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Zhongwei Li
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# Python Installation - macOS
## Check Current Version
```bash
python3 --version
```
If you see Python 3.11+, you're good to go! [← Back to main skill](../SKILL.md#step-2-create-virtual-environment)
---
## Installation Methods
### Option 1: Homebrew (Recommended)
**Why Homebrew:**
- Easy updates: `brew upgrade python@3.13`
- Manages dependencies automatically
- Industry standard on macOS
**Install Homebrew (if not installed):**
```bash
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
```
**Install Python 3.13:**
```bash
brew install python@3.13
```
**Verify installation:**
```bash
python3.13 --version
# Or if it's the default:
python3 --version
```
**Add to PATH (if needed):**
```bash
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc # For M1/M2 Macs
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc # For Intel Macs
source ~/.zshrc
```
---
### Option 2: Official Python Installer
**When to use:** You want specific Python version or don't use Homebrew
**Steps:**
1. Visit [python.org/downloads](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
2. Click "Download Python 3.13.x" button
3. Open downloaded `.pkg` file
4. Follow installation wizard
5. Restart Terminal
**Verify:**
```bash
python3 --version
```
**Add to PATH (if needed):**
```bash
echo 'export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
```
---
### Option 3: pyenv (Multiple Python Versions)
**Why pyenv:**
- Manage multiple Python versions side-by-side
- Easy switching between projects
- Preferred by professional developers
**Install pyenv:**
```bash
brew install pyenv
```
**Install Python 3.13:**
```bash
pyenv install 3.13.0
```
**Set as global default:**
```bash
pyenv global 3.13.0
```
**Or set for specific project:**
```bash
cd /path/to/project
pyenv local 3.13.0
```
**Configure shell (add to ~/.zshrc):**
```bash
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
```
**Reload shell:**
```bash
source ~/.zshrc
```
**Verify:**
```bash
python --version # Should show 3.13.0
```
---
## Troubleshooting
### Issue: `command not found: python3`
**After Homebrew install:**
```bash
brew link python@3.13
```
**Check where Python is:**
```bash
which python3
brew --prefix python@3.13
```
### Issue: Multiple Python versions conflict
**List all Python installations:**
```bash
which -a python3
ls -l /usr/local/bin/python*
```
**Use specific version:**
```bash
python3.13 -m venv venv # Force Python 3.13
```
### Issue: SSL certificate errors
**Install certificates:**
```bash
/Applications/Python\ 3.13/Install\ Certificates.command
```
Or via Homebrew:
```bash
brew install openssl
```
### Issue: Xcode Command Line Tools needed
**Install:**
```bash
xcode-select --install
```
---
## Verification Checklist
- [ ] `python3 --version` shows 3.11+
- [ ] `which python3` shows installation path
- [ ] `python3 -m pip --version` works
- [ ] `python3 -m venv test_venv` creates test environment
- [ ] Can activate test venv: `source test_venv/bin/activate`
**Clean up test:**
```bash
rm -rf test_venv
```
---
[← Back to django-project-setup](../SKILL.md)