163 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
163 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
# Proxmox Backup Reference
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## vzdump Overview
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Built-in backup tool for VMs and containers.
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```bash
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# Basic backup
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vzdump <vmid>
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# With options
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vzdump <vmid> --mode snapshot --storage backup-nfs --compress zstd
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# Backup all VMs
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vzdump --all --compress zstd
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```
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## Backup Modes
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| Mode | Downtime | Method | Use Case |
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|------|----------|--------|----------|
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| stop | Full | Shutdown, backup, start | Consistent, any storage |
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| suspend | Brief | Pause, backup, resume | Running state preserved |
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| snapshot | None | LVM/ZFS/Ceph snapshot | Production, requires snapshot storage |
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### Mode Selection
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```bash
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# Stop mode (most consistent)
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vzdump <vmid> --mode stop
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# Suspend mode (preserves RAM state)
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vzdump <vmid> --mode suspend
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# Snapshot mode (live, requires compatible storage)
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vzdump <vmid> --mode snapshot
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```
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## Backup Formats
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| Format | Type | Compression |
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|--------|------|-------------|
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| VMA | VMs | Native Proxmox format |
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| tar | Containers | Standard tar archive |
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## Compression Options
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| Type | Speed | Ratio | CPU |
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|------|-------|-------|-----|
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| none | Fastest | 1:1 | Low |
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| lzo | Fast | Good | Low |
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| gzip | Moderate | Better | Medium |
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| zstd | Fast | Best | Medium |
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Recommendation: `zstd` for best balance.
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```bash
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vzdump <vmid> --compress zstd
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```
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## Storage Configuration
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```bash
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# Backup to specific storage
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vzdump <vmid> --storage backup-nfs
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# Check available backup storage
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pvesm status | grep backup
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```
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## Scheduled Backups
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Configure in Datacenter → Backup:
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- Schedule (cron format)
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- Selection (all, pool, specific VMs)
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- Storage destination
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- Mode and compression
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- Retention policy
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### Retention Policy
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```
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keep-last: 3 # Keep last N backups
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keep-daily: 7 # Keep daily for N days
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keep-weekly: 4 # Keep weekly for N weeks
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keep-monthly: 6 # Keep monthly for N months
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```
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## Restore Operations
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### Full Restore
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```bash
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# Restore VM
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qmrestore <backup-file> <vmid>
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# Restore to different VMID
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qmrestore <backup-file> <new-vmid>
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# Restore container
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pct restore <ctid> <backup-file>
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```
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### Restore Options
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```bash
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# Restore to different storage
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qmrestore <backup> <vmid> --storage local-lvm
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# Force overwrite existing VM
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qmrestore <backup> <vmid> --force
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```
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### File-Level Restore
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```bash
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# Mount backup for file extraction
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# (Use web UI: Backup → Restore → File Restore)
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```
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## Proxmox Backup Server (PBS)
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Dedicated backup server with deduplication.
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### Benefits
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- Deduplication across backups
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- Encryption at rest
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- Verification and integrity checks
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- Efficient incremental backups
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- Remote backup sync
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### Integration
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Add PBS storage:
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```bash
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pvesm add pbs <storage-id> \
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--server <pbs-server> \
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--datastore <datastore> \
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--username <user>@pbs \
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--fingerprint <fingerprint>
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```
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## Backup Best Practices
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- Store backups on separate storage from VMs
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- Use snapshot mode for production VMs
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- Test restores regularly
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- Offsite backup copy for disaster recovery
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- Monitor backup job completion
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- Set appropriate retention policy
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## Troubleshooting
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| Issue | Check |
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| Backup fails | Storage space, VM state, permissions |
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| Slow backup | Mode (snapshot faster), compression, network |
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| Restore fails | Storage compatibility, VMID conflicts |
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| Snapshot fails | Storage doesn't support snapshots |
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