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commands/prime/components.md
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488
commands/prime/components.md
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---
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description: Load Vue component patterns and best practices
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---
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# Vue Component Priming
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> **Note:** This command references the `nuxt:nuxt` skill for progressive disclosure of additional Vue patterns and library-specific documentation.
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## Script Setup Syntax
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ALWAYS use `<script setup lang="ts">` for component script sections.
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### Props
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ALWAYS use TypeScript type-based syntax for `defineProps()`:
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```typescript
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// ✅ Correct: Type-based with destructuring and inline defaults
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const {
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title,
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count = 0,
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enabled = true,
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} = defineProps<{
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title: string
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count?: number
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enabled?: boolean
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}>()
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// ✅ Correct: No props used in script
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defineProps<{
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title: string
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}>()
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// ❌ Wrong: Runtime PropType syntax
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import type { PropType } from "vue"
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defineProps({
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items: {
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type: Array as PropType<string[]>,
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required: true,
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},
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})
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```
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### Emits
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ALWAYS use type-based syntax for `defineEmits`:
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```typescript
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// ✅ Correct: Type-based emits
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const emit = defineEmits<{
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update: [value: string]
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close: []
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}>()
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// ❌ Wrong: Runtime array syntax
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const emit = defineEmits(["update", "close"])
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```
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### Event Handler Typing
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When emitting events with event objects, use appropriate event types:
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```typescript
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// ✅ Correct: Typed event handlers
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const emit = defineEmits<{
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click: [event: MouseEvent]
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keypress: [event: KeyboardEvent]
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input: [event: InputEvent]
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submit: [event: SubmitEvent]
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}>()
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// Usage in template
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<button @click="emit('click', $event)">Click me</button>
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<input @keypress="emit('keypress', $event)" />
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```
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### v-model
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USE `defineModel()` for v-model implementations:
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```typescript
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// ✅ Correct: Using defineModel
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const modelValue = defineModel<string>()
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// With options
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const modelValue = defineModel<string>({ required: true })
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// ❌ Wrong: Manual prop + emit
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const props = defineProps<{ modelValue: string }>()
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const emit = defineEmits<{ "update:modelValue": [value: string] }>()
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```
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## Component Structure
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### Template Placement
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ALWAYS place `<template>` section first, before `<script>` and `<style>`:
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```vue
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<!-- ✅ Correct order -->
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<template>
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<div>{{ title }}</div>
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</template>
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<script setup lang="ts">
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const { title } = defineProps<{ title: string }>()
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</script>
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<style scoped>
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div {
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color: blue;
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}
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</style>
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```
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### Component Naming
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- ALWAYS use multi-word component names except for Nuxt pages and layouts
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- Examples: `UserProfile.vue`, `SearchBar.vue` (not `User.vue`, `Search.vue`)
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- Exception: `pages/index.vue`, `pages/about.vue`, `layouts/default.vue`
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## Template Directives
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### v-for Loops
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ALWAYS use `key` in v-for loops and prefer `of` over `in`:
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```vue
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<!-- ✅ Correct -->
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<li v-for="user of users" :key="user.id">{{ user.name }}</li>
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<!-- ❌ Wrong: Missing key -->
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<li v-for="user of users">{{ user.name }}</li>
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<!-- ❌ Wrong: Using 'in' instead of 'of' -->
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<li v-for="user in users" :key="user.id">{{ user.name }}</li>
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```
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### Prop Binding Shorthand
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ALWAYS use shorthand syntax when passing props with same name as variable:
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```vue
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<!-- ✅ Correct: Shorthand -->
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<UserCard :username :avatar :bio />
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<!-- ❌ Wrong: Verbose when unnecessary -->
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<UserCard :username="username" :avatar="avatar" :bio="bio" />
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```
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## Reactivity and State
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### Reactive References
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PREFER `ref()` for reactive state instead of `reactive()`:
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```typescript
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// ✅ Preferred: Using ref
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const count = ref(0)
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const user = ref({ name: "Alice", age: 30 })
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// ❌ Less preferred: Using reactive (loses reactivity on destructure)
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const state = reactive({ count: 0 })
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```
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### Auto-Imported Vue APIs
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Never manually import these in Nuxt projects - they're auto-imported:
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**Reactivity:**
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- `ref` - Reactive primitive values
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- `reactive` - Reactive objects
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- `computed` - Computed values
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- `watch` - Watch reactive values
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**Lifecycle:**
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- `onMounted` - Component mounted
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- `onUnmounted` - Component unmounted
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- `onBeforeMount`, `onBeforeUnmount`, etc.
