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+# Proxmox Storage Reference
+
+## Storage Types
+
+### Local Storage
+
+| Type | Features | Use Case |
+|------|----------|----------|
+| Directory | Simple, any filesystem | Basic storage |
+| LVM | Block device, raw performance | Performance |
+| LVM-thin | Thin provisioning, snapshots | Efficient space |
+| ZFS | Compression, snapshots, high perf | Production |
+
+Limitations: No live migration, single node only.
+
+### Shared Storage
+
+| Type | Features | Use Case |
+|------|----------|----------|
+| NFS | File-based, simple | Shared access |
+| Ceph RBD | Distributed block, HA | Production HA |
+| iSCSI | Network block | SAN integration |
+| GlusterFS | Distributed file | File sharing |
+
+Benefits: Live migration, HA, shared access.
+
+## Content Types
+
+Configure what each storage can hold:
+
+| Content | Description | File Types |
+|---------|-------------|------------|
+| images | VM disk images | .raw, .qcow2 |
+| iso | ISO images for install | .iso |
+| vztmpl | Container templates | .tar.gz |
+| backup | Backup files | .vma, .tar |
+| rootdir | Container root FS | directories |
+| snippets | Cloud-init, hooks | .yaml, scripts |
+
+## Storage Configuration
+
+### Add NFS Storage
+
+```bash
+pvesm add nfs <storage-id> \
+  --server <nfs-server> \
+  --export <export-path> \
+  --content images,iso,backup
+```
+
+### Add Ceph RBD
+
+```bash
+pvesm add rbd <storage-id> \
+  --monhost <mon1>,<mon2>,<mon3> \
+  --pool <pool-name> \
+  --content images,rootdir
+```
+
+### Check Storage Status
+
+```bash
+pvesm status                    # All storage status
+pvesh get /storage              # API query
+df -h                           # Disk space
+```
+
+## Disk Formats
+
+| Format | Features | Performance |
+|--------|----------|-------------|
+| raw | No overhead, full allocation | Fastest |
+| qcow2 | Snapshots, thin provisioning | Moderate |
+
+Recommendation: Use `raw` for production, `qcow2` for dev/snapshots.
+
+## Disk Cache Modes
+
+| Mode | Safety | Performance | Use Case |
+|------|--------|-------------|----------|
+| none | Safe | Good | Default, recommended |
+| writeback | Unsafe | Best | Non-critical, battery backup |
+| writethrough | Safe | Moderate | Compatibility |
+| directsync | Safest | Slow | Critical data |
+
+## Storage Performance
+
+### Enable Discard (TRIM)
+
+For SSD thin provisioning:
+
+```
+scsi0: local-lvm:vm-100-disk-0,discard=on
+```
+
+### I/O Thread
+
+Dedicated I/O thread per disk:
+
+```
+scsi0: local-lvm:vm-100-disk-0,iothread=1
+```
+
+### I/O Limits
+
+Throttle disk bandwidth:
+
+```
+# In VM config
+bwlimit: <KiB/s>
+iops_rd: <iops>
+iops_wr: <iops>
+```
+
+## Cloud-Init Storage
+
+Cloud-init configs stored in `snippets` content type:
+
+```bash
+# Upload cloud-init files
+scp user-data.yaml root@proxmox:/var/lib/vz/snippets/
+
+# Or to named storage
+scp user-data.yaml root@proxmox:/mnt/pve/<storage>/snippets/
+```
+
+Reference in VM:
+
+```
+cicustom: user=<storage>:snippets/user-data.yaml
+```
+
+## Backup Storage
+
+### Recommended Configuration
+
+- Separate storage for backups
+- NFS or dedicated backup server
+- Sufficient space for retention policy
+
+### Backup Retention
+
+Configure in Datacenter → Backup:
+
+```
+keep-last: 3
+keep-daily: 7
+keep-weekly: 4
+keep-monthly: 6
+```