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Zhongwei Li 87a970c077 Initial commit
2025-11-30 08:40:19 +08:00

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SVG Component Library

Comprehensive reference for SVG shapes, patterns, and techniques for creating stunning diagrams.

SVG Fundamentals

Basic Structure

<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 800" style="width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <defs>
        <!-- Reusable definitions (markers, gradients, patterns) -->
    </defs>

    <g id="group-name">
        <!-- Grouped elements -->
    </g>

    <!-- Direct elements -->
</svg>

ViewBox Explained

Format: viewBox="min-x min-y width height" Example: viewBox="0 0 1200 800"

  • min-x, min-y: Usually 0 0 (top-left origin)
  • width, height: Virtual coordinate system dimensions
  • SVG scales to fit container while maintaining aspect ratio
  • Larger viewBox = more space for content

Common Sizes:

<!-- Wide flowchart -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 400">

<!-- Standard diagram -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 600">

<!-- Detailed flowchart -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 800">

<!-- Square chart -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 600 600">

<!-- Vertical timeline -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 800 1000">

Coordinate System

  • X-axis: Left (0) to right (positive)
  • Y-axis: Top (0) to bottom (positive)
  • Center of 1200×800 viewBox: (600, 400)
  • Units: Relative to viewBox (not pixels)

Basic Shapes

Rectangle

Standard Rectangle:

<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100"
      fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>

Rounded Rectangle:

<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100" rx="10"
      fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>
  • rx: Horizontal corner radius
  • ry: Vertical corner radius (defaults to rx if omitted)

Process Box with Text:

<rect x="50" y="50" width="200" height="100" rx="10"
      fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="150" y="95" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
      font-size="16" font-weight="bold">
    Process Name
</text>
<text x="150" y="115" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="12">
    Subtitle
</text>

Position Calculation:

  • Text X: rect.x + (rect.width / 2) for center
  • Text Y: rect.y + (rect.height / 2) for vertical center (approximately)
  • Baseline adjustment: Add 5-10px to Y for visual centering

Circle

Basic Circle:

<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="50"
        fill="#48bb78" stroke="#2f855a" stroke-width="3"/>
  • cx, cy: Center coordinates
  • r: Radius

Circle with Text (Start/End Node):

<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="50"
        fill="#48bb78" stroke="#2f855a" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="300" y="205" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
      font-size="16" font-weight="bold">
    START
</text>

Small Marker Circle:

<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="15"
        fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>

Ellipse

<ellipse cx="400" cy="200" rx="120" ry="60"
         fill="#9f7aea" stroke="#6b46c1" stroke-width="3"/>
  • rx: Horizontal radius
  • ry: Vertical radius

Path Shapes

Diamond (Decision Node)

Diamond Formula:

Top:    (center-x, top-y)
Right:  (right-x, center-y)
Bottom: (center-x, bottom-y)
Left:   (left-x, center-y)

Example (100px wide, 100px tall, centered at 600, 150):

<path d="M 600 100 L 650 150 L 600 200 L 550 150 Z"
      fill="#fbbf24" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="600" y="155" text-anchor="middle" font-size="14" font-weight="bold">
    Decision?
</text>

Larger Diamond (200×100):

<path d="M 600 130 L 700 130 L 750 180 L 700 230 L 500 230 L 450 180 Z"
      fill="#fbbf24" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="3"/>

Hexagon (Preparation)

Horizontal Hexagon:

<path d="M 900 75 L 1050 75 L 1100 100 L 1050 125 L 900 125 L 850 100 Z"
      fill="#9f7aea" stroke="#6b46c1" stroke-width="3"/>

Pattern:

M [left-mid-x] [top-y]          (start left of top edge)
L [right-mid-x] [top-y]         (top edge)
L [right-x] [center-y]          (top-right slope)
L [right-mid-x] [bottom-y]      (bottom edge)
L [left-mid-x] [bottom-y]       (bottom edge)
L [left-x] [center-y]           (top-left slope)
Z                                (close path)

Parallelogram

<path d="M 100 100 L 280 100 L 250 150 L 70 150 Z"
      fill="#ed8936" stroke="#c05621" stroke-width="3"/>

Custom Polygons

Triangle:

