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+# Adapter Reference Guide
+
+Complete guide for choosing between HTTP and WebSocket adapters.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Quick Decision Matrix](#quick-decision-matrix)
+- [HTTP Adapter](#http-adapter-neondatabaseserverless-with-neon-http)
+- [WebSocket Adapter](#websocket-adapter-neondatabaseserverless-with-neon-serverless)
+- [Framework-Specific Recommendations](#framework-specific-recommendations)
+- [Mixed Environments](#mixed-environments)
+- [Feature Comparison Table](#feature-comparison-table)
+- [Performance Considerations](#performance-considerations)
+- [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
+- [Migration Between Adapters](#migration-between-adapters)
+- [Choosing the Right Adapter](#choosing-the-right-adapter)
+- [Related Resources](#related-resources)
+
+---
+
+## Quick Decision Matrix
+
+| Environment | Adapter | Reason |
+|-------------|---------|--------|
+| Vercel | HTTP | Edge functions, stateless |
+| Cloudflare Workers | HTTP | Edge runtime, no WebSocket |
+| AWS Lambda | HTTP | Stateless, cold starts |
+| Next.js (Vercel) | HTTP | App Router, Edge Runtime |
+| Express/Fastify | WebSocket | Long-lived connections |
+| Node.js server | WebSocket | Connection pooling |
+| Bun server | WebSocket | Persistent runtime |
+
+## HTTP Adapter (@neondatabase/serverless with neon-http)
+
+### When to Use
+
+✅ **Serverless/Edge environments:**
+- Vercel Edge Functions
+- Cloudflare Workers
+- AWS Lambda
+- Deno Deploy
+- Next.js App Router (default)
+
+✅ **Characteristics:**
+- Stateless requests
+- Cold starts
+- Short execution time
+- No persistent connections
+
+### Setup
+
+**Installation:**
+```bash
+npm add drizzle-orm @neondatabase/serverless
+npm add -D drizzle-kit
+```
+
+**Connection:**
+```typescript
+import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-http';
+import { neon } from '@neondatabase/serverless';
+
+const sql = neon(process.env.DATABASE_URL!);
+export const db = drizzle(sql);
+```
+
+**Complete example:** See `templates/db-http.ts`
+
+### Pros
+
+✅ **Perfect for serverless:**
+- No connection management needed
+- Works in edge environments
+- Fast cold starts
+- Auto-scales
+
+✅ **Simple:**
+- Minimal configuration
+- No connection pooling complexity
+- Stateless = predictable
+
+### Cons
+
+❌ **Limited features:**
+- No transactions
+- No prepared statements
+- No streaming
+- Higher latency per query
+
+❌ **Not ideal for:**
+- Batch operations
+- Complex transactions
+- High-frequency queries from same process
+
+### Best Practices
+
+**1. Use batch for multiple operations:**
+```typescript
+await db.batch([
+  db.insert(users).values({ email: 'test@example.com' }),
+  db.insert(posts).values({ title: 'Test' }),
+]);
+```
+
+**2. Cache query results:**
+```typescript
+import { unstable_cache } from 'next/cache';
+
+const getUsers = unstable_cache(
+  async () => db.select().from(users),
+  ['users'],
+  { revalidate: 60 }
+);
+```
+
+**3. Minimize round trips:**
+```typescript
+const usersWithPosts = await db.query.users.findMany({
+  with: { posts: true },
+});
+```
+
+## WebSocket Adapter (@neondatabase/serverless with neon-serverless)
+
+### When to Use
+
+✅ **Long-lived processes:**
+- Express/Fastify servers
+- Standard Node.js applications
+- Background workers
+- WebSocket servers
+- Bun applications
+
+✅ **Characteristics:**
+- Persistent connections
+- Long execution time
+- Connection pooling
+- Complex transactions
+
+### Setup
+
+**Installation:**
+```bash
+npm add drizzle-orm @neondatabase/serverless ws
+npm add -D drizzle-kit @types/ws
+```
+
+**Connection:**
+```typescript
+import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-serverless';
+import { Pool, neonConfig } from '@neondatabase/serverless';
+import ws from 'ws';
+
+neonConfig.webSocketConstructor = ws;
+
