318 lines
11 KiB
TeX
318 lines
11 KiB
TeX
% PLOS ONE Article Template
|
||
% For submission to PLOS ONE and other PLOS journals
|
||
% Last updated: 2024
|
||
|
||
\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper]{article}
|
||
|
||
% Packages
|
||
\usepackage[top=0.85in,left=2.75in,footskip=0.75in]{geometry}
|
||
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
|
||
\usepackage{changepage}
|
||
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
|
||
\usepackage{textcomp,marvosym}
|
||
\usepackage{cite}
|
||
\usepackage{nameref,hyperref}
|
||
\usepackage[right]{lineno}
|
||
\usepackage{microtype}
|
||
\usepackage{graphicx}
|
||
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
|
||
\usepackage{array}
|
||
\usepackage{authblk}
|
||
|
||
% Line numbering
|
||
\linenumbers
|
||
|
||
% Set up authblk for PLOS format
|
||
\renewcommand\Authfont{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont}
|
||
\renewcommand\Affilfont{\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}
|
||
|
||
% Title
|
||
\title{Your Article Title Here: Concise and Descriptive}
|
||
|
||
% Authors and Affiliations
|
||
\author[1]{First Author}
|
||
\author[1,2]{Second Author}
|
||
\author[2,$\dagger$]{Third Author}
|
||
|
||
\affil[1]{Department of Biology, University Name, City, State, Country}
|
||
\affil[2]{Institute of Research, Institution Name, City, Country}
|
||
|
||
% Corresponding author
|
||
\affil[$\dagger$]{Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]}
|
||
|
||
\date{}
|
||
|
||
\begin{document}
|
||
|
||
\maketitle
|
||
|
||
% Abstract
|
||
\begin{abstract}
|
||
\noindent
|
||
Write a structured or unstructured abstract of 250-300 words. The abstract should be accessible to a broad readership and should clearly state: (1) background/rationale, (2) objectives, (3) methods, (4) principal findings with key data, and (5) conclusions and significance. Do not include citations in the abstract.
|
||
\end{abstract}
|
||
|
||
% Introduction
|
||
\section*{Introduction}
|
||
|
||
Provide background and context for your study. The introduction should:
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item Present the rationale for your study
|
||
\item Clearly state what is currently known about the topic
|
||
\item Identify the knowledge gap your study addresses
|
||
\item State your research objectives or hypotheses
|
||
\item Explain the significance of the research
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
Review relevant literature \cite{smith2023,jones2022}, setting your work in context.
|
||
|
||
State your main research question or objective at the end of the introduction.
|
||
|
||
% Materials and Methods
|
||
\section*{Materials and Methods}
|
||
|
||
Provide sufficient detail to allow reproduction of your work.
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Study Design}
|
||
Describe the overall study design (e.g., prospective cohort, randomized controlled trial, observational study, etc.).
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Participants/Samples}
|
||
Describe your study population, sample collection, or experimental subjects:
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item Sample size and how it was determined (power analysis)
|
||
\item Inclusion and exclusion criteria
|
||
\item Demographic information
|
||
\item For animal studies: species, strain, age, sex, housing conditions
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Procedures}
|
||
Detail all experimental procedures, measurements, and interventions. Include:
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item Equipment and reagents (with manufacturer, catalog numbers)
|
||
\item Protocols and procedures (step-by-step if novel)
|
||
\item Controls used
|
||
\item Blinding and randomization (if applicable)
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Data Collection}
|
||
Describe how data were collected, including instruments, assays, and measurements.
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Statistical Analysis}
|
||
Clearly describe statistical methods used:
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item Software and version (e.g., R 4.3.0, Python 3.9 with scipy 1.9.0)
|
||
\item Statistical tests performed (e.g., t-tests, ANOVA, regression)
|
||
\item Significance level ($\alpha$, typically 0.05)
|
||
\item Corrections for multiple testing
|
||
\item Sample size justification
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Ethical Approval}
|
||
Include relevant ethical approval statements:
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item Human subjects: IRB approval, protocol number, consent procedures
|
||
\item Animal research: IACUC approval, protocol number, welfare considerations
|
||
\item Field studies: Permits and permissions
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
Example: "This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of University Name (Protocol \#12345). All participants provided written informed consent."
|
||
|
||
% Results
|
||
\section*{Results}
|
||
|
||
Present your findings in a logical sequence. Refer to figures and tables as you describe results. Do not interpret results in this section (save for Discussion).