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**Component APIs:**
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- `defineProps` - Define props (type-based)
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- `defineEmits` - Define emits (type-based)
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- `defineModel` - Define v-model (type-based)
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**Utilities:**
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- `useId` - Generate unique IDs for accessibility/form elements (SSR-safe)
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## Component Organization
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### Logical Grouping
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PREFER to group by logical concerns rather than by type:
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```typescript
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// ✅ Preferred: Grouped by feature/concern
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<script setup lang="ts">
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// User authentication concern
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const user = ref(null)
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const isAuthenticated = computed(() => !!user.value)
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async function login() { /* ... */ }
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// Search functionality concern
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const searchQuery = ref('')
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const searchResults = computed(() => /* ... */)
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function handleSearch() { /* ... */ }
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</script>
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// ❌ Less preferred: Grouped by type
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<script setup lang="ts">
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// All refs
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const user = ref(null)
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const searchQuery = ref('')
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// All computed
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const isAuthenticated = computed(() => !!user.value)
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const searchResults = computed(() => /* ... */)
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// All functions
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async function login() { /* ... */ }
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function handleSearch() { /* ... */ }
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</script>
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```
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## Styling Strategy
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**Check `package.json` for `@nuxtjs/tailwindcss`:**
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### If Tailwind Installed
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```vue
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<template>
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<div class="flex items-center gap-4 p-4 bg-gray-100 dark:bg-gray-800">
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<!-- Use Tailwind utilities -->
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<!-- Arbitrary variants: [&::-webkit-scrollbar]:w-1.5 -->
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<!-- Custom properties: @theme directive -->
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</div>
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</template>
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```
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### If NO Tailwind
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ALWAYS use `<style scoped>`. PREFER short, simple class names - scoped styles eliminate need for BEM:
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```vue
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<!-- ✅ Preferred -->
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<template>
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<div class="card">
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<div class="header">Title</div>
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<div class="content">Body</div>
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</div>
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</template>
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<style scoped>
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.card { padding: 1rem; }
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.header { font-weight: bold; }
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.content { flex: 1; }
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</style>
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<!-- ❌ Avoid: BEM with scoped styles -->
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<div class="user-card">
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<div class="user-card__header">Title</div>
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</div>
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```
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## VueUse Composables (If Installed)
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Check `package.json` for `@vueuse/core` or `@vueuse/nuxt`:
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PREFER VueUse composables over custom implementations for common tasks:
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```typescript
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// ✅ Preferred: Using VueUse (if installed)
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import { useLocalStorage, useMouse, useWindowSize } from "@vueuse/core"
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const token = useLocalStorage("auth-token", "")
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// ❌ Avoid: Custom implementation when VueUse exists
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const token = ref(localStorage.getItem("auth-token") || "")
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watch(token, (val) => localStorage.setItem("auth-token", val))
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```
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### Common VueUse Patterns
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**State:**
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- `useToggle`, `useCounter`, `useLocalStorage`, `useSessionStorage`
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**DOM:**
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- `useMouse`, `useScroll`, `useElementVisibility`, `useIntersectionObserver`, `useResizeObserver`
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**Browser:**
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- `useClipboard`, `useMediaQuery`, `useDark`, `usePreferredDark`, `useGeolocation`
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**Utilities:**
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- `refDebounced`, `useDebounceFn`, `refThrottled`, `useThrottleFn`, `useInterval`, `useTimeout`
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The `nuxt:nuxt` skill provides detailed VueUse reference when installed.
