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\documentclass[aspectratio=169,11pt]{beamer}
% Encoding
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
% Theme and colors
\usetheme{Madrid}
\usecolortheme{beaver}
% Remove navigation symbols
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
% Page numbers in footer
\setbeamertemplate{footline}[frame number]
% Graphics
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{{./figures/}}
% Math
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}
% Tables
\usepackage{booktabs}
% Citations
\usepackage[style=authoryear,maxcitenames=2,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{references.bib}
\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\tiny}
% Colors (customize these)
\definecolor{primaryblue}{RGB}{0,90,156}
\definecolor{secondaryorange}{RGB}{228,108,10}
% Custom colors for theme elements
\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=primaryblue}
\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=primaryblue}
\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=primaryblue}
\setbeamercolor{block title}{fg=white,bg=primaryblue}
% Title page information
\title[Short Title]{Full Presentation Title:\\Descriptive and Specific}
\subtitle{Optional Subtitle}
\author[Author Name]{Author Name\inst{1}}
\institute[Institution]{
\inst{1}
Department of XYZ\\
University Name\\
\vspace{0.2cm}
\texttt{email@university.edu}
}
\date{Conference Name\\Month Day, Year}
% Optional: Logo
% \logo{\includegraphics[height=0.8cm]{logo.png}}
\begin{document}
% Title slide
\begin{frame}[plain]
\titlepage
\end{frame}
% Outline (optional for conference talks)
% \begin{frame}{Outline}
% \tableofcontents
% \end{frame}
%==============================================
% INTRODUCTION
%==============================================
\section{Introduction}
\begin{frame}{The Problem}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> Start with a compelling hook or problem statement
\item<2-> Establish why this research matters
\item<3-> Set up the knowledge gap
\item<4-> Preview your contribution
\end{itemize}
\vfill
\uncover<4->{
\begin{block}{Research Question}
State your specific research question or hypothesis clearly
\end{block}
}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Background and Context}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Prior Work:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Key finding 1 \cite{reference1}
\item Key finding 2 \cite{reference2}
\item Knowledge gap identified
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
% Example figure
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{context_figure.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Figure: Context or Prior Work]}
\caption{Illustration of the problem}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% METHODS
%==============================================
\section{Methods}
\begin{frame}{Study Design}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
\textbf{Approach:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Study type/design
\item Participants/sample (n = X)
\item Key procedures
\item Analysis strategy
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{alertblock}{Key Innovation}
Highlight what makes your approach novel or improved
\end{alertblock}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{methods_schematic.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Methods Diagram]}
\caption{Experimental design}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Analysis Overview}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Primary outcome:} What you measured
\item \textbf{Statistical approach:} Tests used
\item \textbf{Sample size justification:} Power analysis (if applicable)
\item \textbf{Software:} Tools and versions used
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
% Optional: Show key equation
\begin{exampleblock}{Key Model}
\begin{equation}
Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \beta_2 X_2 + \epsilon
\end{equation}
\end{exampleblock}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% RESULTS
%==============================================
\section{Results}
\begin{frame}{Main Finding 1}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{result1.pdf}
\framebox[0.8\textwidth][c]{[Figure: Main Result 1]}
\caption{Primary outcome showing significant effect ($p < 0.001$)}
\end{figure}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\begin{itemize}
\item<2-> Key observation: Description of pattern
\item<3-> Statistical result: Effect size and significance
\item<4-> Interpretation: What this means
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Main Finding 2}
\begin{columns}[c]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{result2a.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Result 2A]}
\caption{Condition A}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{result2b.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Result 2B]}
\caption{Condition B}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{itemize}
\item Comparison shows: Key difference
\item Statistical test: $t(50) = 3.4, p = 0.001$
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Supporting Evidence}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Summary of key results across conditions}
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\toprule
\textbf{Condition} & \textbf{Metric 1} & \textbf{Metric 2} & \textbf{$p$-value} \\
\midrule
Control & 45.2 $\pm$ 3.1 & 0.65 & --- \\
Treatment & 67.8 $\pm$ 2.9 & 0.82 & $< 0.001$ \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{itemize}
\item Consistent pattern across multiple metrics
\item Effect robust to various controls
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% DISCUSSION
%==============================================
\section{Discussion}
\begin{frame}{Interpretation}
\textbf{Key Findings:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item First main result and its significance
\item Second main result and its implications
\item Supporting evidence strengthens conclusions
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Relation to Prior Work:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Consistent with \cite{reference1}
\item Extends beyond \cite{reference2}
\item Resolves controversy from \cite{reference3}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Implications and Impact}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Scientific Impact:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Advances understanding of X
\item Provides new framework for Y
\item Opens avenue for Z research
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Practical Applications:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Clinical relevance
\item Policy implications
\item Technological applications
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{block}{Limitations}
\begin{itemize}
\item Acknowledge key limitation 1
\item Note limitation 2 and how future work addresses it
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CONCLUSION
%==============================================
\section{Conclusion}
\begin{frame}{Conclusions}
\begin{block}{Key Takeaways}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{First main finding:} Brief statement
\item \textbf{Second main finding:} Brief statement
\item \textbf{Broader impact:} Significance for field
\end{enumerate}
\end{block}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Future Directions:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Extend to population/context Y
\item Investigate mechanism Z
\item Collaborate with domain X
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[plain]
\begin{center}
{\Large \textbf{Thank You}}
\vspace{1cm}
{\large Questions?}
\vspace{1cm}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Contact:}\\
Author Name\\
\texttt{email@university.edu}\\
\url{https://yourwebsite.edu}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
% Optional: QR code to paper or website
% \includegraphics[width=3cm]{qrcode.png}\\
% {\small Scan for paper/code}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
{\footnotesize
Funding: Grant Agency Award \#12345\\
Collaborators: Colleague 1, Colleague 2
}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% BACKUP SLIDES
