Single, no children, $10,000 | $66 | $68 |
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| Single, two children, $50,000 | $252 | $266 |
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| Married, no children, $200,000 | $853 | $1,306 |
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**Example 3: Ten-year costs**
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| Year | Federal cost ($ billions) |
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| ------- | ------------------------- |
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| 2025 | 14.3 |
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| 2026 | 14.4 |
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| 2027 | 14.7 |
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| 2025-34 | 143.7 |
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## Avoid Superlatives
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Replace superlative claims with specific comparisons.
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**✅ Correct:**
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```
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PolicyEngine projects costs 40% higher than the Tax Foundation
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The top decile receives an average benefit of $1,033
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The reform reduces child poverty by 3.2 percentage points
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This represents Montana's largest income tax cut since 2021
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```
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**❌ Wrong:**
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```
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PolicyEngine provides the most accurate cost projections
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The wealthiest households receive massive benefits
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The reform dramatically slashes child poverty
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This is Montana's largest income tax cut in history
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```
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## Structure and Organization
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Follow a clear hierarchical structure with key findings up front.
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**Standard blog post structure:**
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```markdown
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# Title (H1)
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Opening paragraph states what happened and when, with a link to PolicyEngine.
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Key results in [year]:
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- Cost: $245 million
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- Benefits: 77% of residents
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- Poverty impact: Reduces SPM by 0.8%
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- Inequality impact: Raises Gini by 0.16%
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## The proposal (H2)
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Detailed description of the policy changes, often with a table showing
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the specific parameter values.
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## Household impacts (H2)
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Specific examples for representative household types.
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### Example 1: Single filer (H3)
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Detailed calculation...
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### Example 2: Family with children (H3)
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Detailed calculation...
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## Statewide impacts (H2)
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Population-level analysis with charts and tables.
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### Budgetary impact (H3)
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Cost/revenue estimates...
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### Distributional impact (H3)
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Winners/losers by income decile...
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### Poverty and inequality (H3)
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Impact on poverty rates and inequality measures...
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## Methodology (H2)
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Explanation of data sources, modeling approach, and caveats.
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```
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## Common Patterns
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### Opening Paragraphs
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State the facts directly with dates, actors, and actions:
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```
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[On April 28, 2025], Governor Greg Gianforte (R-MT) signed House Bill 337,
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a bill that amends Montana's individual income tax code.
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Vice President Harris proposes expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
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for filers without qualifying dependents.
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In her economic plan, Harris proposes to restore the expanded Earned Income
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Tax Credit for workers without children to its level under the American
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Rescue Plan Act in 2021.
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```
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### Key Findings Format
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Lead with bullet points of quantitative results:
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```
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Key results in 2027:
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- Costs the state $245 million
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- Benefits 77% of Montana residents
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- Lowers the Supplemental Poverty Measure by 0.8%
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- Raises the Gini index by 0.16%
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```
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### Methodological Transparency
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Always specify the model, version, and assumptions:
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```
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Based on static microsimulation modeling with PolicyEngine US (version 1.103.0),
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we project the following economic impacts for 2025.
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Assuming no behavioral responses, we project that the EITC expansion will cost
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the federal government $14.3 billion in 2025.
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Incorporating elasticities of labor supply used by the Congressional Budget Office
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increases the reform's cost.
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Over the ten-year budget window, this amounts to $143.7 billion.
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```
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### Household Examples
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Always include the household composition, income, and specific dollar impacts:
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```
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For a single adult with no children and $10,000 of earnings, the tax provisions
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increase their net income by $69 in 2026 and $68 in 2027.
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A single parent of two kids with an annual income of $50,000 will see a $252
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increase to their net income due to House Bill 337: $179 from the expanded EITC,
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and $73 from the lower bracket threshold.
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```
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## Examples in Context
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### Blog Post Opening
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**✅ Correct:**
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```
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On April 28, 2025, Governor Gianforte signed House Bill 337, which lowers
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Montana's top income tax rate from 5.9% to 5.4% and doubles the state EITC
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from 10% to 20% of the federal credit.
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Key results in 2027:
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- Costs the state $245 million
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- Benefits 77% of Montana residents
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- Lowers the Supplemental Poverty Measure by 0.8%
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- Raises the Gini index by 0.16%
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Use PolicyEngine to view the full results or calculate the effect on your
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household.
