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---
name: routing-performance-implementation
description: Configure routing with lazy loading, implement route guards, set up preloading strategies, optimize change detection, analyze bundles, and implement performance optimizations.
---
# Routing & Performance Implementation Skill
## Quick Start
### Basic Routing
```typescript
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { RouterModule, Routes } from '@angular/router';
import { HomeComponent, AboutComponent, NotFoundComponent } from './components';
const routes: Routes = [
{ path: '', component: HomeComponent },
{ path: 'about', component: AboutComponent },
{ path: '**', component: NotFoundComponent }
];
@NgModule({
imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],
exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }
```
### Navigation
```typescript
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
@Component({
template: `
<button (click)="goHome()">Home</button>
<a routerLink="/about">About</a>
<a routerLink="/users" [queryParams]="{ tab: 'active' }">Users</a>
`
})
export class NavComponent {
constructor(private router: Router) {}
goHome() {
this.router.navigate(['/']);
}
}
```
### Route Parameters
```typescript
const routes: Routes = [
{ path: 'users/:id', component: UserDetailComponent },
{ path: 'users/:id/posts/:postId', component: PostDetailComponent }
];
// Component
@Component({...})
export class UserDetailComponent {
userId!: string;
constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {
this.route.params.subscribe(params => {
this.userId = params['id'];
});
}
}
// Or with snapshot
ngOnInit() {
const id = this.route.snapshot.params['id'];
}
```
## Lazy Loading
### Feature Modules with Lazy Loading
```typescript
// app-routing.module.ts
const routes: Routes = [
{ path: '', component: HomeComponent },
{
path: 'users',
loadChildren: () => import('./users/users.module').then(m => m.UsersModule)
},
{
path: 'products',
loadChildren: () => import('./products/products.module').then(m => m.ProductsModule)
}
];
// users/users-routing.module.ts
const routes: Routes = [
{ path: '', component: UserListComponent },
{ path: ':id', component: UserDetailComponent }
];
@NgModule({
imports: [RouterModule.forChild(routes)],
exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class UsersRoutingModule { }
```
### Lazy Loading with Standalone Components
```typescript
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: 'admin',
loadChildren: () => import('./admin/admin.routes').then(m => m.ADMIN_ROUTES)
}
];
// admin/admin.routes.ts
export const ADMIN_ROUTES: Routes = [
{ path: '', component: AdminDashboardComponent },
{ path: 'users', component: AdminUsersComponent }
];
```
## Route Guards
### CanActivate Guard
```typescript
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { CanActivate, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, Router } from '@angular/router';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
import { map } from 'rxjs/operators';
@Injectable()
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(
private authService: AuthService,
private router: Router
) {}
canActivate(
route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot,
state: RouterStateSnapshot
): Observable<boolean> {
return this.authService.isAuthenticated$.pipe(
map(isAuth => {
if (isAuth) return true;
this.router.navigate(['/login'], { queryParams: { returnUrl: state.url } });
return false;
})
);
}
}
// Usage
const routes: Routes = [
{ path: 'admin', component: AdminComponent, canActivate: [AuthGuard] }
];
```
### CanDeactivate Guard
```typescript
export interface CanComponentDeactivate {
canDeactivate: () => Observable<boolean> | boolean;
}
@Injectable()
export class CanDeactivateGuard implements CanDeactivate<CanComponentDeactivate> {
canDeactivate(component: CanComponentDeactivate): Observable<boolean> | boolean {
return component.canDeactivate();
}
}
// Component
@Component({...})
export class FormComponent implements CanComponentDeactivate {
form!: FormGroup;
canDeactivate(): Observable<boolean> | boolean {
return !this.form.dirty || confirm('Discard changes?');
}
}
// Usage
{ path: 'form', component: FormComponent, canDeactivate: [CanDeactivateGuard] }
```
### Resolve Guard
```typescript
@Injectable()
export class UserResolver implements Resolve<User> {
constructor(private userService: UserService) {}
resolve(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): Observable<User> {
return this.userService.getUser(route.params['id']);
}
}
// Usage
{
path: 'users/:id',
component: UserDetailComponent,
resolve: { user: UserResolver }
}
// Component receives data
@Component({...})
export class UserDetailComponent {
user!: User;
constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {
this.route.data.subscribe(data => {
this.user = data['user'];
});
}
}
```
## Query Parameters
```typescript
// Navigation
this.router.navigate(['/users'], {