%==============================================
\appendix
\begin{frame}{Backup: Additional Data}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{supplementary_figure.pdf}
\framebox[0.6\textwidth][c]{[Supplementary Analysis]}
\caption{Additional analysis for questions}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Backup: Methodological Details}
\textbf{Detailed Procedure:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Step-by-step protocol details
\item Equipment specifications
\item Parameter settings
\item Quality control measures
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Alternative Analyses:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Sensitivity analysis results
\item Different statistical approaches
\item Subgroup analyses
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% REFERENCES
%==============================================
\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{References}
\printbibliography
\end{frame}
\end{document}

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\documentclass[aspectratio=169,12pt]{beamer}
% Encoding
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
% Theme - professional and formal for defense
\usetheme{Boadilla}
\usecolortheme{whale}
% Remove navigation symbols
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
% Page numbers with total
\setbeamertemplate{footline}{
\leavevmode%
\hbox{%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.333333\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{author in head/foot}%
\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor
\end{beamercolorbox}%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.333333\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{title in head/foot}%
\usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}\insertshorttitle
\end{beamercolorbox}%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.333333\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,right]{date in head/foot}%
\usebeamerfont{date in head/foot}\insertshortdate{}\hspace*{2em}
\insertframenumber{} / \inserttotalframenumber\hspace*{2ex}
\end{beamercolorbox}}%
\vskip0pt%
}
% Section pages
\AtBeginSection[]{
\begin{frame}
\vfill
\centering
\begin{beamercolorbox}[sep=8pt,center,shadow=true,rounded=true]{title}
\usebeamerfont{title}\insertsectionhead\par%
\end{beamercolorbox}
\vfill
\end{frame}
}
% Graphics
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{{./figures/}}
% Math
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsthm}
% Tables
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{multirow}
% Citations
\usepackage[style=authoryear,maxcitenames=2,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{references.bib}
\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\scriptsize}
% Custom colors - conservative for formal defense
\definecolor{universityblue}{RGB}{0,60,113}
\definecolor{accentgold}{RGB}{179,136,12}
\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=universityblue}
\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=universityblue}
\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=universityblue}
\setbeamercolor{block title}{fg=white,bg=universityblue}
% Title page information
\title[Dissertation Defense]{Title of Your Dissertation:\\Comprehensive and Descriptive}
\subtitle{Dissertation Defense}
\author[Your Name]{Your Name, M.S.\\
\vspace{0.3cm}
Doctoral Candidate\\
Department of Your Field}
\institute[University]{
University Name\\
\vspace{0.3cm}
\textbf{Dissertation Committee:}\\
Prof. Advisor Name (Chair)\\
Prof. Committee Member 2\\
Prof. Committee Member 3\\
Prof. Committee Member 4\\
Prof. External Member
}
\date{\today}
% University logo
% \logo{\includegraphics[height=0.8cm]{university_logo.png}}
\begin{document}
% Title slide
\begin{frame}[plain]
\titlepage
\end{frame}
% Committee and acknowledgments
\begin{frame}{Dissertation Committee}
\begin{center}
\textbf{Committee Chair:}\\
Prof. Advisor Name, PhD\\
Department of Your Field
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Committee Members:}\\
Prof. Member 2, PhD -- Department of Related Field\\
Prof. Member 3, PhD -- Department of Your Field\\
Prof. Member 4, PhD -- Department of Statistics\\
Prof. External Member, PhD -- External Institution
\vspace{0.8cm}
\textit{Thank you to my committee for your guidance, support, and invaluable feedback throughout this dissertation research.}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
% Overview
\begin{frame}{Dissertation Overview}
\begin{exampleblock}{Central Thesis}
Brief statement of the overarching thesis or argument that ties together all dissertation studies.
\end{exampleblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Dissertation Structure:}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Chapter 1:} Introduction and theoretical framework
\item \textbf{Chapter 2:} Study 1 -- [Brief description]
\item \textbf{Chapter 3:} Study 2 -- [Brief description]
\item \textbf{Chapter 4:} Study 3 -- [Brief description]
\item \textbf{Chapter 5:} General discussion and conclusions
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Outline}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
%==============================================
\section{Chapter 1: Introduction and Background}
\begin{frame}{The Problem}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Real-World Significance:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Prevalence: X affects Y million people
\item Impact: Costs \$Z billion annually
\item Need: Current solutions inadequate
\item Opportunity: New approach needed
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{problem_figure.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Problem Illustration]}
\caption{Visualization of the problem}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{alertblock}{Central Question}
How can we understand and address this critical challenge using novel theoretical framework X?
\end{alertblock}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Theoretical Framework}
\begin{frame}{Theoretical Background}
\textbf{Historical Development:}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Early theories (1950s-1980s):} Established foundational concepts \cite{foundational1975}
\item \textbf{Modern frameworks (1990s-2000s):} Refined understanding \cite{refinement2000}
\item \textbf{Recent advances (2010s-present):} Novel approaches emerge \cite{recent2018}
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Key Theoretical Constructs:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Construct A:} Describes mechanism X
\item \textbf{Construct B:} Explains process Y
\item \textbf{Construct C:} Predicts outcome Z
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{block}{Theoretical Gap}
Existing theories fail to account for interaction between A and B under conditions C
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Literature Review: What We Know}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Established Findings:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Finding 1: Well-replicated
\item Finding 2: Meta-analytically supported
\item Finding 3: Cross-culturally validated
\item Finding 4: Mechanism partially understood
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\textbf{Methodological Advances:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Technique A: Improved measurement
\item Technique B: Better controls
\item Technique C: Novel analysis
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Remaining Questions:}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\alert{?}] How does A interact with B?
\item[\alert{?}] What role does C play?
\item[\alert{?}] Does effect generalize to D?
\item[\alert{?}] What are boundary conditions?
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\begin{exampleblock}{Dissertation Focus}
This dissertation addresses these gaps through three complementary studies
\end{exampleblock}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Dissertation Aims}
\begin{frame}{Overarching Goals and Specific Aims}
\begin{block}{Overall Dissertation Goal}
To develop and test a comprehensive framework for understanding how X influences Y through mechanisms A, B, and C across contexts.
