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# SVG Component Library
Comprehensive reference for SVG shapes, patterns, and techniques for creating stunning diagrams.
## SVG Fundamentals
### Basic Structure
```xml
<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 800" style="width: 100%; height: auto;">
<defs>
<!-- Reusable definitions (markers, gradients, patterns) -->
</defs>
<g id="group-name">
<!-- Grouped elements -->
</g>
<!-- Direct elements -->
</svg>
```
### ViewBox Explained
**Format:** `viewBox="min-x min-y width height"`
**Example:** `viewBox="0 0 1200 800"`
- **min-x, min-y:** Usually `0 0` (top-left origin)
- **width, height:** Virtual coordinate system dimensions
- SVG scales to fit container while maintaining aspect ratio
- Larger viewBox = more space for content
**Common Sizes:**
```xml
<!-- Wide flowchart -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 400">
<!-- Standard diagram -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 600">
<!-- Detailed flowchart -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 1200 800">
<!-- Square chart -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 600 600">
<!-- Vertical timeline -->
<svg viewBox="0 0 800 1000">
```
### Coordinate System
- **X-axis:** Left (0) to right (positive)
- **Y-axis:** Top (0) to bottom (positive)
- **Center of 1200×800 viewBox:** `(600, 400)`
- **Units:** Relative to viewBox (not pixels)
## Basic Shapes
### Rectangle
**Standard Rectangle:**
```xml
<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100"
fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>
```
**Rounded Rectangle:**
```xml
<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100" rx="10"
fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>
```
- `rx`: Horizontal corner radius
- `ry`: Vertical corner radius (defaults to `rx` if omitted)
**Process Box with Text:**
```xml
<rect x="50" y="50" width="200" height="100" rx="10"
fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="150" y="95" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
font-size="16" font-weight="bold">
Process Name
</text>
<text x="150" y="115" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="12">
Subtitle
</text>
```
**Position Calculation:**
- Text X: `rect.x + (rect.width / 2)` for center
- Text Y: `rect.y + (rect.height / 2)` for vertical center (approximately)
- Baseline adjustment: Add `5-10px` to Y for visual centering
### Circle
**Basic Circle:**
```xml
<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="50"
fill="#48bb78" stroke="#2f855a" stroke-width="3"/>
```
- `cx, cy`: Center coordinates
- `r`: Radius
**Circle with Text (Start/End Node):**
```xml
<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="50"
fill="#48bb78" stroke="#2f855a" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="300" y="205" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
font-size="16" font-weight="bold">
START
</text>
```
**Small Marker Circle:**
```xml
<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="15"
fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>
```
### Ellipse
```xml
<ellipse cx="400" cy="200" rx="120" ry="60"
fill="#9f7aea" stroke="#6b46c1" stroke-width="3"/>
```
- `rx`: Horizontal radius
- `ry`: Vertical radius
## Path Shapes
### Diamond (Decision Node)
**Diamond Formula:**
```
Top: (center-x, top-y)
Right: (right-x, center-y)
Bottom: (center-x, bottom-y)
Left: (left-x, center-y)
```
**Example (100px wide, 100px tall, centered at 600, 150):**
```xml
<path d="M 600 100 L 650 150 L 600 200 L 550 150 Z"
fill="#fbbf24" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="600" y="155" text-anchor="middle" font-size="14" font-weight="bold">
Decision?