<path d="M 500 100 L 600 200 L 400 200 Z"
      fill="#f56565" stroke="#c53030" stroke-width="3"/>

Pentagon:

<path d="M 500 100 L 580 150 L 550 230 L 450 230 L 420 150 Z"
      fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>

Lines & Arrows

Straight Lines

Horizontal:

<line x1="100" y1="200" x2="300" y2="200"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"/>

Vertical:

<line x1="200" y1="100" x2="200" y2="300"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"/>

Diagonal:

<line x1="100" y1="100" x2="300" y2="300"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"/>

Dashed Line:

<line x1="100" y1="200" x2="300" y2="200"
      stroke="#cbd5e0" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="5,5"/>
  • stroke-dasharray="dash,gap": Pattern of dashes and gaps
  • Common patterns: "5,5" (small), "10,5" (medium), "20,10" (large)

Path-based Lines

Straight line with path:

<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
  • fill="none": Prevents filling (required for non-closed paths used as lines)

L-shaped connector:

<path d="M 250 100 L 400 100 L 400 200"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>

Multi-segment:

<path d="M 100 100 L 200 100 L 200 200 L 300 200"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>

Arrow Markers

Standard Arrowhead Definition:

<defs>
    <marker id="arrowhead" markerWidth="10" markerHeight="10"
            refX="9" refY="3" orient="auto">
        <polygon points="0 0, 10 3, 0 6" fill="#2d3748"/>
    </marker>
</defs>
  • markerWidth/Height: Size of marker viewport
  • refX/refY: Anchor point (where arrow attaches to line)
  • orient="auto": Rotates to match line angle

Colored Arrows:

<defs>
    <marker id="arrowhead-success" markerWidth="10" markerHeight="10"
            refX="9" refY="3" orient="auto">
        <polygon points="0 0, 10 3, 0 6" fill="#48bb78"/>
    </marker>

    <marker id="arrowhead-error" markerWidth="10" markerHeight="10"
            refX="9" refY="3" orient="auto">
        <polygon points="0 0, 10 3, 0 6" fill="#f56565"/>
    </marker>
</defs>

Using Arrows:

<!-- Arrow at end -->
<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200" stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"
      fill="none" marker-end="url(#arrowhead)"/>

<!-- Arrow at start -->
<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200" stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"
      fill="none" marker-start="url(#arrowhead)"/>

<!-- Arrows at both ends -->
<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200" stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"
      fill="none" marker-start="url(#arrowhead)" marker-end="url(#arrowhead)"/>

Curved Lines (Bezier Curves)

Quadratic Bezier (Q):

<path d="M 100 200 Q 200 100 300 200"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
  • Format: Q control-x control-y end-x end-y
  • One control point

Cubic Bezier (C):

<path d="M 100 200 C 150 100, 250 100, 300 200"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
  • Format: C control1-x control1-y control2-x control2-y end-x end-y
  • Two control points (more control)

Smooth Curve Through Points:

<path d="M 100 200 Q 150 150 200 200 T 300 200"
      stroke="#4299e1" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
  • T: Smooth continuation of quadratic curve

Text Elements

Basic Text

<text x="100" y="100" font-size="16" fill="#2d3748">
    Simple Text
</text>

Text Anchoring

Horizontal Alignment:

<!-- Left-aligned (default) -->
<text x="100" y="100" text-anchor="start">Left</text>

<!-- Center-aligned -->
<text x="100" y="100" text-anchor="middle">Center</text>

<!-- Right-aligned -->
<text x="100" y="100" text-anchor="end">Right</text>

Vertical Alignment:

<!-- Baseline (default) -->
<text x="100" y="100" dominant-baseline="auto">Baseline</text>

<!-- Middle -->
<text x="100" y="100" dominant-baseline="middle">Middle</text>

<!-- Hanging (top) -->
<text x="100" y="100" dominant-baseline="hanging">Top</text>

Note: For reliable vertical centering, calculate Y position manually rather than relying on dominant-baseline (browser support varies).