\end{block}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Specific Aims:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Study 1:} Establish relationship between X and Y
\begin{itemize}
\item Method: Cross-sectional survey (n = 500)
\item Goal: Characterize X→Y relationship
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Study 2:} Identify mediating mechanisms A and B
\begin{itemize}
\item Method: Longitudinal study (n = 250, 3 waves)
\item Goal: Test mediation and temporal precedence
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Study 3:} Test causal model and generalizability
\begin{itemize}
\item Method: Experimental manipulation (n = 180)
\item Goal: Establish causality and boundary conditions
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CHAPTER 2: STUDY 1
%==============================================
\section{Chapter 2: Study 1}
\begin{frame}{Study 1: Overview}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Research Question:}\\
Does X predict Y, and is this relationship moderated by individual difference Z?
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Hypotheses:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item H1: X positively predicts Y
\item H2: Z moderates X→Y
\item H3: Effect varies by demographic factors
\end{enumerate}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Design:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Cross-sectional survey
\item N = 500 participants
\item Online recruitment
\item Power: .95 for medium effects
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\textbf{Measures:}
\begin{itemize}
\item X: Validated scale (α = .89)
\item Y: Performance measure
\item Z: Individual difference
\item Controls: Demographics
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Study 1: Methods}
\textbf{Participants:}
\begin{itemize}
\item N = 500 (62\% female; Age: $M = 34.2$, $SD = 11.5$)
\item Recruited via university participant pool and online platforms
\item Inclusion: Ages 18-65, fluent in English
\item Exclusion: Prior participation in related studies
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Procedure:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Informed consent and demographics
\item Battery of questionnaires (45 minutes)
\item Debriefing and compensation
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Analysis:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Hierarchical regression for H1 and H2
\item Moderation analysis using PROCESS macro
\item Subgroup analyses for H3
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Study 1: Results}
\begin{columns}[c]
\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{study1_main_result.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Study 1: Main Result]}
\caption{X predicts Y ($\beta = 0.47$, $p < .001$, $R^2 = .22$)}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}
\textbf{Key Findings:}
\begin{itemize}
\item H1 supported: Strong X→Y relationship
\item H2 supported: Z moderates effect
\item H3 partially supported: Age effects found
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{block}{Conclusion}
Study 1 establishes foundational X→Y relationship
\end{block}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CHAPTER 3: STUDY 2
%==============================================
\section{Chapter 3: Study 2}
\begin{frame}{Study 2: Overview}
\begin{exampleblock}{Research Question}
What mechanisms (A and B) mediate the X→Y relationship, and what is the temporal ordering?
\end{exampleblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Rationale:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Study 1 showed X→Y relationship exists
\item Need to identify mediating processes
\item Longitudinal design establishes temporal precedence
\item Tests proposed theoretical model
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Design:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Three-wave longitudinal study
\item N = 250, assessments 6 months apart
\item Measures: X (T1), A and B (T2), Y (T3)
\item Analysis: Cross-lagged panel model, mediation
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Study 2: Methods}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Sample:}
\begin{itemize}
\item N = 250 at baseline
\item Retention: 88\% at T2, 82\% at T3
\item Age: $M = 36.4$, $SD = 12.1$
\item 58\% female, diverse sample
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Timeline:}
\begin{itemize}
\item T1 (baseline): X measured
\item T2 (+6 months): A, B measured
\item T3 (+12 months): Y measured
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{study2_design.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Longitudinal Design]}
\caption{Three-wave design with proposed mediation model}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Analysis:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Structural equation modeling for mediation
\item Cross-lagged panel model for temporal precedence
\item Missing data handled via FIML
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Study 2: Results}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{study2_mediation.pdf}
\framebox[0.75\textwidth][c]{[Mediation Model with Path Coefficients]}
\caption{Serial mediation: X → A → B → Y}
\end{figure}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Path Coefficients:}
\begin{itemize}
\item X → A: $\beta = 0.42$, $p < .001$
\item A → B: $\beta = 0.35$, $p < .001$
\item B → Y: $\beta = 0.38$, $p < .001$
\item X → Y (direct): $\beta = 0.18$, $p = .032$
\item Indirect effect: $\beta = 0.29$, 95\% CI [0.19, 0.41]
\end{itemize}
\alert{61\% of total effect mediated by A→B pathway}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CHAPTER 4: STUDY 3
%==============================================
\section{Chapter 4: Study 3}
\begin{frame}{Study 3: Overview}
\begin{alertblock}{Research Question}
Can we establish causality by experimentally manipulating X, and does the effect generalize across contexts?
\end{alertblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Motivation:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Studies 1-2 showed correlational evidence
\item Need experimental test for causality
\item Test generalizability to applied context
\item Examine boundary conditions
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Design:}
\begin{itemize}
\item 2 (X: low vs. high) × 2 (Context: lab vs. field) factorial
\item N = 180 (45 per condition)
\item Random assignment to conditions
\item Outcome: Y measured post-manipulation
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Study 3: Methods}
\textbf{Experimental Manipulation:}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Low X condition:} Control procedure
\item \textbf{High X condition:} Experimental manipulation designed to increase X
\item Manipulation check: Successful ($t(178) = 8.92$, $p < .001$, $d = 1.34$)
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Contexts:}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Lab context:} Controlled laboratory setting (original)
\item \textbf{Field context:} Applied real-world setting (generalization test)
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Measures:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Primary outcome Y (same as Studies 1-2)
\item Mediators A and B
\item Moderator Z
\item Potential confounds
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Study 3: Results}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{study3_results.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Experimental Results]}
\caption{Main effect of X on Y}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{ANOVA Results:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Main effect of X: $F(1,176) = 45.2$, $p < .001$, $\eta^2_p = .20$
\item Main effect of Context: $F(1,176) = 2.1$, $p = .15$
\item X × Context: $F(1,176) = 0.8$, $p = .38$
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{block}{Key Finding}
Causal effect of X on Y confirmed; generalizes across contexts
\end{block}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Mediation:} Experimental mediation analysis confirmed A and B as mechanisms
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CHAPTER 5: GENERAL DISCUSSION
%==============================================
\section{Chapter 5: General Discussion}
\begin{frame}{Synthesis Across Studies}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Summary of findings across three studies}
\small
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\toprule
\textbf{Finding} & \textbf{Study 1} & \textbf{Study 2} & \textbf{Study 3} \\
\midrule
X → Y relationship & Yes & Yes & Yes (causal) \\
Mediation by A & --- & Yes & Yes \\
Mediation by B & --- & Yes & Yes \\
Moderation by Z & Yes & Yes & Yes \\
Generalization & --- & --- & Yes \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Convergent Evidence:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Robust X→Y relationship across designs and samples
\item Consistent mediation by A→B pathway
\item Moderation by Z replicated
\item Effects generalize from lab to field
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Theoretical Contributions}
\begin{exampleblock}{Novel Theoretical Framework}
This dissertation proposes and validates the XYZ Model, which integrates constructs A, B, and C to explain how X influences Y.