</text>
```
**Larger Diamond (200×100):**
```xml
<path d="M 600 130 L 700 130 L 750 180 L 700 230 L 500 230 L 450 180 Z"
fill="#fbbf24" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="3"/>
```
### Hexagon (Preparation)
**Horizontal Hexagon:**
```xml
<path d="M 900 75 L 1050 75 L 1100 100 L 1050 125 L 900 125 L 850 100 Z"
fill="#9f7aea" stroke="#6b46c1" stroke-width="3"/>
```
**Pattern:**
```
M [left-mid-x] [top-y] (start left of top edge)
L [right-mid-x] [top-y] (top edge)
L [right-x] [center-y] (top-right slope)
L [right-mid-x] [bottom-y] (bottom edge)
L [left-mid-x] [bottom-y] (bottom edge)
L [left-x] [center-y] (top-left slope)
Z (close path)
```
### Parallelogram
```xml
<path d="M 100 100 L 280 100 L 250 150 L 70 150 Z"
fill="#ed8936" stroke="#c05621" stroke-width="3"/>
```
### Custom Polygons
**Triangle:**
```xml
<path d="M 500 100 L 600 200 L 400 200 Z"
fill="#f56565" stroke="#c53030" stroke-width="3"/>
```
**Pentagon:**
```xml
<path d="M 500 100 L 580 150 L 550 230 L 450 230 L 420 150 Z"
fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="3"/>
```
## Lines & Arrows
### Straight Lines
**Horizontal:**
```xml
<line x1="100" y1="200" x2="300" y2="200"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"/>
```
**Vertical:**
```xml
<line x1="200" y1="100" x2="200" y2="300"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"/>
```
**Diagonal:**
```xml
<line x1="100" y1="100" x2="300" y2="300"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"/>
```
**Dashed Line:**
```xml
<line x1="100" y1="200" x2="300" y2="200"
stroke="#cbd5e0" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="5,5"/>
```
- `stroke-dasharray="dash,gap"`: Pattern of dashes and gaps
- Common patterns: `"5,5"` (small), `"10,5"` (medium), `"20,10"` (large)
### Path-based Lines
**Straight line with path:**
```xml
<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
```
- `fill="none"`: Prevents filling (required for non-closed paths used as lines)
**L-shaped connector:**
```xml
<path d="M 250 100 L 400 100 L 400 200"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
```
**Multi-segment:**
```xml
<path d="M 100 100 L 200 100 L 200 200 L 300 200"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
```
### Arrow Markers
**Standard Arrowhead Definition:**
```xml
<defs>
<marker id="arrowhead" markerWidth="10" markerHeight="10"
refX="9" refY="3" orient="auto">
<polygon points="0 0, 10 3, 0 6" fill="#2d3748"/>
</marker>
</defs>
```
- `markerWidth/Height`: Size of marker viewport
- `refX/refY`: Anchor point (where arrow attaches to line)
- `orient="auto"`: Rotates to match line angle
**Colored Arrows:**
```xml
<defs>
<marker id="arrowhead-success" markerWidth="10" markerHeight="10"
refX="9" refY="3" orient="auto">
<polygon points="0 0, 10 3, 0 6" fill="#48bb78"/>
</marker>
<marker id="arrowhead-error" markerWidth="10" markerHeight="10"
refX="9" refY="3" orient="auto">
<polygon points="0 0, 10 3, 0 6" fill="#f56565"/>
</marker>
</defs>
```
**Using Arrows:**
```xml
<!-- Arrow at end -->
<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200" stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"
fill="none" marker-end="url(#arrowhead)"/>
<!-- Arrow at start -->
<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200" stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"
fill="none" marker-start="url(#arrowhead)"/>
<!-- Arrows at both ends -->
<path d="M 100 200 L 300 200" stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3"
fill="none" marker-start="url(#arrowhead)" marker-end="url(#arrowhead)"/>
```
### Curved Lines (Bezier Curves)
**Quadratic Bezier (Q):**
```xml
<path d="M 100 200 Q 200 100 300 200"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
```
- Format: `Q control-x control-y end-x end-y`
- One control point
**Cubic Bezier (C):**
```xml
<path d="M 100 200 C 150 100, 250 100, 300 200"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
```
- Format: `C control1-x control1-y control2-x control2-y end-x end-y`
- Two control points (more control)
**Smooth Curve Through Points:**
```xml
<path d="M 100 200 Q 150 150 200 200 T 300 200"
stroke="#4299e1" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
```
- `T`: Smooth continuation of quadratic curve
## Text Elements
### Basic Text
```xml
<text x="100" y="100" font-size="16" fill="#2d3748">
Simple Text
</text>
```
### Text Anchoring
**Horizontal Alignment:**
```xml
<!-- Left-aligned (default) -->
<text x="100" y="100" text-anchor="start">Left</text>
<!-- Center-aligned -->
<text x="100" y="100" text-anchor="middle">Center</text>
<!-- Right-aligned -->
<text x="100" y="100" text-anchor="end">Right</text>
```
**Vertical Alignment:**
```xml
<!-- Baseline (default) -->
<text x="100" y="100" dominant-baseline="auto">Baseline</text>
<!-- Middle -->
<text x="100" y="100" dominant-baseline="middle">Middle</text>
<!-- Hanging (top) -->
<text x="100" y="100" dominant-baseline="hanging">Top</text>
```
**Note:** For reliable vertical centering, calculate Y position manually rather than relying on dominant-baseline (browser support varies).
