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skills/alignment-values-north-star/resources/methodology.md
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skills/alignment-values-north-star/resources/methodology.md
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# Alignment Framework Methodology for Scaling Organizations
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## Alignment Framework Workflow
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Copy this checklist and track your progress:
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```
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Alignment Framework Progress:
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- [ ] Step 1: Audit current state and identify gaps
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- [ ] Step 2: Refine values through stakeholder discovery
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- [ ] Step 3: Build multi-team alignment framework
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- [ ] Step 4: Create decision frameworks for autonomy
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- [ ] Step 5: Rollout and reinforce across organization
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```
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**Step 1: Audit current state and identify gaps**
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Document stated vs actual values, interview stakeholders, and analyze past decisions to identify values drift. See [Refining Existing Values](#refining-existing-values) for audit techniques.
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**Step 2: Refine values through stakeholder discovery**
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Evolve or replace values based on discovery findings, using stakeholder input to ensure relevance. See [Refinement Process](#refinement-process) for evolution patterns and rollout strategies.
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**Step 3: Build multi-team alignment framework**
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Create layered alignment across company, function, and team levels to prevent silos. See [Multi-Team Alignment Frameworks](#multi-team-alignment-frameworks) for nested framework structures.
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**Step 4: Create decision frameworks for autonomy**
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Build decision tenets and authority matrices to enable aligned autonomy. See [Building Decision Frameworks for Autonomy](#building-decision-frameworks-for-autonomy) for tenet patterns and RACI matrices.
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**Step 5: Rollout and reinforce across organization**
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Execute phased rollout with leadership alignment, cascading communication, and ongoing reinforcement. See [Rollout Strategy for Refined Values](#rollout-strategy-for-refined-values) and [Case Study: Company-Wide Values Refresh](#case-study-company-wide-values-refresh) for implementation examples.
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---
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## Refining Existing Values
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### Why Refine?
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Common triggers:
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- Values are vague ("be excellent") - no operational guidance
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- Values conflict with reality (say "innovation" but punish failures)
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- New priorities emerged (e.g., shift from growth to profitability)
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- Multiple acquisitions brought different cultures
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- Team doesn't reference values in decisions (not useful)
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### Audit Current State
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**Step 1: Document existing values**
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- What are stated values? (website, onboarding docs, walls)
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- What are *actual* values? (observed in decisions, promotions, conflicts)
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- Gap analysis: Where do stated and actual diverge?
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**Step 2: Interview stakeholders**
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Questions to ask:
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- "What do we truly value here? (not what we say we value)"
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- "Tell me about a tough decision - what guided it?"
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- "What behaviors get rewarded? Punished?"
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- "When have our values helped you? Hindered you?"
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- "What values are missing that we need?"
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**Step 3: Analyze decisions**
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Review past 6-12 months:
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- Hiring/firing decisions - what values were applied?
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- Product prioritization - what drove choices?
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- Resource allocation - what got funded/cut?
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- Conflict resolution - how were tradeoffs made?
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Look for patterns revealing true values.
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### Refinement Process
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**Option A: Evolve existing values**
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Keep core values but make them clearer:
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Before: "Customer obsession"
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After: "Customer obsession: We prioritize long-term customer success over short-term metrics. When in doubt, we ask 'what would create lasting value for customers?' and optimize for that, even if it delays revenue."
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**Add:**
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- Specific definition
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- Why it matters
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- Decision examples
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- Anti-patterns
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**Option B: Retire and replace**
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When existing values don't serve:
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1. Acknowledge what's changing and why
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2. Thank the old values for their service
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3. Introduce new values with context
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4. Show connection (evolution, not rejection)
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Example:
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- Old: "Move fast and break things" (startup phase)
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- New: "Move deliberately with customer trust" (scale phase)
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- Context: "We used to optimize for speed because we needed product-market fit. Now we optimize for reliability because customers depend on us."
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### Rollout Strategy for Refined Values
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**Phase 1: Leadership alignment (Week 1-2)**
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- All leaders can articulate values in their own words
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- Leadership team models values in visible decisions
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- Leaders prepared to answer "why change?" and "what's different?"