\end{exampleblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Specific Contributions:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Integration:} Bridges previously separate literatures on A and B
\item \textbf{Mechanism:} Identifies A→B as key mediating pathway
\item \textbf{Boundary conditions:} Specifies role of moderator Z
\item \textbf{Generalizability:} Shows effects across contexts
\item \textbf{Causality:} Establishes X as causal factor
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Advances Beyond Prior Work:}
\begin{itemize}
\item More comprehensive than Theory 1 \cite{theory1}
\item Resolves contradictions between Studies A and B
\item Provides testable predictions for future research
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Practical Implications}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Clinical Applications:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Assessment: Screen for X
\item Intervention target: Increase A and B
\item Tailoring: Consider moderator Z
\item Outcome: Expect improvement in Y
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Implementation:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Feasibility demonstrated in field study
\item Scalable to larger populations
\item Cost-effective approach
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Policy Recommendations:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Support programs targeting X
\item Fund interventions enhancing A
\item Consider individual differences Z
\item Monitor outcomes Y
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{alertblock}{Impact}
Findings suggest potential to improve outcomes for population experiencing low X
\end{alertblock}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Limitations and Future Directions}
\textbf{Study Limitations:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Sample:} Primarily university-educated, young adults
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Community samples, diverse populations
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Measures:} Some reliance on self-report
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Multi-method assessment (behavioral, biological)
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Time frame:} Longest follow-up was 12 months
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Longer-term longitudinal studies
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Mechanisms:} Other pathways may exist
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Explore alternative mediators
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Future Research Program}
\begin{block}{Immediate Next Steps}
\begin{itemize}
\item Replicate in clinical populations
\item Develop intervention based on findings
\item Test with diverse samples
\item Examine individual differences in response
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Long-Term Research Agenda:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Mechanism refinement:} Neural/biological underpinnings
\item \textbf{Intervention development:} RCT of theory-driven treatment
\item \textbf{Moderator exploration:} Genetic, environmental factors
\item \textbf{Translation:} Dissemination and implementation science
\item \textbf{Extension:} Apply framework to related phenomena
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Collaboration Opportunities:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Clinical partners for intervention trials
\item Neuroscientists for mechanism studies
\item Community organizations for implementation
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CONCLUSIONS
%==============================================
\section{Conclusions}
\begin{frame}{Dissertation Conclusions}
\begin{exampleblock}{Central Thesis (Revisited)}
Through three complementary studies, this dissertation demonstrates that X influences Y through mechanisms A and B, moderated by Z, with effects generalizing across contexts.
\end{exampleblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Key Achievements:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Established robust X→Y relationship across designs
\item Identified and validated A→B mediating pathway
\item Demonstrated causality via experimental manipulation
\item Showed generalizability from lab to field
\item Proposed novel XYZ theoretical framework
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Significance:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Theoretical advancement in understanding X→Y processes
\item Methodological contribution through multi-study design
\item Practical applications for intervention and policy
\item Foundation for sustained research program
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Final Thoughts}
\begin{block}{Take-Home Message}
This dissertation provides compelling converging evidence that X causes Y through mechanisms A and B, offering both theoretical understanding and practical pathways for intervention.