+const pool = new Pool({
+  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL!,
+  max: 10,
+  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,
+  connectionTimeoutMillis: 5000,
+});
+
+export const db = drizzle(pool);
+```
+
+**Complete example:** See `templates/db-websocket.ts`
+
+### Pros
+
+✅ **Full features:**
+- Transactions
+- Prepared statements
+- Streaming
+- Lower latency (persistent connection)
+
+✅ **Better for:**
+- Multiple queries per request
+- Complex business logic
+- High-frequency operations
+
+### Cons
+
+❌ **More complex:**
+- Connection pool management
+- Need to handle connection errors
+- Not available in edge environments
+
+❌ **Resource considerations:**
+- Connection limits
+- Memory usage
+- Cold start overhead
+
+### Best Practices
+
+**1. Configure connection pool:**
+```typescript
+const pool = new Pool({
+  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL!,
+  max: 10,                    // Max connections
+  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,   // Close idle after 30s
+  connectionTimeoutMillis: 5000, // Timeout after 5s
+});
+```
+
+**2. Graceful shutdown:**
+```typescript
+process.on('SIGTERM', async () => {
+  await pool.end();
+  process.exit(0);
+});
+
+process.on('SIGINT', async () => {
+  await pool.end();
+  process.exit(0);
+});
+```
+
+**3. Use transactions:**
+```typescript
+await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+  const user = await tx.insert(users)
+    .values({ email: 'test@example.com' })
+    .returning();
+
+  await tx.insert(posts)
+    .values({ userId: user[0].id, title: 'First post' });
+});
+```
+
+**4. Handle connection errors:**
+```typescript
+pool.on('error', (err) => {
+  console.error('Unexpected pool error:', err);
+});
+
+pool.on('connect', () => {
+  console.log('Pool connection established');
+});
+```
+
+## Framework-Specific Recommendations
+
+### Next.js
+
+**App Router (default):**
+- Use HTTP adapter (Edge Runtime)
+- Server Actions → HTTP
+- Route Handlers → HTTP
+
+**Pages Router:**
+- API Routes → Either adapter works
+- Recommend HTTP for consistency
+
+**Example:**
+```typescript
+// app/actions/users.ts
+'use server';
+
+import { db } from '@/db'; // HTTP adapter
+import { users } from '@/db/schema';
+
+export async function createUser(email: string) {
+  return db.insert(users).values({ email }).returning();
+}
+```
+
+### Express
+
+**Standard setup:**
+- Use WebSocket adapter
+- Configure connection pool
+- Implement health checks
+
+**Example:**
+```typescript
+import express from 'express';
+import { db } from './db'; // WebSocket adapter
+import { users } from './db/schema';
+
+const app = express();
+
+app.get('/health', async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    await db.select().from(users).limit(1);
+    res.json({ status: 'healthy' });
+  } catch (err) {
+    res.status(500).json({ status: 'unhealthy', error: err.message });
+  }
+});
+
+app.listen(3000);
+```
+
+### Vite/React (SPA)
+
+**Deployment matters:**
+
+**If deploying to Vercel:**
+- API routes → HTTP adapter
+- Static files → No backend needed
+
+**If deploying to Node.js server:**
+- Backend API → WebSocket adapter
+- Frontend → Fetch from API
+
+### Bun
+
+**Recommendation:**
+- Use WebSocket adapter
+- Bun has built-in WebSocket support
+- No need for `ws` package
+
+**Setup:**
+```typescript
+import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-serverless';
+import { Pool } from '@neondatabase/serverless';
+
+const pool = new Pool({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL! });
+export const db = drizzle(pool);
+```
+
+## Mixed Environments
+
+### Using Both Adapters
+
+If you have both serverless and long-lived components:
+
+**Structure:**
+```
+src/
+├── db/
+│   ├── http.ts        # HTTP adapter for serverless
+│   ├── ws.ts          # WebSocket for servers
+│   └── schema.ts      # Shared schema
