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---
description: Generate /etc/network/interfaces configuration files
argument-hint: Optional interface requirements
---
You are initiating /etc/network/interfaces configuration generation using a structured workflow to create production-ready Debian/Ubuntu networking configuration files.
## Workflow Steps
### 1. Gather Requirements
If the user provides specific requirements in their message, use those directly. Otherwise, ask the user for:
**Basic Requirements:**
- Target system (Debian version, Ubuntu version)
- Interfaces to configure (eth0, enp0s3, etc.)
- IP addressing method (static, DHCP, or both)
- DNS nameservers
- Search domains
**For Static IP Configuration:**
- IP address and netmask (e.g., 192.168.1.100/24)
- Gateway IP address
- Additional IP addresses (if needed)
**For VLAN Configuration:**
- VLAN IDs and parent interfaces
- IP addressing for each VLAN
- VLAN naming convention
**For Bridge Configuration:**
- Bridge interfaces to create
- Physical interfaces to attach to bridges
- STP settings (on/off)
- IP addressing for bridges
- Use case (virtualization, container networking)
**For Bond Configuration:**
- Bond interfaces to create
- Physical interfaces to bond
- Bond mode (active-backup, 802.3ad, balance-rr, etc.)
- MII monitoring interval
- Primary interface (for active-backup)
**Advanced Options:**
- MTU settings (jumbo frames)
- Static routes
- Policy routing
- IPv6 configuration
- Pre/post up/down scripts
### 2. Launch interfaces-config-generator Agent
Use the Task tool to launch the interfaces-config-generator agent with a detailed prompt containing:
```
Generate /etc/network/interfaces configuration for the following requirements:
[Insert gathered requirements here with all details]
Please provide:
1. Complete /etc/network/interfaces file content
2. List of required packages to install
3. Step-by-step deployment procedure
4. Validation commands
5. Rollback procedure
6. Comments explaining each section
```
### 3. Review Generated Configuration
When the agent returns the configuration, review it for:
- Correct syntax and indentation
- Loopback interface inclusion
- Proper use of auto/allow-hotplug directives
- No conflicting gateway definitions
- Correct netmask/CIDR notation
- Required package dependencies documented
### 4. Identify Required Packages
Ensure the configuration includes a list of required packages:
**Common Package Requirements:**
```bash
# Base networking (usually pre-installed)
apt-get install ifupdown
# For VLAN support
apt-get install vlan
# For bridge support
apt-get install bridge-utils
# For bonding support
apt-get install ifenslave
# For advanced routing
apt-get install iproute2
```
### 5. Present Deployment Procedure
Ensure the generated configuration includes a safe deployment procedure:
1. **Install Required Packages**
```bash
# Update package lists
sudo apt-get update
# Install required packages
sudo apt-get install -y vlan bridge-utils ifenslave
# Load kernel modules
sudo modprobe 8021q # VLAN support
sudo modprobe bonding # Bonding support
# Make modules load at boot
echo "8021q" | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
echo "bonding" | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
```
2. **Backup Current Configuration**
```bash
# Backup interfaces file
sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.backup.$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
# Backup current network state
ip addr show > ~/network-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).txt
ip route show >> ~/network-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).txt
```
3. **Test Configuration Syntax**
```bash
# Test interface bring-up without actually applying
sudo ifup --no-act eth0
sudo ifup --no-act <interface-name>
# Check for syntax errors in the file
sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces | grep -E "^(auto|allow-hotplug|iface)"
```
4. **Deploy New Configuration**
```bash
# Copy new configuration
sudo cp new-interfaces /etc/network/interfaces
# Set correct permissions
sudo chmod 644 /etc/network/interfaces
sudo chown root:root /etc/network/interfaces
```
5. **Apply Configuration**
```bash
# Method 1: Restart networking service (may cause temporary disconnection)
sudo systemctl restart networking
# Method 2: Bring down and up specific interfaces
sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0
# Method 3: Reboot (safest for complex changes)
sudo reboot
```
6. **Verify Configuration**
```bash
# Check interface status
ip addr show
# Check routing table
ip route show
# Test connectivity
ping -c 4 <gateway-ip>
ping -c 4 8.8.8.8
# Check DNS resolution
nslookup google.com
```
### 6. Provide Validation Commands
Include comprehensive validation commands:
**Interface Status:**
```bash
# Show all interfaces
ip addr show
# Show specific interface
ip addr show eth0
# Show interface statistics
ip -s link show eth0
# Check interface up/down state
ip link show | grep "state UP"
```
**Routing Validation:**
```bash
# Show main routing table
ip route show
# Show all routing tables
ip route show table all
# Show specific route
ip route get 8.8.8.8
```
**VLAN Validation:**
```bash
# Check VLAN interfaces
cat /proc/net/vlan/config