\end{block}
\vspace{1cm}
\textbf{Broader Impact:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Advances scientific understanding of fundamental process
\item Provides evidence-based framework for practitioners
\item Opens new avenues for future research
\item Demonstrates potential to improve outcomes for affected populations
\end{itemize}
\vspace{1cm}
\begin{center}
\textit{"The best way to predict the future is to create it."} \\
-- Peter Drucker
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[plain]
\begin{center}
{\LARGE \textbf{Thank You}}
\vspace{1cm}
{\Large Questions from the Committee}
\vspace{1.5cm}
\textbf{Your Name, M.S.}\\
Doctoral Candidate\\
Department of Your Field\\
University Name\\
\texttt{yourname@university.edu}
\vspace{1cm}
{\footnotesize
\textbf{Funding Acknowledgment:}\\
This research was supported by [Grant Agency] Grant \#[Number],\\
[Fellowship Name], and [University] Dissertation Fellowship
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Special Thanks:}\\
My advisor Prof. [Name], committee members, lab colleagues,\\
study participants, and my family for their unwavering support
}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% BACKUP SLIDES
%==============================================
\appendix
\begin{frame}{Backup: Study 1 Full Results}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Complete regression results for Study 1}
\footnotesize
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\toprule
\textbf{Predictor} & $\boldsymbol{\beta}$ & \textbf{SE} & \textbf{$t$} & \textbf{$p$} \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\textit{Step 1: Demographics}} \\
Age & 0.12 & 0.04 & 3.00 & .003 \\
Gender & 0.08 & 0.05 & 1.60 & .110 \\
Education & 0.15 & 0.04 & 3.75 & < .001 \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\textit{Step 2: Main Effect}} \\
X & 0.47 & 0.04 & 11.75 & < .001 \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\textit{Step 3: Moderation}} \\
Z & 0.18 & 0.04 & 4.50 & < .001 \\
X × Z & 0.12 & 0.04 & 3.00 & .003 \\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Final model: $R^2 = .28$, $F(6,493) = 32.1$, $p < .001$} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Backup: Study 2 Model Fit}
\textbf{Structural Equation Model Fit Indices:}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
\toprule
\textbf{Index} & \textbf{Value} & \textbf{Criterion} \\
\midrule
$\chi^2$/df & 2.34 & < 3.0 \\
CFI & 0.96 & > 0.95 \\
TLI & 0.95 & > 0.95 \\
RMSEA & 0.045 & < 0.06 \\
SRMR & 0.038 & < 0.08 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Conclusion:} Excellent model fit, proposed model fits data well
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Alternative Models Tested:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Direct-only model: $\Delta\chi^2(2) = 45.6$, $p < .001$ (worse fit)
\item Reverse mediation: $\Delta\chi^2(2) = 38.2$, $p < .001$ (worse fit)
\item Proposed model provides best fit
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Backup: Study 3 Additional Analyses}
\textbf{Subgroup Effects:}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{study3_subgroups.pdf}
\framebox[0.65\textwidth][c]{[Subgroup Analysis Results]}
\caption{Effect of X on Y by moderator Z levels}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item High Z: $d = 0.95$, $p < .001$
\item Medium Z: $d = 0.72$, $p < .001$
\item Low Z: $d = 0.45$, $p = .008$
\item Moderation: $F(2,174) = 6.8$, $p = .001$
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% REFERENCES
%==============================================
\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{References}
\printbibliography
\end{frame}
\end{document}

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% Title information
\title[Short Title for Footer]{Full Title of Your Research:\\Comprehensive and Descriptive}
\subtitle{Research Seminar Presentation}
\author[Your Name]{Your Name, PhD Candidate\\
Advisor: Prof. Advisor Name}
\institute[University]{
Department of Your Field\\
University Name\\
\vspace{0.2cm}
\texttt{yourname@university.edu}
}
\date{\today}
% Logo (optional)
% \logo{\includegraphics[height=0.8cm]{university_logo.png}}
\begin{document}
% Title slide
\begin{frame}[plain]
\titlepage
\end{frame}
% Outline
\begin{frame}{Outline}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% INTRODUCTION
%==============================================
\section{Introduction}
\begin{frame}{Motivation}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{The Big Picture:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Why this research area matters
\item Real-world impact and applications
\item Current challenges in the field
\item Opportunity for advancement
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{motivation_figure.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Motivating Figure]}
\caption{Illustration of the problem or impact}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{block}{Central Question}
How can we address this important challenge using novel approach X?
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Background}
\begin{frame}{Prior Work: Overview}
\textbf{Historical Development:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Early work established foundation \cite{seminal1990}
\item Key advances in 2000s \cite{advance2005,advance2007}
\item Recent developments \cite{recent2020,recent2022}
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Current State of Knowledge:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item We know that X affects Y
\item Evidence suggests mechanism involves Z
\item However, questions remain about W
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Knowledge Gap}
\begin{columns}[c]
\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
\textbf{What We Know:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Point 1: Established finding
\item Point 2: Replicated result
\item Point 3: General consensus
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{What Remains Unknown:}
\begin{itemize}
\item \alert{Gap 1:} Critical unknown
\item \alert{Gap 2:} Methodological limitation
\item \alert{Gap 3:} Unexplored context
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{alertblock}{The Problem}
Existing approaches fail to account for X, limiting our understanding of Y and preventing application to Z.
\end{alertblock}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Research Questions}
\begin{frame}{Research Objectives}
\begin{exampleblock}{Overall Goal}
To investigate how X influences Y under conditions Z, and develop a framework for understanding mechanism W.
\end{exampleblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Specific Aims:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Aim 1:} Characterize relationship between X and Y
\begin{itemize}
\item Hypothesis: X positively correlates with Y
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Aim 2:} Identify mechanism W mediating X→Y
\begin{itemize}
\item Hypothesis: W explains the X-Y relationship
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Aim 3:} Test generalizability to context Z
\begin{itemize}
\item Hypothesis: Effect persists across conditions
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% METHODS
%==============================================
\section{Methods}
\subsection{Study Design}
\begin{frame}{Overall Approach}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{study_design.pdf}
\framebox[0.8\textwidth][c]{[Study Design Schematic]}
\caption{Three-phase experimental design}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Phase 1:} Observational study (n = 150)
\item \textbf{Phase 2:} Controlled experiment (n = 80)
\item \textbf{Phase 3:} Validation in new context (n = 120)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Participants and Materials}
\begin{frame}{Sample Characteristics}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Inclusion Criteria:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Age 18-65 years
\item Criterion 2
\item Criterion 3
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\textbf{Exclusion Criteria:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Confound 1
\item Confound 2