### Text Styling
```xml
<text x="100" y="100"
font-size="18"
font-weight="bold"
font-style="italic"
fill="#2d3748"
opacity="0.8">
Styled Text
</text>
```
**Font Families in SVG:**
```xml
<text x="100" y="100" font-family="'Segoe UI', sans-serif">
Custom Font
</text>
```
### Multi-line Text
**Using Multiple <text> Elements:**
```xml
<text x="150" y="90" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="16" font-weight="bold">
Line 1
</text>
<text x="150" y="110" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="12">
Line 2
</text>
<text x="150" y="125" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="11">
Line 3
</text>
```
**Line Spacing:** Typically 15-25px between lines depending on font size
### Text on Path
```xml
<defs>
<path id="curve" d="M 100 200 Q 300 100 500 200" fill="none"/>
</defs>
<text font-size="16" fill="#2d3748">
<textPath href="#curve">
Text following the curve
</textPath>
</text>
```
## Gradients
### Linear Gradient
```xml
<defs>
<linearGradient id="blueGradient" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
<stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:#4299e1;stop-opacity:1" />
<stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:#2b6cb0;stop-opacity:1" />
</linearGradient>
</defs>
<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100" fill="url(#blueGradient)"/>
```
**Gradient Directions:**
- Horizontal: `x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%"`
- Vertical: `x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%"`
- Diagonal: `x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="100%"`
### Radial Gradient
```xml
<defs>
<radialGradient id="radialGlow">
<stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:#667eea;stop-opacity:1" />
<stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:#764ba2;stop-opacity:0.5" />
</radialGradient>
</defs>
<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="80" fill="url(#radialGlow)"/>
```
### Multi-stop Gradients
```xml
<linearGradient id="multiColor" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
<stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:#48bb78" />
<stop offset="50%" style="stop-color:#f59e0b" />
<stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:#f56565" />
</linearGradient>
```
## Grouping & Reuse
### Groups (<g>)
```xml
<g id="icon-group" transform="translate(100, 100)">
<circle r="30" fill="#4299e1"/>
<text y="5" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-weight="bold"></text>
</g>
```
**Benefits:**
- Apply transformations to multiple elements
- Organize related elements
- Apply styles to all children
### Use Element
**Define once:**
```xml
<defs>
<g id="status-icon">
<circle r="15" fill="#48bb78" stroke="#2f855a" stroke-width="2"/>
<text text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="12" font-weight="bold"></text>
</g>
</defs>
```
**Reuse multiple times:**
```xml
<use href="#status-icon" x="100" y="100"/>
<use href="#status-icon" x="300" y="100"/>
<use href="#status-icon" x="500" y="100"/>
```
### Symbol Element
```xml
<defs>
<symbol id="check-icon" viewBox="0 0 30 30">
<circle cx="15" cy="15" r="15" fill="#48bb78"/>
<path d="M 8 15 L 13 20 L 22 10" stroke="white" stroke-width="3"
fill="none" stroke-linecap="round"/>
</symbol>
</defs>
<use href="#check-icon" x="100" y="100" width="30" height="30"/>
<use href="#check-icon" x="200" y="100" width="50" height="50"/>
```
**Symbol vs Group:**
- Symbol has its own viewBox (scalable)
- Symbol not rendered unless used
- Better for reusable icons
## Transformations
### Translate (Move)
```xml
<rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="50" fill="#4299e1"
transform="translate(200, 100)"/>
```
- Moves shape to new position
- Original x, y still apply (total position = original + translate)
### Rotate
```xml
<rect x="100" y="100" width="100" height="50" fill="#4299e1"
transform="rotate(45 150 125)"/>
```
- Format: `rotate(angle center-x center-y)`
- Angle in degrees
- Rotates around specified center point
### Scale
```xml
<circle cx="200" cy="200" r="30" fill="#48bb78"
transform="scale(1.5)"/>
```
- `scale(factor)`: Uniform scaling
- `scale(x-factor, y-factor)`: Non-uniform scaling
### Combined Transformations
```xml
<rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="50" fill="#4299e1"
transform="translate(200, 100) rotate(15) scale(1.2)"/>
```
- Applied right to left: scale → rotate → translate