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{First Major Finding}
|
||
Describe your first key result. Statistical results should include effect sizes and confidence intervals in addition to p-values.
|
||
|
||
As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:results1}, we observed a significant increase in [outcome variable] (mean $\pm$ SD: 45.2 $\pm$ 8.3 vs. 32.1 $\pm$ 6.9; t = 7.42, df = 48, p < 0.001).
|
||
|
||
\begin{figure}[!ht]
|
||
\centering
|
||
% \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{figure1.png}
|
||
\caption{{\bf Figure 1. Title of first figure.}
|
||
Detailed figure legend describing what is shown. Include: (A) Description of panel A. (B) Description of panel B. Sample sizes (n), error bars represent [SD, SEM, 95\% CI], and statistical significance indicated by asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Statistical test used should be stated.}
|
||
\label{fig:results1}
|
||
\end{figure}
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Second Major Finding}
|
||
Describe your second key result, referencing Table~\ref{tab:results1}.
|
||
|
||
\begin{table}[!ht]
|
||
\centering
|
||
\caption{{\bf Table 1. Title of table.}}
|
||
\label{tab:results1}
|
||
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
|
||
\hline
|
||
\textbf{Condition} & \textbf{Measurement 1} & \textbf{Measurement 2} & \textbf{p-value} \\
|
||
\hline
|
||
Control & 25.3 $\pm$ 3.1 & 48.2 $\pm$ 5.4 & -- \\
|
||
Treatment A & 32.7 $\pm$ 2.8 & 55.1 $\pm$ 4.9 & 0.003 \\
|
||
Treatment B & 41.2 $\pm$ 3.5 & 62.8 $\pm$ 6.2 & < 0.001 \\
|
||
\hline
|
||
\end{tabular}
|
||
\begin{flushleft}
|
||
Values shown as mean $\pm$ standard deviation (n = 20 per group). P-values from one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test comparing to control.
|
||
\end{flushleft}
|
||
\end{table}
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Additional Results}
|
||
Present additional findings as needed.
|
||
|
||
% Discussion
|
||
\section*{Discussion}
|
||
|
||
Interpret your results and place them in the context of existing literature.
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Principal Findings}
|
||
Summarize your main findings concisely.
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Interpretation}
|
||
Interpret your findings and explain their significance. How do they advance understanding of the topic? Compare and contrast with previous studies \cite{brown2021,williams2020}.
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Strengths and Limitations}
|
||
Discuss both strengths and limitations of your study honestly:
|
||
|
||
\textbf{Strengths:}
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item Large sample size with adequate statistical power
|
||
\item Rigorous methodology with appropriate controls
|
||
\item Novel approach or finding
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
\textbf{Limitations:}
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item Cross-sectional design limits causal inference
|
||
\item Generalizability may be limited to [specific population]
|
||
\item Potential confounding variables not measured
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Implications}
|
||
Discuss the practical or theoretical implications of your findings.
|
||
|
||
\subsection*{Future Directions}
|
||
Suggest directions for future research.
|
||
|
||
% Conclusions
|
||
\section*{Conclusions}
|
||
|
||
Provide a concise conclusion summarizing the main findings and their significance. Avoid repeating the abstract.
|
||
|
||
% Acknowledgments
|
||
\section*{Acknowledgments}
|
||
|
||
Acknowledge individuals who contributed but do not meet authorship criteria, technical assistance, and writing assistance. Example: "We thank Dr. Jane Doe for technical assistance with microscopy and Dr. John Smith for helpful discussions."
|
||
|
||
% References
|
||
\section*{References}
|
||
|
||
% Using BibTeX
|
||
\bibliographystyle{plos2015}
|
||
\bibliography{references}
|
||
|
||
% Or manually formatted (Vancouver style, numbered):
|
||
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
|
||
|
||
\bibitem{smith2023}
|
||
Smith JD, Johnson ML, Williams KR. Title of article. Journal Abbrev. 2023;45(3):301-318. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.1234567.
|
||
|
||
\bibitem{jones2022}
|
||
Jones AB, Brown CD. Another article title. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(8):e0234567. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234567.