queryParams: {
page: 1,
sort: 'name',
filter: 'active'
}
});
// Reading
this.route.queryParams.subscribe(params => {
const page = params['page'];
const sort = params['sort'];
});
// Template
<a [routerLink]="['/users']" [queryParams]="{ page: 2, sort: 'name' }">
Next Page
</a>
```
## Fragment (Hash)
```typescript
// Navigation
this.router.navigate(['/docs'], { fragment: 'section1' });
// Reading
this.route.fragment.subscribe(fragment => {
console.log('Fragment:', fragment);
});
// Template
<a routerLink="/docs" fragment="section1">Section 1</a>
```
## Preloading Strategies
```typescript
// Default: no preloading
RouterModule.forRoot(routes);
// Preload all lazy modules
RouterModule.forRoot(routes, {
preloadingStrategy: PreloadAllModules
});
// Custom preloading strategy
@Injectable()
export class SelectivePreloadingStrategy implements PreloadingStrategy {
preload(route: Route, load: () => Observable<any>): Observable<any> {
if (route.data && route.data['preload']) {
return load();
}
return of(null);
}
}
// Usage
const routes: Routes = [
{ path: 'users', loadChildren: '...', data: { preload: true } }
];
RouterModule.forRoot(routes, {
preloadingStrategy: SelectivePreloadingStrategy
})
```
## Route Reuse Strategy
```typescript
@Injectable()
export class CustomRouteReuseStrategy implements RouteReuseStrategy {
storedRoutes: { [key: string]: RouteData } = {};
shouldDetach(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): boolean {
return route.data['cache'] === true;
}
store(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, detachedTree: DetachedRouteHandle): void {
this.storedRoutes[route.url.join('/')] = { route, handle: detachedTree };
}
shouldAttach(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): boolean {
return !!this.storedRoutes[route.url.join('/')];
}
retrieve(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): DetachedRouteHandle | null {
return this.storedRoutes[route.url.join('/')]?.handle || null;
}
shouldReuseRoute(future: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, current: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): boolean {
return future.routeConfig === current.routeConfig;
}
}
```
## Performance Optimization
### Code Splitting
```typescript
// Only load admin module when needed
{
path: 'admin',
loadChildren: () => import('./admin/admin.module').then(m => m.AdminModule)
}
```
### Change Detection with Routes
```typescript
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
template: `<router-outlet></router-outlet>`,
changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush
})
export class AppComponent { }
```
### Scroll Position
```typescript
// Scroll to top on route change
RouterModule.forRoot(routes, {
scrollPositionRestoration: 'top'
})
// Or custom scroll
export class ScrollToTopComponent implements OnInit {
constructor(private router: Router) {}
ngOnInit() {
this.router.events.pipe(
filter(event => event instanceof NavigationEnd)
).subscribe(() => {
window.scrollTo(0, 0);
});
}
}
```
## Advanced Patterns
### Auxiliary Routes
```typescript
// URL: /users/1(admin:admin-panel)
<router-outlet></router-outlet>
<router-outlet name="admin"></router-outlet>
// Navigation
this.router.navigate([
{ outlets: {
primary: ['users', userId],
admin: ['admin-panel']
}}
]);
```
### Child Routes with Components
```typescript
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: 'dashboard',
component: DashboardComponent,
children: [
{ path: 'stats', component: StatsComponent },
{ path: 'reports', component: ReportsComponent }
]
}
];
// DashboardComponent template
<nav>
<a routerLink="stats" routerLinkActive="active">Stats</a>
<a routerLink="reports" routerLinkActive="active">Reports</a>
</nav>
<router-outlet></router-outlet>
```
## Testing Routes
```typescript
describe('Routing', () => {
let router: Router;
let location: Location;
let fixture: ComponentFixture<AppComponent>;
beforeEach(async () => {
await TestBed.configureTestingModule({
imports: [AppRoutingModule, AppComponent]
}).compileComponents();
router = TestBed.inject(Router);
location = TestBed.inject(Location);
fixture = TestBed.createComponent(AppComponent);
});
it('should navigate to home', fakeAsync(() => {
router.navigate(['']);
tick();
expect(location.path()).toBe('/');
}));
});
```
## Best Practices
1. **Lazy load features**: Reduce initial bundle size
2. **Use route guards**: Control access and preload data
3. **Implement RouteReuseStrategy**: Cache components when needed
4. **Handle 404s**: Provide meaningful error pages
5. **Query params for filters**: Keep state in URL
6. **Preload strategically**: Balance performance vs initial load
7. **Use fragments for anchors**: Scroll to page sections
## Resources
- [Angular Routing Guide](https://angular.io/guide/router)
- [Route Guards](https://angular.io/guide/router-tutorial-toh)
- [Lazy Loading](https://angular.io/guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules)