Initial commit
This commit is contained in:
410
skills/go-cli-builder/references/template-patterns.md
Normal file
410
skills/go-cli-builder/references/template-patterns.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
|
||||
# Template Patterns for Go CLI Tools
|
||||
|
||||
This guide covers patterns for implementing customizable output templates in Go CLI tools, based on successful patterns from `linkding-to-markdown` and `mastodon-to-markdown`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Overview
|
||||
|
||||
CLI tools that generate formatted output (Markdown, HTML, XML, etc.) benefit from:
|
||||
1. **Embedded default templates** - Work out of the box, single binary
|
||||
2. **User customization** - Users can modify templates for their needs
|
||||
3. **Init command** - Easy way to get started with configuration and templates
|
||||
|
||||
## Architecture
|
||||
|
||||
### Directory Structure
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
my-cli-tool/
|
||||
├── cmd/
|
||||
│ ├── init.go # Init command to bootstrap config/templates
|
||||
│ └── fetch.go # Command that uses templates
|
||||
├── internal/
|
||||
│ ├── templates/
|
||||
│ │ ├── templates.go # Template loader with embedded defaults
|
||||
│ │ └── default.md # Default template (embedded via //go:embed)
|
||||
│ └── generator/ # Or markdown/, formatter/, etc.
|
||||
│ └── generator.go # Template renderer and data structures
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Implementation Steps
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Create Template Package
|
||||
|
||||
**File: `internal/templates/templates.go`**
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
package templates
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
_ "embed"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
//go:embed default.md
|
||||
var defaultTemplate string
|
||||
|
||||
// GetDefaultTemplate returns the embedded default template content
|
||||
func GetDefaultTemplate() (string, error) {
|
||||
return defaultTemplate, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**File: `internal/templates/default.md`**
|
||||
|
||||
Create your default template using Go's `text/template` syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
```markdown
|
||||
# {{ .Title }}
|
||||
|
||||
_Generated: {{ .Generated }}_
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
{{ range .Items -}}
|
||||
## {{ .Name }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ .Description }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ if .Tags -}}
|
||||
Tags: {{ join .Tags ", " }}
|
||||
{{ end -}}
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
{{ end -}}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Create Generator/Renderer
|
||||
|
||||
**File: `internal/generator/generator.go`**
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
package generator
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io"
|
||||
"os"
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
"text/template"
|
||||
"time"
|
||||
|
||||
"yourproject/internal/templates"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Generator struct {
|
||||
template *template.Template
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// NewGenerator creates a generator with the default embedded template
|
||||
func NewGenerator() (*Generator, error) {
|
||||
defaultTmpl, err := templates.GetDefaultTemplate()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get default template: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return NewGeneratorWithTemplate(defaultTmpl)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// NewGeneratorFromFile creates a generator from a template file
|
||||
func NewGeneratorFromFile(templatePath string) (*Generator, error) {
|
||||
content, err := os.ReadFile(templatePath)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read template file: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return NewGeneratorWithTemplate(string(content))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// NewGeneratorWithTemplate creates a generator with a custom template string
|
||||
func NewGeneratorWithTemplate(tmplStr string) (*Generator, error) {
|
||||
// Define template functions
|
||||
funcMap := template.FuncMap{
|
||||
"formatDate": func(t time.Time, format string) string {
|
||||
return t.Format(format)
|
||||
},
|
||||
"join": strings.Join,
|
||||
"hasContent": func(s string) bool {
|
||||
return strings.TrimSpace(s) != ""
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
tmpl, err := template.New("output").Funcs(funcMap).Parse(tmplStr)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse template: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return &Generator{template: tmpl}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// TemplateData holds data passed to templates
|
||||
type TemplateData struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Generated string
|
||||
Items []Item
|
||||
// Add your domain-specific fields here
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generate executes the template with data and writes to writer
|
||||
func (g *Generator) Generate(w io.Writer, data TemplateData) error {
|
||||
if err := g.template.Execute(w, data); err != nil {
|
||||
return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute template: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Create Init Command
|
||||
|
||||
Use the `init.go.template` from the skill, customizing the `defaultConfigContent` for your project's needs.
|
||||
|
||||
Key features:
|
||||
- Creates config file with documented options
|
||||
- Creates customizable template file from embedded default
|
||||
- Supports `--force` to overwrite
|
||||
- Supports `--template-file` to specify custom filename
|
||||
- Provides helpful next steps
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Integrate with Commands
|
||||
|
||||
**In your command that generates output:**
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
func runFetch(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
|
||||
logger := GetLogger()
|
||||
|
||||
// ... fetch your data ...
|
||||
|
||||
// Create generator with custom template or default
|
||||
templatePath := viper.GetString("fetch.template")
|
||||
var generator *generator.Generator
|
||||
var err error
|
||||
|
||||
if templatePath != "" {
|
||||
logger.Infof("Using custom template: %s", templatePath)
|
||||
generator, err = generator.NewGeneratorFromFile(templatePath)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return fmt.Errorf("failed to load custom template: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
generator, err = generator.NewGenerator()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create generator: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Prepare template data
|
||||
data := generator.TemplateData{
|
||||
Title: viper.GetString("fetch.title"),
|
||||
Generated: time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
|
||||
Items: fetchedItems,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Determine output destination
|
||||
outputPath := viper.GetString("fetch.output")
|
||||
var output *os.File
|
||||
if outputPath != "" {
|
||||
output, err = os.Create(outputPath)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create output file: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
defer output.Close()
|
||||
logger.Infof("Writing output to %s", outputPath)
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
output = os.Stdout
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generate output
|
||||
if err := generator.Generate(output, data); err != nil {
|
||||
return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate output: %w", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Add Configuration Support
|
||||
|
||||
**In `internal/config/config.go`:**
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
type Config struct {
|
||||
// ... other config ...
|
||||
|
||||
Fetch struct {
|
||||
Output string
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Template string // Path to custom template file
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**In your command's flags:**
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
fetchCmd.Flags().String("template", "", "Custom template file (default: built-in template)")
|
||||
_ = viper.BindPFlag("fetch.template", fetchCmd.Flags().Lookup("template"))
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**In config YAML:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
fetch:
|
||||
output: "output.md"
|
||||
title: "My Output"
|
||||
template: "my-custom-template.md" # Optional
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Template Functions
|
||||
|
||||
Provide helpful template functions for common operations:
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
funcMap := template.FuncMap{
|
||||
// Date formatting
|
||||
"formatDate": func(t time.Time, format string) string {
|
||||
return t.Format(format)
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
// String operations
|
||||
"join": strings.Join,
|
||||
"hasContent": func(s string) bool {
|
||||
return strings.TrimSpace(s) != ""
|
||||
},
|
||||
"truncate": func(s string, length int) string {
|
||||
if len(s) <= length {
|
||||
return s
|
||||
}
|
||||
return s[:length] + "..."
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
// Conditional helpers
|
||||
"default": func(defaultVal, val interface{}) interface{} {
|
||||
if val == nil || val == "" {
|
||||
return defaultVal
|
||||
}
|
||||
return val
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## User Workflow
|
||||
|
||||
### First-Time Setup
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# User initializes config and template
|
||||
$ my-tool init
|
||||
✅ Initialization complete!
|
||||
|
||||
Next steps:
|
||||
1. Edit my-tool.yaml and add your configuration
|
||||
2. (Optional) Customize my-tool.md for your preferred output format
|
||||
3. Run: my-tool fetch --help for usage information
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Using Default Template
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Just works with embedded default
|
||||
$ my-tool fetch --output result.md
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Using Custom Template
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# After editing my-tool.md
|
||||
$ my-tool fetch --template my-tool.md --output result.md
|
||||
|
||||
# Or via config file
|
||||
$ cat my-tool.yaml
|
||||
fetch:
|
||||
template: "my-tool.md"
|
||||
|
||||
$ my-tool fetch --output result.md
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Always provide a sensible default template** - Tool should work without customization
|
||||
2. **Document template variables** - In README and/or generated template comments
|
||||
3. **Validate templates early** - Parse template when creating generator, not during execution
|
||||
4. **Provide helpful error messages** - Template parse errors should show line numbers
|
||||
5. **Include examples** - Show template snippets in documentation
|
||||
6. **Support both stdout and file output** - Enables piping and integration
|
||||
7. **Make template optional** - Config file should work without template field set
|
||||
|
||||
## Template Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
In your README, document:
|
||||
|
||||
### Available Variables
|
||||
|
||||
```markdown
|
||||
### Template Variables
|
||||
|
||||
- `.Title` - Document title (string)
|
||||
- `.Generated` - Generation timestamp (string)
|
||||
- `.Items` - Array of items to include
|
||||
|
||||
### Item Fields
|
||||
|
||||
Each item has:
|
||||
- `.Name` - Item name (string)
|
||||
- `.Description` - Item description (string)
|
||||
- `.Tags` - Array of tags ([]string)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Available Functions
|
||||
|
||||
```markdown
|
||||
### Template Functions
|
||||
|
||||
- `formatDate <time> <format>` - Format time.Time with Go time format
|
||||
- `join <slice> <separator>` - Join string slice
|
||||
- `hasContent <string>` - Check if string is non-empty
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Example Template
|
||||
|
||||
Include a complete working example users can copy/paste.
|
||||
|
||||
## Testing Templates
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
func TestTemplateExecution(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
tmpl := `{{ .Title }}
|
||||
{{ range .Items }}{{ .Name }}{{ end }}`
|
||||
|
||||
gen, err := NewGeneratorWithTemplate(tmpl)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("failed to create generator: %v", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
data := TemplateData{
|
||||
Title: "Test",
|
||||
Items: []Item{{Name: "Item1"}, {Name: "Item2"}},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var buf bytes.Buffer
|
||||
if err := gen.Generate(&buf, data); err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("failed to generate: %v", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
expected := "Test\nItem1Item2"
|
||||
if buf.String() != expected {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", expected, buf.String())
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Common Pitfalls
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Not using `//go:embed`** - Requires users to distribute template files separately
|
||||
2. **No template validation** - Errors appear late during execution
|
||||
3. **Poor error messages** - Template errors can be cryptic, add context
|
||||
4. **Forgetting `defer file.Close()`** - When writing to files
|
||||
5. **Not supporting stdout** - Reduces composability with other tools
|
||||
6. **Hardcoded paths** - Use relative paths or make configurable
|
||||
|
||||
## Examples in the Wild
|
||||
|
||||
- **linkding-to-markdown** - Bookmarks to Markdown with grouping options
|
||||
- **mastodon-to-markdown** - Posts to Markdown with media handling
|
||||
- **feedspool-go** - RSS/Atom feed processing with custom templates
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user