Text Styling

<text x="100" y="100"
      font-size="18"
      font-weight="bold"
      font-style="italic"
      fill="#2d3748"
      opacity="0.8">
    Styled Text
</text>

Font Families in SVG:

<text x="100" y="100" font-family="'Segoe UI', sans-serif">
    Custom Font
</text>

Multi-line Text

Using Multiple Elements:

<text x="150" y="90" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="16" font-weight="bold">
    Line 1
</text>
<text x="150" y="110" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="12">
    Line 2
</text>
<text x="150" y="125" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="11">
    Line 3
</text>

Line Spacing: Typically 15-25px between lines depending on font size

Text on Path

<defs>
    <path id="curve" d="M 100 200 Q 300 100 500 200" fill="none"/>
</defs>

<text font-size="16" fill="#2d3748">
    <textPath href="#curve">
        Text following the curve
    </textPath>
</text>

Gradients

Linear Gradient

<defs>
    <linearGradient id="blueGradient" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
        <stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:#4299e1;stop-opacity:1" />
        <stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:#2b6cb0;stop-opacity:1" />
    </linearGradient>
</defs>

<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100" fill="url(#blueGradient)"/>

Gradient Directions:

  • Horizontal: x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%"
  • Vertical: x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%"
  • Diagonal: x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="100%"

Radial Gradient

<defs>
    <radialGradient id="radialGlow">
        <stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:#667eea;stop-opacity:1" />
        <stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:#764ba2;stop-opacity:0.5" />
    </radialGradient>
</defs>

<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="80" fill="url(#radialGlow)"/>

Multi-stop Gradients

<linearGradient id="multiColor" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
    <stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:#48bb78" />
    <stop offset="50%" style="stop-color:#f59e0b" />
    <stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:#f56565" />
</linearGradient>

Grouping & Reuse

Groups ()

<g id="icon-group" transform="translate(100, 100)">
    <circle r="30" fill="#4299e1"/>
    <text y="5" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-weight="bold">✓</text>
</g>

Benefits:

  • Apply transformations to multiple elements
  • Organize related elements
  • Apply styles to all children

Use Element

Define once:

<defs>
    <g id="status-icon">
        <circle r="15" fill="#48bb78" stroke="#2f855a" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="12" font-weight="bold">✓</text>
    </g>
</defs>

Reuse multiple times:

<use href="#status-icon" x="100" y="100"/>
<use href="#status-icon" x="300" y="100"/>
<use href="#status-icon" x="500" y="100"/>

Symbol Element

<defs>
    <symbol id="check-icon" viewBox="0 0 30 30">
        <circle cx="15" cy="15" r="15" fill="#48bb78"/>
        <path d="M 8 15 L 13 20 L 22 10" stroke="white" stroke-width="3"
              fill="none" stroke-linecap="round"/>
    </symbol>
</defs>

<use href="#check-icon" x="100" y="100" width="30" height="30"/>
<use href="#check-icon" x="200" y="100" width="50" height="50"/>

Symbol vs Group:

  • Symbol has its own viewBox (scalable)
  • Symbol not rendered unless used
  • Better for reusable icons

Transformations

Translate (Move)

<rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="50" fill="#4299e1"
      transform="translate(200, 100)"/>
  • Moves shape to new position
  • Original x, y still apply (total position = original + translate)

Rotate

<rect x="100" y="100" width="100" height="50" fill="#4299e1"
      transform="rotate(45 150 125)"/>
  • Format: rotate(angle center-x center-y)
  • Angle in degrees
  • Rotates around specified center point

Scale

<circle cx="200" cy="200" r="30" fill="#48bb78"
        transform="scale(1.5)"/>
  • scale(factor): Uniform scaling
  • scale(x-factor, y-factor): Non-uniform scaling

Combined Transformations

<rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="50" fill="#4299e1"
      transform="translate(200, 100) rotate(15) scale(1.2)"/>
  • Applied right to left: scale → rotate → translate

Advanced Patterns

Rounded Progress Bar

<!-- Background -->
<rect x="150" y="80" width="800" height="40" rx="20" fill="#e2e8f0"/>

<!-- Progress (60%) -->
<rect x="150" y="80" width="480" height="40" rx="20" fill="#48bb78"/>

Donut Chart (Simplified)

<circle cx="300" cy="300" r="150" fill="none"
        stroke="#4299e1" stroke-width="80"/>