# Show VLAN interface details
ip -d link show eth0.100
```
**Bridge Validation:**
```bash
# Show bridge interfaces
brctl show
# Show bridge details
bridge link show
# Check STP status
brctl showstp br0
```
**Bond Validation:**
```bash
# Check bonding status
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
# Show bond interface details
ip -d link show bond0
```
### 7. Include Troubleshooting Commands
Provide troubleshooting commands for common issues:
**Interface Not Coming Up:**
```bash
# Check interface configuration
sudo ifquery eth0
# Try manual bring-up with verbose output
sudo ifup -v eth0
# Check system logs
sudo journalctl -u networking -n 50
# Check interface configuration file syntax
sudo ifquery --list
```
**No Network Connectivity:**
```bash
# Check interface status
ip link show
# Check IP addressing
ip addr show
# Check default route
ip route show default
# Check physical link
ethtool eth0
# Test ARP
ip neigh show
```
**VLAN Issues:**
```bash
# Verify VLAN module loaded
lsmod | grep 8021q
# Check VLAN interface
cat /proc/net/vlan/eth0.100
# Manually create VLAN to test
sudo ip link add link eth0 name eth0.100 type vlan id 100
```
**Bridge Issues:**
```bash
# Check bridge configuration
brctl show
# View bridge MAC learning table
brctl showmacs br0
# Check STP state
brctl showstp br0
```
**Bond Issues:**
```bash
# Check bonding module
lsmod | grep bonding
# View bond status
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
# Check bond mode and slaves
ip -d link show bond0
```
### 8. Document Rollback Procedure
Ensure rollback procedure is clearly documented:
```bash
# Method 1: Restore backup configuration
sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces.backup.YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS /etc/network/interfaces
sudo systemctl restart networking
# Method 2: Manual interface configuration (temporary)
sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0
sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
sudo ip link set eth0 up
# Method 3: Boot into recovery mode
# Reboot and select recovery mode from GRUB menu
# Edit /etc/network/interfaces manually
# Resume normal boot
# Verify rollback
ip addr show
ip route show
ping -c 4 <gateway-ip>
```
## Best Practices
When generating /etc/network/interfaces configurations:
1. **Always Include Loopback**
```
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
```
2. **Use auto vs allow-hotplug Appropriately**
- `auto`: For interfaces that should always come up at boot
- `allow-hotplug`: For removable devices (USB, wireless)
3. **Consistent Indentation**
- Use spaces or tabs consistently
- Indent option lines under iface declarations
4. **Gateway Configuration**
- Only one default gateway per address family
- Specify gateway on the primary internet-facing interface
5. **Documentation**
- Add comments explaining complex configurations
- Document interface purposes
- Note any external dependencies
6. **Testing**
- Always use `ifup --no-act` before applying
- Test in non-production first
- Have console access before making changes
- Keep backup configurations
7. **Modular Configuration**
- Use `/etc/network/interfaces.d/` for complex setups
- Separate VLANs, bridges, bonds into different files
## Common Scenarios
### Simple Static IP Server
```
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
```
### DHCP with Static Route
```
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
up ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.1.254
down ip route del 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.1.254
```
### VLAN Configuration
```
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
auto eth0.100
iface eth0.100 inet static
address 10.0.100.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
vlan-raw-device eth0
```
### Bridge for Virtualization
```
auto br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
bridge_ports eth0 eth1
bridge_stp off
bridge_fd 0
```
### Active-Backup Bond
```
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
bond-slaves eth0 eth1
bond-mode active-backup
bond-miimon 100
bond-primary eth0
```
## Migration Notes
**For Systems Using Netplan:**
- Ubuntu 17.10+ uses netplan by default
- /etc/network/interfaces is deprecated on these systems
- Consider using generate-netplan-config instead
- If using interfaces file on netplan systems, disable netplan renderer
**Checking Current Network Manager:**
```bash
# Check if netplan is active
ls -la /etc/netplan/
# Check if using systemd-networkd
systemctl status systemd-networkd
# Check if using NetworkManager
systemctl status NetworkManager
# Check if using ifupdown
systemctl status networking
```
## Notes
- /etc/network/interfaces is the traditional Debian/Ubuntu networking configuration
- Widely supported across Debian 6-11 and Ubuntu versions pre-17.10
- Still commonly used for servers and systems requiring fine-grained control
- Requires ifupdown package
- Configuration changes require interface restart or system reboot
- Not all features available with all network managers
## Example Task Invocation
```
generate-interfaces-config I need static IP 192.168.1.50/24 on eth0 with gateway 192.168.1.1, two VLANs (VLAN 100 and 200), and a bridge br0 for KVM
```