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**Phase 2: Cascading communication (Week 3-4)**
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- All-hands presentation (context, new values, Q&A)
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- Team-level workshops (apply to team decisions)
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- 1:1s address individual concerns
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**Phase 3: Integration (Month 2-3)**
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- Update hiring rubrics
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- Update performance review criteria
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- Reference in decision memos
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- Celebrate examples of values in action
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**Phase 4: Reinforcement (Ongoing)**
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- Monthly: Leaders share values-driven decisions
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- Quarterly: Audit if values are being used
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- Annually: Refresh based on feedback
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---
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## Multi-Team Alignment Frameworks
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### Challenge: Silos & Conflicting Priorities
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As organizations scale:
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- Teams optimize for local goals
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- Priorities conflict (eng wants stability, product wants speed)
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- Decisions require escalation (autonomy breaks down)
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- Values interpreted differently across teams
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### Layered Alignment Framework
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**Layer 1: Company-Wide North Star & Values**
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Company level (50+ people, multiple teams):
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- North Star: Aspirational direction for whole company
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- Values: 3-5 company-wide principles
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- Decision Tenets: Company-level tradeoff guidance
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Example:
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```
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Company North Star: "Empower every team to ship confidently"
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Company Values:
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1. Customer trust over growth metrics
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2. Clarity over consensus
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3. Leverage through platforms
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Company Decision Tenets:
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- When product and platform conflict, platforms enable more product value long-term
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- When speed and reliability conflict, we choose reliability for critical paths
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```
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**Layer 2: Function-Level Values & Tenets**
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Engineering, Product, Design, Sales functions each add:
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- Function-specific interpretation of company values
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- Function decision tenets (within company constraints)
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- Function behaviors
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Example (Engineering):
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```
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Engineering North Star: "Enable product velocity through reliable platforms"
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Engineering Values (extending company):
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1. Customer trust → "We treat production as sacred"
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2. Clarity → "We write decisions down before coding"
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3. Leverage → "We build platforms, not point solutions"
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Engineering Decision Tenets:
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- When feature velocity and platform health conflict, platform health wins
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- When local optimization and system optimization conflict, system wins
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- When urgency and testing conflict, we ship with tests (move test left)
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```
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**Layer 3: Team-Level Rituals & Practices**
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Individual teams implement values through rituals:
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- How we run standups
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- How we make architectural decisions
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- How we handle incidents
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- How we onboard new members
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Example (Platform Team):
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```
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Rituals embodying "Platform enables product velocity":
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- Weekly: Office hours for product teams (30 min slots)
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- Monthly: Platform roadmap review with product input
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- Quarterly: Platform usability study with product engineers
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```
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### Alignment Check: Nested Frameworks
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Test if layers are aligned:
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| Company Value | Function Interpretation | Team Practice |
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|---------------|------------------------|---------------|
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| Customer trust | Engineering: Production is sacred | Platform: 99.9% SLA, postmortems within 24hr |
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| Clarity | Engineering: Write before coding | Platform: RFC required for API changes |
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| Leverage | Engineering: Platforms not point solutions | Platform: Reusable libraries, not feature forks |
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If a team practice doesn't connect to function value → doesn't connect to company value → misaligned.
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---
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## Building Decision Frameworks for Autonomy
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### Problem: Alignment vs Autonomy Tension
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- Too much alignment → slow, needs approval for everything
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- Too much autonomy → teams diverge, duplicate work, conflict
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Goal: **Aligned autonomy** - teams make fast local decisions within clear constraints.
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### Decision Tenet Pattern
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**Format:**
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```
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When {situation with tradeoff}, we choose {option A} over {option B} because {rationale}.
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```
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**Characteristics of good tenets:**
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- Specific (not "be excellent")
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- Tradeoff-oriented (acknowledges what we're NOT optimizing)
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- Contextual (explains why this choice for us)
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- Actionable (guides concrete decisions)
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**Example Tenets:**
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Engineering:
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```
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When latency and throughput conflict, we optimize for latency (p95 < 100ms)
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because our users are professionals in workflows where milliseconds matter.
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```
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Product:
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```
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When power-user features and beginner simplicity conflict, we choose beginner simplicity
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because growing the user base is our current strategic priority (2024 goal: 10x users).
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```
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Sales:
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```
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When deal size and customer fit conflict, we choose customer fit
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because high-churn enterprise customers damage our brand and reference-ability.