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Sample demographics}
\small
\begin{tabular}{lc}
\toprule
\textbf{Variable} & \textbf{Value} \\
\midrule
N & 150 \\
Age (years) & 32.5 $\pm$ 8.2 \\
Female (\%) & 58 \\
Education (years) & 15.2 $\pm$ 2.1 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\footnotesize Recruitment: University community and online platforms
\end{frame}
\subsection{Procedures}
\begin{frame}{Experimental Procedure}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Session 1 (60 min):}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Informed consent
\item Baseline measures
\item Training phase (20 min)
\item Test phase (30 min)
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Session 2 (45 min):}
\begin{enumerate}
\setcounter{enumi}{4}
\item Follow-up measures
\item Manipulation (15 min)
\item Final assessment (25 min)
\end{enumerate}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{procedure_timeline.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Timeline Diagram]}
\caption{Experimental timeline}
\end{figure}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{alertblock}{Key Innovation}
Novel manipulation technique combining approach A with method B
\end{alertblock}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Analysis}
\begin{frame}{Statistical Analysis Plan}
\textbf{Primary Analyses:}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Aim 1:} Linear regression: $Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X + \epsilon$
\item \textbf{Aim 2:} Mediation analysis using bootstrapping (5000 iterations)
\item \textbf{Aim 3:} Mixed-effects model accounting for context effects
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Secondary Analyses:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Sensitivity analyses with different covariates
\item Subgroup analyses by demographic factors
\item Exploratory analyses of individual differences
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{block}{Software}
R 4.2.1 (lme4, lavaan packages); Python 3.10 (scikit-learn); SPSS 28
\end{block}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% RESULTS
%==============================================
\section{Results}
\subsection{Preliminary Analyses}
\begin{frame}{Data Quality and Assumptions}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Data Screening:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Missing data: < 5\% per variable
\item Outliers: 3 cases removed
\item Assumptions: All met
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\textbf{Descriptive Statistics:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Variable X: $M = 45.2$, $SD = 8.1$
\item Variable Y: $M = 67.8$, $SD = 12.3$
\item Correlation: $r = 0.54$, $p < .001$
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{descriptives.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Descriptive Plots]}
\caption{Variable distributions}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Aim 1 Results}
\begin{frame}{Aim 1: X Predicts Y}
\begin{columns}[c]
\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{aim1_result.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Regression Plot]}
\caption{Relationship between X and Y ($R^2 = 0.29$, $p < .001$)}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Regression results}
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\toprule
\textbf{Predictor} & $\boldsymbol{\beta}$ & \textbf{SE} & \textbf{$p$} \\
\midrule
Intercept & 12.45 & 3.21 & < .001 \\
X & 0.54 & 0.08 & < .001 \\
Age & 0.12 & 0.05 & .018 \\
Gender & 2.34 & 1.12 & .038 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\begin{block}{Key Finding}
X significantly predicts Y, controlling for demographics
\end{block}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Aim 2 Results}
\begin{frame}{Aim 2: Mediation by W}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{mediation_model.pdf}
\framebox[0.7\textwidth][c]{[Mediation Diagram]}
\caption{Mediation analysis showing W mediates X→Y relationship}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Direct effect:} $c' = 0.31$, $p = .021$ (reduced from $c = 0.54$)
\item \textbf{Indirect effect:} $ab = 0.23$, 95\% CI [0.14, 0.35]
\item \textbf{Proportion mediated:} 43\% of total effect
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\alert{W partially mediates the relationship between X and Y}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Aim 3 Results}
\begin{frame}{Aim 3: Generalization to Context Z}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{aim3_context1.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Context 1]}
\caption{Original context}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{aim3_context2.pdf}
\framebox[0.9\textwidth][c]{[Context 2]}
\caption{New context Z}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Mixed-Effects Model Results:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Main effect of X: $\beta = 0.51$, $p < .001$
\item Context × X interaction: $\beta = -0.08$, $p = .231$ (ns)
\item \alert{Effect generalizes across contexts}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Additional Analyses}
\begin{frame}{Sensitivity and Robustness Checks}
\textbf{Alternative Specifications:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Result robust to different model specifications
\item Consistent across multiple imputation methods
\item Findings hold with/without covariates
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Subgroup Analyses:}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Effect sizes by subgroup}
\small
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\toprule
\textbf{Subgroup} & \textbf{$n$} & $\boldsymbol{\beta}$ & \textbf{$p$} \\
\midrule
Young (< 30) & 67 & 0.58 & < .001 \\
Older ($\geq$ 30) & 83 & 0.49 & < .001 \\
Male & 63 & 0.52 & < .001 \\
Female & 87 & 0.55 & < .001 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Effect consistent across demographic groups
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% DISCUSSION
%==============================================
\section{Discussion}
\subsection{Summary of Findings}
\begin{frame}{Key Results Recap}
\begin{exampleblock}{Main Findings}
\begin{enumerate}
\item X significantly predicts Y ($\beta = 0.54$, $p < .001$), explaining 29\% of variance
\item W mediates 43\% of the X→Y relationship
\item Effect generalizes to new context Z
\item Results robust across subgroups and specifications
\end{enumerate}
\end{exampleblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{These findings:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Support our hypotheses
\item Provide evidence for mechanism W
\item Extend previous work to new domains
\item Have implications for theory and practice
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Interpretation}
\begin{frame}{Relation to Previous Research}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Consistent With:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Prior findings on X→Y \cite{jones2020}
\item Theoretical predictions \cite{smith2019}
\item Meta-analytic trends \cite{meta2021}
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Extensions Beyond:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Identifies mechanism W (new)
\item Tests in context Z (novel)
\item Larger sample than prior work
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Resolves Contradictions:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Explains why Study A found X
\item Reconciles Studies B and C
\item Clarifies conditions for effect
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{alertblock}{Novel Contribution}
First study to demonstrate W as mediator and show generalization to Z
\end{alertblock}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Mechanisms and Explanations}
\textbf{Why does X affect Y through W?}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\begin{enumerate}
\item<1-> \textbf{Hypothesis 1:} X activates process W
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> Evidence: Temporal precedence in data
\item<1-> Consistent with neurobiological models
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\item<2-> \textbf{Hypothesis 2:} W is necessary for Y
\begin{itemize}