+```
+
+**HTTP adapter:**
+```typescript
+// src/db/http.ts
+import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-http';
+import { neon } from '@neondatabase/serverless';
+
+const sql = neon(process.env.DATABASE_URL!);
+export const httpDb = drizzle(sql);
+```
+
+**WebSocket adapter:**
+```typescript
+// src/db/ws.ts
+import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-serverless';
+import { Pool, neonConfig } from '@neondatabase/serverless';
+import ws from 'ws';
+
+neonConfig.webSocketConstructor = ws;
+const pool = new Pool({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL! });
+export const wsDb = drizzle(pool);
+```
+
+**Usage:**
+```typescript
+// Vercel Edge Function
+import { httpDb as db } from '@/db/http';
+
+// Express route
+import { wsDb as db } from '@/db/ws';
+```
+
+## Feature Comparison Table
+
+| Feature | HTTP Adapter | WebSocket Adapter |
+|---------|-------------|-------------------|
+| Transactions | ❌ No | ✅ Yes |
+| Prepared statements | ❌ No | ✅ Yes |
+| Streaming results | ❌ No | ✅ Yes |
+| Connection pooling | N/A (stateless) | ✅ Yes |
+| Edge runtime | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
+| Cold start speed | ✅ Fast | ⚠️ Slower |
+| Latency per query | ⚠️ Higher | ✅ Lower |
+| Batch operations | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes |
+| Max connection limit | N/A | ⚠️ Applies |
+
+## Performance Considerations
+
+### HTTP Adapter Performance
+
+**Optimize by:**
+- Minimizing round trips
+- Using batch operations
+- Caching query results
+- Pre-fetching related data
+
+**Typical latency:**
+- Single query: 50-200ms
+- Batch operation: 100-300ms
+
+### WebSocket Adapter Performance
+
+**Optimize by:**
+- Configuring pool size correctly
+- Using transactions for related operations
+- Implementing query caching
+- Monitoring connection usage
+
+**Typical latency:**
+- First query (connection): 50-100ms
+- Subsequent queries: 10-50ms
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### HTTP Adapter Issues
+
+**Problem:** "fetch is not defined"
+- **Solution:** Ensure running in environment with fetch API (Node 18+, edge runtime)
+
+**Problem:** Slow queries
+- **Solution:** Use batch operations, reduce round trips
+
+### WebSocket Adapter Issues
+
+**Problem:** "WebSocket is not defined"
+- **Solution:** Add `neonConfig.webSocketConstructor = ws`
+
+**Problem:** "Too many connections"
+- **Solution:** Reduce pool `max` size, ensure connections are closed
+
+**Problem:** Connection timeouts
+- **Solution:** Increase `connectionTimeoutMillis`, implement retry logic
+
+## Migration Between Adapters
+
+### HTTP → WebSocket
+
+**When:** Moving from serverless to dedicated server.
+
+**Steps:**
+1. Install ws: `npm add ws @types/ws`
+2. Update connection file to WebSocket adapter
+3. Update drizzle.config.ts if needed
+4. Test transactions (now available)
+
+### WebSocket → HTTP
+
+**When:** Moving to serverless/edge deployment.
+
+**Steps:**
+1. Update connection file to HTTP adapter
+2. Remove ws dependency
+3. **Important:** Replace transactions with batch operations
+4. Test thoroughly (feature differences)
+
+## Choosing the Right Adapter
+
+**Ask yourself:**
+
+1. **Where am I deploying?**
+   - Edge/Serverless → HTTP
+   - Node.js server → WebSocket
+
+2. **Do I need transactions?**
+   - Yes → WebSocket
+   - No → Either works
+
+3. **What's my request pattern?**
+   - Short, infrequent → HTTP
+   - Long, frequent → WebSocket
+
+4. **Am I optimizing for?**
+   - Cold starts → HTTP
+   - Latency → WebSocket
+
+**When in doubt:** Start with HTTP (simpler), migrate to WebSocket if needed.
+
+## Related Resources
+
+- `guides/new-project.md` - Setup guides for both adapters
+- `guides/troubleshooting.md` - Connection error solutions
+- `templates/db-http.ts` - HTTP adapter template
+- `templates/db-websocket.ts` - WebSocket adapter template