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```
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### Decision Authority Matrix (RACI + Values)
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Map which decisions require escalation vs can be made locally:
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| Decision Type | Team Authority | Escalation Trigger | Values Applied |
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|---------------|----------------|-------------------|----------------|
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| API design for team features | Team decides | If cross-team impact | Platform leverage |
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| Production incident response | On-call decides | If customer data risk | Customer trust |
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| Prioritization within quarter | PM decides | If OKR conflict | Quarterly focus |
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| Hiring bar | Team + function | Never lower bar | Excellence standard |
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**Escalation triggers** (when to involve leadership):
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- Cross-team conflict on priorities
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- Values conflict (two values in tension)
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- Precedent-setting decision (will affect future teams)
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- High-stakes outcome (>$X, >Y customer impact)
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### Operationalizing Tenets in Decisions
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**Step 1: Frame decision with tenets**
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Bad decision memo:
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```
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We should build feature X.
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```
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Good decision memo:
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```
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Decision: Build feature X
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Relevant tenets:
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- "When power-users and beginners conflict, choose beginners" → Feature X is beginner-focused ✓
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- "When latency and features conflict, choose latency" → Feature X adds 20ms latency ✗
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- "Platform leverage over point solutions" → Feature X is platform component ✓
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Recommendation: Build feature X BUT optimize latency first (refactor API)
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Estimate: +2 weeks for latency optimization, worth it per tenets
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```
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**Step 2: Audit tenet usage**
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Quarterly review:
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- How many decisions referenced tenets?
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- Which tenets are most/least used?
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- Where did tenets conflict? (may need refinement)
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- Where did teams escalate unnecessarily? (need clearer tenet)
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---
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## Common Scaling Challenges
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### Challenge 1: Values Drift (Stated ≠ Actual)
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**Symptoms:**
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- Leaders say "we value X" but reward Y
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- Values posters on walls, but no one references them
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- Cynicism about values ("just marketing")
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**Diagnosis:**
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- Review promotions: Who gets promoted? What values did they embody?
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- Review tough decisions: Which values were actually applied?
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- Interview employees: "Do you use our values? When? How?"
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**Fix:**
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1. **Acknowledge drift** ("Our stated values haven't matched our actions")
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2. **Choose**: Either change stated values to match reality OR change behavior to match values
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3. **Leader modeling**: Leaders publicly use values in decisions
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4. **Consequences**: Promotions/rewards explicitly tied to values
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**Example:**
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```
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Stated: "We value work-life balance"
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Reality: Promotions go to those who work weekends
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Fix Option A (change stated): "We value high output and intense commitment"
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Fix Option B (change reality): "Promotions now require sustainable pace, not just output"
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```
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### Challenge 2: Values Conflict (Internal Tensions)
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**Symptoms:**
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- Teams cite different values for same decision
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- Paralysis (can't decide because values conflict)
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- Escalation overload (everything needs leadership tiebreak)
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**Diagnosis:**
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- Map values pairwise: When do Value A and Value B conflict?
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- Identify repeated conflict scenarios
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- Ask: Is this values conflict or unclear priority?
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**Fix: Priority tenets**
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When values conflict, state priority:
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```
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"Speed" and "Quality" both matter, but:
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- For customer-facing features: Quality > Speed (customer trust)
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- For internal tools: Speed > Perfection (iterate fast)
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- For platform APIs: Quality > Speed (leverage means hard to change)
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```
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### Challenge 3: Multi-Team Misalignment
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**Symptoms:**
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- Teams build conflicting solutions
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- Escalation required for every cross-team decision
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- "Not my priority" culture
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**Diagnosis:**
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- Map team goals: Do team OKRs align?
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- Check incentives: What does each team get rewarded for?
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- Review cross-team projects: How often do they succeed?
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**Fix: Nested alignment framework (see above)**
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Plus:
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- **Cross-team rituals**: Monthly
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syncs on interdependencies
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- **Shared metrics**: At least one metric in common across teams
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- **Rotation**: Engineers rotate across team boundaries
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---
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## Case Study: Company-Wide Values Refresh
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### Context
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**Company**: SaaS product, 150 employees, 8 engineering teams
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**Trigger**: Rapid growth (30 → 150 people in 18 months), old startup values not working
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**Old values**: "Move fast", "Customer obsessed", "Scrappy"
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**Problem**: "Move fast" causing production incidents; "Scrappy" justifying technical debt that slows product
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### Process
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**Month 1: Discovery**
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- Interviewed 40 employees (all levels, all functions)
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- Reviewed 20 major decisions (what values were actually applied?)