## Advanced Patterns
### Rounded Progress Bar
```xml
<!-- Background -->
<rect x="150" y="80" width="800" height="40" rx="20" fill="#e2e8f0"/>
<!-- Progress (60%) -->
<rect x="150" y="80" width="480" height="40" rx="20" fill="#48bb78"/>
```
### Donut Chart (Simplified)
```xml
<circle cx="300" cy="300" r="150" fill="none"
stroke="#4299e1" stroke-width="80"/>
```
**Multi-segment Donut:**
```xml
<!-- Segment 1 (50% of circle = 471 units out of 942 total circumference) -->
<circle cx="300" cy="300" r="150" fill="none"
stroke="#4299e1" stroke-width="80"
stroke-dasharray="471 471"
transform="rotate(-90 300 300)"/>
<!-- Segment 2 (30%) -->
<circle cx="300" cy="300" r="150" fill="none"
stroke="#48bb78" stroke-width="80"
stroke-dasharray="283 659"
stroke-dashoffset="-471"
transform="rotate(-90 300 300)"/>
```
**Circumference Formula:** `2 × π × radius = 2 × 3.14159 × 150 ≈ 942`
### Drop Shadow Filter
```xml
<defs>
<filter id="drop-shadow">
<feGaussianBlur in="SourceAlpha" stdDeviation="3"/>
<feOffset dx="2" dy="2" result="offsetblur"/>
<feMerge>
<feMergeNode/>
<feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic"/>
</feMerge>
</filter>
</defs>
<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="100" rx="10"
fill="#4299e1" filter="url(#drop-shadow)"/>
```
### Clipping Path
```xml
<defs>
<clipPath id="rounded-clip">
<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="150" rx="15"/>
</clipPath>
</defs>
<image x="100" y="100" width="200" height="150"
href="image.jpg" clip-path="url(#rounded-clip)"/>
```
## Chart Components
### Bar Chart Bar
```xml
<rect x="200" y="150" width="150" height="200" rx="5"
fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="275" y="260" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
font-size="24" font-weight="bold">
456
</text>
```
### Axis Lines
```xml
<!-- X-axis -->
<line x1="100" y1="350" x2="1100" y2="350"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="2"/>
<!-- Y-axis -->
<line x1="100" y1="350" x2="100" y2="80"
stroke="#2d3748" stroke-width="2"/>
<!-- Grid lines -->
<line x1="100" y1="280" x2="1100" y2="280"
stroke="#e2e8f0" stroke-width="1" opacity="0.5"/>
```
### Data Point Marker
```xml
<circle cx="300" cy="200" r="6" fill="#4299e1"
stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/>
```
## Best Practices
### Coordinate Calculation
**Center Text in Rectangle:**
```javascript
textX = rectX + (rectWidth / 2)
textY = rectY + (rectHeight / 2) + (fontSize * 0.35)
```
**Position Diamond Points:**
```javascript
centerX = 600, centerY = 180
halfWidth = 100, halfHeight = 50
top: (centerX, centerY - halfHeight)
right: (centerX + halfWidth, centerY)
bottom: (centerX, centerY + halfHeight)
left: (centerX - halfWidth, centerY)
```
### Performance Tips
- Limit total SVG elements per diagram to ~500-1000
- Use `<use>` for repeated elements
- Avoid overly complex paths
- Minimize filter usage (shadows, blurs)
- Group related elements
### Readability Guidelines
- Minimum stroke-width: 2px for visibility
- Minimum font-size: 11px for labels, 14px for emphasis
- Minimum touch target: 30×30px for interactive elements
- White space: 20-30px between major elements
- Contrast: Stroke should be darker than fill
### Debugging SVG
**Visible Boundaries:**
```xml
<!-- Temporary: shows viewBox boundary -->
<rect x="0" y="0" width="1200" height="800"
fill="none" stroke="red" stroke-width="1"/>
```
**Grid Overlay:**
```xml
<!-- Shows 100px grid -->
<line x1="0" y1="100" x2="1200" y2="100" stroke="pink" stroke-width="1"/>
<line x1="0" y1="200" x2="1200" y2="200" stroke="pink" stroke-width="1"/>
<!-- ... repeat for debugging ... -->
```
## Icon Library
### Checkmark
```xml
<path d="M 8 15 L 13 20 L 22 10"
stroke="#48bb78" stroke-width="3" fill="none"
stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
```
### X (Close)
```xml
<path d="M 10 10 L 20 20 M 20 10 L 10 20"
stroke="#f56565" stroke-width="3"
stroke-linecap="round"/>
```
### Warning Triangle
```xml
<path d="M 15 5 L 25 23 L 5 23 Z"
fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="15" y="20" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
font-weight="bold" font-size="14">!</text>
```
### Info Circle
```xml
<circle cx="15" cy="15" r="12" fill="#4299e1" stroke="#2b6cb0" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="15" y="20" text-anchor="middle" fill="white"
font-weight="bold" font-size="16">i</text>
```