\item<2-> Evidence: Mediation analysis results
\item<2-> Supported by experimental manipulations
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\item<3-> \textbf{Integrated Model:} X → W → Y pathway
\begin{itemize}
\item<3-> Explains 43\% of total effect
\item<3-> Other pathways remain to be identified
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Implications}
\begin{frame}{Theoretical Implications}
\textbf{Advances to Theory:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Refines existing framework by identifying W
\item Suggests revision of Model XYZ
\item Provides testable predictions for future work
\item Integrates previously separate literatures
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Broader Scientific Impact:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Methodology can be applied to related domains
\item Framework generalizable to other contexts
\item Opens new research directions
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Practical Applications}
\begin{columns}[T]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Clinical/Applied:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Intervention target: W
\item Assessment tool: Measure X
\item Treatment planning: Consider Z
\item Expected benefit: Improvement in Y
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Policy Implications:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Recommendation 1
\item Recommendation 2
\item Implementation considerations
\item Cost-benefit analysis
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{exampleblock}{Translational Path}
Findings suggest feasibility of intervention targeting W to improve Y in population experiencing X
\end{exampleblock}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Limitations and Future Directions}
\begin{frame}{Limitations}
\textbf{Study Limitations:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Cross-sectional design}: Cannot establish causality definitively
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Longitudinal or experimental design
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Sample characteristics}: University students, may limit generalizability
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Community sample, diverse populations
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Measurement}: Self-report bias possible for some variables
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Incorporate objective measures
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Unmeasured confounds}: Other factors could explain relationships
\begin{itemize}
\item Future: Control for additional variables
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Future Research Directions}
\begin{block}{Immediate Next Steps}
\begin{itemize}
\item Replicate in independent sample
\item Test causal model experimentally
\item Examine boundary conditions
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Longer-Term Goals:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Develop intervention based on findings
\item Investigate neural mechanisms
\item Explore individual differences
\item Translate to applied settings
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Collaborations Sought:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Experts in domain A for validation
\item Clinical partners for translation
\item Methodologists for advanced analyses
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% CONCLUSION
%==============================================
\section{Conclusion}
\begin{frame}{Conclusions}
\begin{exampleblock}{Key Contributions}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Demonstrated robust X→Y relationship
\item Identified W as mediating mechanism
\item Showed generalizability across contexts
\item Provided framework for future research
\end{enumerate}
\end{exampleblock}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{block}{Take-Home Message}
Our findings reveal that X influences Y through mechanism W, providing new understanding of this important process and suggesting potential intervention targets.
\end{block}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Impact:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Theoretical advancement in understanding X→Y
\item Practical implications for interventions
\item Foundation for future research program
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[plain]
\begin{center}
{\LARGE \textbf{Thank You}}
\vspace{1cm}
{\Large Questions \& Discussion}
\vspace{1.5cm}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
\textbf{Contact Information:}\\
Your Name\\
Department of Your Field\\
University Name\\
\texttt{yourname@university.edu}\\
\url{https://yourlab.university.edu}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}
% QR code to lab website or paper
% \includegraphics[width=4cm]{qrcode_website.png}\\
% {\small Scan for more info}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\vspace{1cm}
{\footnotesize
\textbf{Acknowledgments:}\\
Funding: NSF Grant \#12345, NIH Grant R01-67890\\
Lab Members: Person A, Person B, Person C\\
Collaborators: Prof. X (University Y), Dr. Z (Institution W)
}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% BACKUP SLIDES
%==============================================
\appendix
\begin{frame}{Backup: Full Regression Table}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Complete regression results with all covariates}
\footnotesize
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\toprule
\textbf{Predictor} & $\boldsymbol{\beta}$ & \textbf{SE} & \textbf{$t$} & \textbf{$p$} \\
\midrule
Intercept & 12.45 & 3.21 & 3.88 & < .001 \\
X (primary predictor) & 0.54 & 0.08 & 6.75 & < .001 \\
Age & 0.12 & 0.05 & 2.40 & .018 \\
Gender (female) & 2.34 & 1.12 & 2.09 & .038 \\
Education & 0.45 & 0.31 & 1.45 & .149 \\
Covariate Z & -0.18 & 0.09 & -2.00 & .047 \\
\midrule
$R^2$ & \multicolumn{4}{c}{0.35} \\
Adjusted $R^2$ & \multicolumn{4}{c}{0.32} \\
$F$(5,144) & \multicolumn{4}{c}{15.48, $p < .001$} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Backup: Alternative Analysis}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{sensitivity_analysis.pdf}
\framebox[0.7\textwidth][c]{[Sensitivity Analysis Results]}
\caption{Results robust across different model specifications}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Backup: Detailed Methods}
\textbf{Measurement Details:}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Variable X:} Scale name (Author, Year)
\begin{itemize}
\item 12 items, 5-point Likert scale
\item Cronbach's $\alpha = 0.89$
\item Example item: "Statement here"
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Variable Y:} Assessment tool
\begin{itemize}
\item Performance-based measure
\item Inter-rater reliability: ICC = 0.92
\item Range: 0-100
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Mediator W:} Experimental manipulation check
\begin{itemize}
\item Manipulation successful: $t(149) = 8.45$, $p < .001$
\item Effect size: $d = 1.38$
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%==============================================
% REFERENCES
%==============================================
\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{References}
\printbibliography
\end{frame}
\end{document}

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# PowerPoint Design Guide for Scientific Presentations
## Overview
This guide provides comprehensive instructions for creating professional scientific presentations using PowerPoint, with emphasis on integration with the pptx skill for programmatic creation and best practices for scientific content.
**CRITICAL**: Avoid dry, text-heavy presentations. Scientific slides should be:
- **Visually engaging**: High-quality images, figures, diagrams on EVERY slide
- **Research-backed**: Citations from research-lookup for credibility (8-15 papers minimum)
- **Modern design**: Contemporary color palettes, not default themes
- **Minimal text**: 3-4 bullets with 4-6 words each, visuals do the talking
- **Professional polish**: Consistent but varied layouts, generous white space
**Anti-Pattern Warning**: All-bullet-point slides with black text on white background = instant boredom and forgotten science.