|
||
|
||
\bibitem{brown2021}
|
||
Brown EF, Davis GH, Wilson IJ, Taylor JK. Comprehensive study title. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1234. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-12345-6.
|
||
|
||
\bibitem{williams2020}
|
||
Williams LM, Anderson NO. Previous work on topic. Science. 2020;368(6489):456-460. doi:10.1126/science.abc1234.
|
||
|
||
\end{thebibliography}
|
||
|
||
% Supporting Information
|
||
\section*{Supporting Information}
|
||
|
||
List all supporting information files (captions provided separately during submission):
|
||
|
||
\paragraph{S1 Fig.}
|
||
\textbf{Title of supplementary figure 1.} Brief description.
|
||
|
||
\paragraph{S2 Fig.}
|
||
\textbf{Title of supplementary figure 2.} Brief description.
|
||
|
||
\paragraph{S1 Table.}
|
||
\textbf{Title of supplementary table 1.} Brief description.
|
||
|
||
\paragraph{S1 Dataset.}
|
||
\textbf{Raw data.} Complete dataset used in analysis (CSV format).
|
||
|
||
\paragraph{S1 File.}
|
||
\textbf{Supplementary methods.} Additional methodological details.
|
||
|
||
% Author Contributions (CRediT taxonomy recommended)
|
||
\section*{Author Contributions}
|
||
|
||
Use CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy):
|
||
\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item \textbf{Conceptualization:} FA, SA
|
||
\item \textbf{Data curation:} FA
|
||
\item \textbf{Formal analysis:} FA, SA
|
||
\item \textbf{Funding acquisition:} TA
|
||
\item \textbf{Investigation:} FA, SA
|
||
\item \textbf{Methodology:} FA, SA, TA
|
||
\item \textbf{Project administration:} TA
|
||
\item \textbf{Resources:} TA
|
||
\item \textbf{Software:} FA
|
||
\item \textbf{Supervision:} TA
|
||
\item \textbf{Validation:} FA, SA
|
||
\item \textbf{Visualization:} FA
|
||
\item \textbf{Writing – original draft:} FA
|
||
\item \textbf{Writing – review \& editing:} FA, SA, TA
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
|
||
(FA = First Author, SA = Second Author, TA = Third Author)
|
||
|
||
% Data Availability Statement (REQUIRED)
|
||
\section*{Data Availability}
|
||
|
||
Choose one of the following:
|
||
|
||
\textbf{Option 1 (Public repository):}
|
||
All data are available in the [repository name] repository at [URL/DOI].
|
||
|
||
\textbf{Option 2 (Supporting Information):}
|
||
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
|
||
|
||
\textbf{Option 3 (Available on request):}
|
||
Data cannot be shared publicly because of [reason]. Data are available from the [institution/contact] (contact via [email]) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data.
|
||
|
||
\textbf{Option 4 (Third-party):}
|
||
Data are available from [third party] (contact: [details]) for researchers who meet criteria for access.
|
||
|
||
% Funding Statement (REQUIRED)
|
||
\section*{Funding}
|
||
|
||
State all funding sources including grant numbers. If no funding, state "The authors received no specific funding for this work."
|
||
|
||
Example: "This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) [grant number 123456 to TA] and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [grant number R01-234567 to TA]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."
|
||
|
||
% Competing Interests (REQUIRED)
|
||
\section*{Competing Interests}
|
||
|
||
Declare any financial or non-financial competing interests. If none, state: "The authors have declared that no competing interests exist."
|
||
|
||
If competing interests exist, declare them explicitly: "Author TA is a consultant for Company X. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials."
|
||
|
||
\end{document}
|
||
|
||
% Notes for Authors:
|
||
% 1. PLOS ONE has no length limit - be concise but thorough
|
||
% 2. Use Vancouver style for citations [1], [2], [3]
|
||
% 3. Figures: TIFF or EPS format, 300-600 dpi
|
||
% 4. All data must be made available (data availability statement required)
|
||
% 5. Include line numbers for review
|
||
% 6. PLOS ONE focuses on scientific rigor, not novelty or impact
|
||
% 7. Reporting guidelines encouraged (CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA, etc.)
|
||
% 8. Ethical approval required for human/animal studies
|
||
% 9. All authors must agree to submission
|
||
% 10. Submit via PLOS online submission system
|
||
|