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```
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**❌ Wrong:**
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```
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On April 28, 2025, Governor Gianforte made history by signing an amazing new
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tax cut bill that will dramatically help Montana families. House Bill 337
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significantly reduces tax rates and greatly expands the EITC.
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This groundbreaking reform will:
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- Cost the state money
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- Help most residents
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- Reduce poverty substantially
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- Impact inequality
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Check out PolicyEngine to see how much you could save!
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```
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### PR Description
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**✅ Correct:**
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```
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## Summary
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This PR adds Claude Code plugin configuration to enable automated installation
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of agents and skills for PolicyEngine development.
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## Changes
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- Add plugin auto-install configuration in .claude/settings.json
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- Configure auto-install of country-models plugin from PolicyEngine/policyengine-claude
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## Benefits
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- Access to 15 specialized agents
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- 3 slash commands (/encode-policy, /review-pr, /fix-pr)
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- 2 skills (policyengine-us-skill, policyengine-standards-skill)
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## Testing
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After merging, team members trust the repo and the plugin auto-installs.
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```
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**❌ Wrong:**
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```
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## Summary
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This amazing PR adds incredible new Claude Code plugin support that will
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revolutionize PolicyEngine development!
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## Changes
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- Adds some configuration files
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- Sets up plugins and stuff
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## Benefits
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- Gets you lots of cool new features
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- Makes development much easier
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- Provides great new tools
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## Testing
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Should work great once merged!
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```
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### Documentation
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**✅ Correct:**
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```
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## Installation
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Install PolicyEngine-US from PyPI:
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```bash
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pip install policyengine-us
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```
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This installs version 1.103.0 or later, which includes support for 2025
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tax parameters.
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```
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**❌ Wrong:**
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```
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## Installation
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Simply install PolicyEngine-US:
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```bash
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pip install policyengine-us
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```
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This will install the latest version with all the newest features!
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```
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## Special Cases
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### Comparisons to Other Organizations
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State facts neutrally without claiming superiority:
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**✅ Correct:**
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```
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PolicyEngine projects higher costs than other organizations when considering
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behavioral responses.
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| Organization | Cost, 2025-2034 ($ billions) |
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| ------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
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| PolicyEngine (static) | 144 |
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| PolicyEngine (dynamic) | 201 |
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| Tax Foundation | 157 |
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| Penn Wharton Budget Model | 135 |
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```
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**❌ Wrong:**
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```
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PolicyEngine provides more accurate estimates than other organizations.
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Unlike other models that underestimate costs, PolicyEngine correctly accounts
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for behavioral responses to project a more realistic $201 billion cost.
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```
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### Discussing Limitations
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Acknowledge limitations directly without hedging:
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**✅ Correct:**
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```
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## Caveats
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The Current Population Survey has several limitations for tax microsimulation:
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- Truncates high incomes for privacy, underestimating tax impacts on high earners
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- Underestimates benefit receipt compared to administrative totals
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- Reflects 2020 data with 2025 policy parameters
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- Lacks detail for specific income types (assumes all capital gains are long-term)
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```
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**❌ Wrong:**
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```
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## Caveats
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While our model is highly sophisticated, like all models it has some potential
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limitations that users should be aware of:
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- The data might not perfectly capture high incomes
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- Benefits may be slightly underestimated
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- We do our best to extrapolate older data to current years
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```
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## Writing Checklist
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||||
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Before publishing, verify:
|
||||
|
||||
- [ ] Use active voice throughout
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||||
- [ ] Include specific numbers for all claims
|
||||
- [ ] Use sentence case for all headings
|
||||
- [ ] Maintain neutral, objective tone
|
||||
- [ ] Choose precise verbs over vague adverbs
|
||||
- [ ] Include concrete household examples
|
||||
- [ ] Present data in tables
|
||||
- [ ] Avoid all superlatives
|
||||
- [ ] Structure with clear hierarchy
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- [ ] Open with key quantitative findings
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- [ ] Specify model version and assumptions
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- [ ] Link to PolicyEngine when relevant
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- [ ] Acknowledge limitations directly
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## Resources
|
||||
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- **Example posts**: See `policyengine-app/src/posts/articles/` for reference implementations
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- **PolicyEngine app**: https://policyengine.org for linking to analyses
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- **Microsimulation docs**: https://policyengine.org/us/docs for methodology details
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user