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## Accessibility
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- Use semantic HTML: `<button>`, `<nav>`, `<main>`, `<article>`
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- Add ARIA attributes to interactive elements
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- Ensure keyboard navigation (tab order, enter/space handlers)
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## TypeScript Types
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- Place component prop interfaces in same file or `/types` directory
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- Use PascalCase: `ButtonProps`, `CardProps`, `UserState`
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- Never use `as any` - prefer type guards or `as unknown as Type`
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## Performance Patterns
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### Computed vs Methods
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Use `computed()` for derived state (cached):
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```typescript
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// ✅ Cached, only recalculates when dependencies change
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const fullName = computed(() => `${firstName.value} ${lastName.value}`)
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// ❌ Recalculates on every render
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const getFullName = () => `${firstName.value} ${lastName.value}`
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```
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### Static Content
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Use `v-once` for static content that never changes:
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```vue
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<div v-once>
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<h1>Static Header</h1>
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<p>This content never changes</p>
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</div>
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```
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### Expensive Lists
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Use `v-memo` for expensive lists with stable data:
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```vue
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<div v-for="item of list" :key="item.id" v-memo="[item.id]">
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<!-- Expensive rendering -->
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</div>
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```
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## Template Best Practices
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### Conditional Rendering
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- Use `v-show` for frequent toggles
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- Use `v-if` for conditional rendering
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```vue
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<!-- Frequent toggling: keep in DOM -->
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<div v-show="isVisible">Toggle me often</div>
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<!-- Conditional: add/remove from DOM -->
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<div v-if="hasPermission">Render only when needed</div>
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```
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### Event Handling
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```vue
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<!-- Inline handlers for simple cases -->
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<button @click="count++">Increment</button>
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<!-- Method refs for complex logic -->
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<button @click="handleSubmit">Submit</button>
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<!-- Modifiers -->
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<button @click.prevent="handleClick">Prevent Default</button>
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<input @keyup.enter="handleEnter" />
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```
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### Slots
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```vue
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<!-- Basic slot -->
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<template>
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<div class="card">
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<slot />
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</div>
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</template>
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<!-- Named slots -->
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<template>
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<div class="card">
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<header><slot name="header" /></header>
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<main><slot /></main>
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<footer><slot name="footer" /></footer>
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</div>
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</template>
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<!-- Scoped slots -->
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<template>
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<ul>
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<li v-for="item of items" :key="item.id">
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<slot :item="item" />
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</li>
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</ul>
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</template>
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```
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## Provide/Inject
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For dependency injection:
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```typescript
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// Parent component
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provide("theme", "dark")
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provide("api", apiClient)
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// Child component (any depth)
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const theme = inject("theme")
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const api = inject("api")
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// With TypeScript
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import type { InjectionKey } from "vue"
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interface Theme {
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mode: "light" | "dark"
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}
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const themeKey: InjectionKey<Theme> = Symbol("theme")
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// Provide
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provide(themeKey, { mode: "dark" })
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// Inject
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const theme = inject(themeKey)
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```
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## Lifecycle Hooks
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```typescript
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// Setup (reactive state initialization)
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const count = ref(0)
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// Mounted (DOM available)
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onMounted(() => {
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console.log("Component mounted")
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})
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// Before unmount (cleanup)
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onBeforeUnmount(() => {
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// Remove event listeners, clear timers, etc.
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})
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// Unmounted
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onUnmounted(() => {
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console.log("Component unmounted")
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})
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// Watch effect (runs immediately and on dependencies change)
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watchEffect(() => {
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console.log(`Count is ${count.value}`)
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})
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// Watch specific value
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watch(count, (newValue, oldValue) => {
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console.log(`Count changed from ${oldValue} to ${newValue}`)
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})
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```
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## Template Refs
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```vue
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<template>
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<input ref="inputRef" />
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<MyComponent ref="componentRef" />
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</template>
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<script setup lang="ts">
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const inputRef = ref<HTMLInputElement>()
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const componentRef = ref<InstanceType<typeof MyComponent>>()
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onMounted(() => {
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inputRef.value?.focus()
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})
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</script>
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```
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user