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- Surveyed all employees: "What do we truly value? What should we value?"
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**Key findings:**
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- "Move fast" interpreted as "ship without testing" (not intended)
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- "Customer obsessed" unclear (speed to market vs quality vs support?)
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- "Scrappy" became excuse for poor tooling
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- **Missing value**: Reliability/trust (now serving enterprise customers)
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**Month 2: Leadership Workshop**
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- All directors + exec team (2-day offsite)
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- Reviewed discovery findings
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- Drafted new values + tenets
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- Pressure-tested against real decisions
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**New values (refined):**
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1. **Customer trust over growth metrics**
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- Tenet: "When feature velocity and reliability conflict, reliability wins for core workflows"
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- Evolution of "customer obsessed" (clarified: long-term trust, not short-term features)
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2. **Leverage through platforms**
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- Tenet: "When team autonomy and platform standards conflict, we choose standards for leverage"
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- Evolution of "scrappy" (still efficient, but via platforms not point solutions)
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3. **Clarity over consensus**
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- Tenet: "When speed and buy-in conflict, we choose fast decision with clear rationale over slow consensus"
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- New value (addresses decision paralysis)
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**Month 3: Rollout**
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- All-hands (CEO presented, Q&A, examples of how values applied to recent decisions)
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- Team workshops (each team applied to their context)
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- Updated hiring rubric (added values-based questions)
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- Updated performance review (added values section)
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**Month 4-6: Reinforcement**
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- Weekly exec team review: "What values-driven decisions did we make?"
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- Monthly all-hands: Celebrate values in action (shoutouts)
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- Quarterly survey: "Are we living our values?"
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### Results (6 months later)
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**Wins:**
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- Production incidents dropped 60% ("Customer trust" being applied)
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- Engineering happiness up 25% (better tooling via "leverage through platforms")
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- Decision velocity up (no more endless debates, "clarity over consensus")
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- Values referenced in 80% of decision memos (actual usage)
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**Challenges:**
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- Some engineers missed "move fast" culture (clarified: fast decisions, deliberate execution)
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- Sales initially confused ("customer trust" seemed to slow deals - clarified: long-term trust creates more deals)
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**Evolution (12 months):**
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- Added 4th value: "Default to transparency" (based on feedback)
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- Refined "leverage" tenet (too restrictive, added exceptions for experiments)
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### Lessons Learned
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1. **Co-create with leadership**: Top-down values fail, need buy-in from leaders who'll model them
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2. **Show the evolution**: Don't reject old values, show how they evolved (honors the past)
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3. **Operationalize fast**: Values are useless without tenets + integration into decisions
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4. **Celebrate examples**: Abstract values need concrete stories of values in action
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5. **Iterate**: Values are living, not static - update based on feedback
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---
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## Quality Checklist for Scaling Organizations
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Before finalizing alignment framework refresh, check:
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**Discovery**:
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- [ ] Interviewed stakeholders across levels/functions
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- [ ] Reviewed actual decisions (not just stated values)
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- [ ] Identified gap between stated and actual values
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- [ ] Understood why current values aren't working
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**Refinement**:
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- [ ] New values address root causes (not symptoms)
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- [ ] Values evolved from old (honored the past)
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- [ ] Values are specific and actionable (not vague platitudes)
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- [ ] Tenets operationalize values (guide concrete decisions)
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- [ ] Conflicts between values explicitly resolved (priority tenets)
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**Multi-Team Alignment**:
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- [ ] Company-wide values clear
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- [ ] Function-level interpretations add specificity
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- [ ] Team practices connect to function/company values
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- [ ] Decision authority matrix defined (what escalates vs local)
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- [ ] Cross-team conflicts have resolution process
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**Rollout**:
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- [ ] Leadership aligned and can model values
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- [ ] Communication plan (all-hands, team workshops, 1:1s)
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- [ ] Integration into systems (hiring, perf review, decision memos)
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- [ ] Examples prepared (values in action stories)
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- [ ] Feedback loops established (quarterly check-ins)
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**Reinforcement**:
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- [ ] Regular rituals (monthly values spotlights)
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- [ ] Values referenced in decisions (not just posters)
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- [ ] Consequences tied to values (promotions, rewards)
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- [ ] Audit usage quarterly (are values being applied?)
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- [ ] Iterate based on feedback (values evolve)
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**Minimum standard for scaling orgs**: All checklist items completed before rollout
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