Multi-segment Donut:

<!-- Segment 1 (50% of circle = 471 units out of 942 total circumference) -->
<circle cx="300" cy="300" r="150" fill="none"
        stroke="#4299e1" stroke-width="80"
        stroke-dasharray="471 471"
        transform="rotate(-90 300 300)"/>

<!-- Segment 2 (30%) -->
<circle cx="300" cy="300" r="150" fill="none"
        stroke="#48bb78" stroke-width="80"
        stroke-dasharray="283 659"
        stroke-dashoffset="-471"
        transform="rotate(-90 300 300)"/>

Circumference Formula: 2 × π × radius = 2 × 3.14159 × 150 ≈ 942

Drop Shadow Filter

<defs>
    <filter id="drop-shadow">
        <feGaussianBlur in="SourceAlpha" stdDeviation="3"/>
        <feOffset dx="2" dy="2" result="offsetblur"/>
        <feMerge>
            <feMergeNode/>
            <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic"/>
        </feMerge>
    </filter>
</defs>

<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100" rx="10"
      fill="#4299e1" filter="url(#drop-shadow)"/>

Clipping Path

<defs>
    <clipPath id="rounded-clip">
        <rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="150" rx="15"/>
    </clipPath>
</defs>

<image x="100" y="100" width="200" height="150"
       href="image.jpg" clip-path="url(#rounded-clip)"/>

Chart Components

Bar Chart Bar

<rect x="200" y="150" width="150" height="200" rx="5"
      fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="275" y="260" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
      font-size="24" font-weight="bold">
    456
</text>

Axis Lines

<!-- X-axis -->
<line x1="100" y1="350" x2="1100" y2="350"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="2"/>

<!-- Y-axis -->
<line x1="100" y1="350" x2="100" y2="80"
      stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="2"/>

<!-- Grid lines -->
<line x1="100" y1="280" x2="1100" y2="280"
      stroke="#e2e8f0" stroke-width="1" opacity="0.5"/>

Data Point Marker

<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="6" fill="#4299e1"
        stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/>

Best Practices

Coordinate Calculation

Center Text in Rectangle:

textX = rectX + (rectWidth / 2)
textY = rectY + (rectHeight / 2) + (fontSize * 0.35)

Position Diamond Points:

centerX = 600, centerY = 180
halfWidth = 100, halfHeight = 50

top:    (centerX, centerY - halfHeight)
right:  (centerX + halfWidth, centerY)
bottom: (centerX, centerY + halfHeight)
left:   (centerX - halfWidth, centerY)

Performance Tips

  • Limit total SVG elements per diagram to ~500-1000
  • Use <use> for repeated elements
  • Avoid overly complex paths
  • Minimize filter usage (shadows, blurs)
  • Group related elements

Readability Guidelines

  • Minimum stroke-width: 2px for visibility
  • Minimum font-size: 11px for labels, 14px for emphasis
  • Minimum touch target: 30×30px for interactive elements
  • White space: 20-30px between major elements
  • Contrast: Stroke should be darker than fill

Debugging SVG

Visible Boundaries:

<!-- Temporary: shows viewBox boundary -->
<rect x="0" y="0" width="1200" height="800"
      fill="none" stroke="red" stroke-width="1"/>

Grid Overlay:

<!-- Shows 100px grid -->
<line x1="0" y1="100" x2="1200" y2="100" stroke="pink" stroke-width="1"/>
<line x1="0" y1="200" x2="1200" y2="200" stroke="pink" stroke-width="1"/>
<!-- ... repeat for debugging ... -->

Icon Library

Checkmark

<path d="M 8 15 L 13 20 L 22 10"
      stroke="#48bb78" stroke-width="3" fill="none"
      stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>

X (Close)

<path d="M 10 10 L 20 20 M 20 10 L 10 20"
      stroke="#f56565" stroke-width="3"
      stroke-linecap="round"/>

Warning Triangle

<path d="M 15 5 L 25 23 L 5 23 Z"
      fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="15" y="20" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
      font-weight="bold" font-size="14">!</text>

Info Circle

<circle cx="15" cy="15" r="12" fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="15" y="20" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
      font-weight="bold" font-size="16">i</text>
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