## Using the PPTX Skill
### Reference
For complete technical documentation on PowerPoint creation, refer to:
- **Main documentation**: `document-skills/pptx/SKILL.md`
- **HTML to PowerPoint workflow**: Detailed in `pptx/html2pptx.md`
- **OOXML editing**: For advanced editing in `pptx/ooxml.md`
### Two Approaches to PowerPoint Creation
#### 1. Programmatic Creation (html2pptx)
**Best for**: Creating presentations from scratch with custom designs and data visualizations.
**Workflow**:
1. Read `document-skills/pptx/SKILL.md` completely
2. Design slides in HTML with proper dimensions (720pt × 405pt for 16:9)
3. Create JavaScript file using `html2pptx()` function
4. Add charts and tables using PptxGenJS API
5. Generate thumbnails and validate visually
6. Iterate based on visual inspection
**Example Structure**:
```javascript
const pptx = new PptxGenJS();
// Add title slide
const slide1 = pptx.addSlide();
slide1.addText("Your Title", {
x: 1, y: 2, w: 8, h: 1,
fontSize: 44, bold: true, align: "center"
});
// Add content slide with figure
const slide2 = pptx.addSlide();
slide2.addText("Results", { x: 0.5, y: 0.5, fontSize: 32 });
slide2.addImage({ path: "figure.png", x: 1, y: 1.5, w: 8, h: 4 });
pptx.writeFile({ fileName: "presentation.pptx" });
```
#### 2. Template-Based Creation
**Best for**: Using existing PowerPoint templates or editing existing presentations.
**Workflow**:
1. Start with template.pptx
2. Use `scripts/rearrange.py` to duplicate/reorder slides
3. Use `scripts/inventory.py` to extract text
4. Generate replacement text JSON
5. Use `scripts/replace.py` to update content
6. Validate with thumbnail grids
**Key Scripts**:
- `rearrange.py`: Duplicate and reorder slides
- `inventory.py`: Extract all text shapes
- `replace.py`: Apply text replacements
- `thumbnail.py`: Visual validation
## Design Principles for Scientific Presentations
### 1. Layout and Structure
**Slide Master Setup**:
- Create consistent master slides
- Define 4-5 layout types (title, content, figure, two-column, closing)
- Set default fonts, colors, and spacing
- Include placeholders for logos and footers
**Standard Layouts**:
**Title Slide**:
```
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ Presentation Title │
│ Your Name │
│ Institution │
│ Date / Conference │
│ │
└─────────────────────────┘
```
**Content Slide**:
```
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Slide Title │
├─────────────────────────┤
│ • Bullet point 1 │
│ • Bullet point 2 │
│ • Bullet point 3 │
│ │
│ [Optional figure] │
└─────────────────────────┘
```
**Two-Column Slide**:
```
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Slide Title │
├───────────┬─────────────┤
│ │ │
│ Text │ Figure │
│ Content │ or │
│ │ Data │
└───────────┴─────────────┘
```
**Full-Figure Slide**:
```
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Figure Title (small) │
├─────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ Large Figure or │
│ Visualization │
│ │
└─────────────────────────┘
```
### 2. Typography
**Font Selection**:
- **Primary**: Sans-serif (Arial, Calibri, Helvetica)
- **Alternative**: Verdana, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS
- **Avoid**: Serif fonts (harder to read on screens), decorative fonts
**Font Sizes**:
- Title slide title: 44-54pt
- Slide titles: 32-40pt
- Body text: 24-28pt (minimum 18pt)
- Captions: 16-20pt
- Footer: 10-12pt
**Text Formatting**:
- **Bold**: For emphasis (use sparingly)
- **Color**: For highlighting (consistent meaning)
- **Size**: For hierarchy
- **Alignment**: Left for body, center for titles
**The 6×6 Rule**:
- Maximum 6 bullet points per slide
- Maximum 6 words per bullet
- Better: 3-4 bullets with 4-8 words each
### 3. Color Schemes
**Selecting Colors**:
Consider your subject matter and audience:
- **Academic/Professional**: Navy blue, gray, white with minimal accent
- **Biomedical**: Blue and green tones (avoid red-green combinations)
- **Technology**: Modern colors (teal, orange, purple)
- **Clinical**: Conservative (blue, gray, subdued greens)
**Example Palettes**:
**Classic Scientific**:
- Background: White (#FFFFFF)
- Title: Navy (#1C3D5A)
- Text: Dark gray (#2D3748)
- Accent: Orange (#E67E22)
**Modern Research**:
- Background: Light gray (#F7FAFC)
- Title: Teal (#0A9396)
- Text: Charcoal (#2C2C2C)
- Accent: Coral (#EE6C4D)
**High Contrast** (for large venues):
- Background: White (#FFFFFF)
- Title: Black (#000000)
- Text: Dark gray (#1A1A1A)
- Accent: Bright blue (#0066CC)
**Accessibility Guidelines**:
- Minimum contrast ratio: 4.5:1 (body text)
- Preferred contrast ratio: 7:1 (AAA standard)
- Avoid red-green combinations (8% of men are color-blind)
- Use patterns or shapes in addition to color for data
### 4. Visual Elements
**Figures and Images**:
- **Resolution**: Minimum 300 DPI for print, 150 DPI for projection
- **Format**: PNG for screenshots, PDF/SVG for vector graphics
- **Size**: Large enough to be readable from back of room
- **Placement**: Center or use two-column layout
**Data Visualizations**:
- **Simplify** from journal figures (fewer panels, larger text)
- **Font sizes**: 18-24pt for axis labels
- **Line widths**: 2-4pt thickness
- **Colors**: High contrast, color-blind safe
- **Labels**: Direct labeling preferred over legends
**Icons and Shapes**:
- Use for visual interest and organization
- Consistent style (all outline or all filled)
- Size appropriately (not too large or small)
- Limit colors (match theme)
### 5. Animations and Transitions
**When to Use**:
- ✅ Progressive disclosure of bullet points
- ✅ Building complex figures incrementally
- ✅ Emphasizing key findings
- ✅ Showing process steps
**When to Avoid**:
- ❌ Decoration or entertainment
- ❌ Every single slide
- ❌ Distracting effects (fly in, bounce, spin)
**Recommended Animations**:
- **Appear**: Clean, professional
- **Fade**: Subtle transition
- **Wipe**: Directional reveal
- **Duration**: Fast (0.2-0.3 seconds)
- **Trigger**: On click (not automatic)
**Slide Transitions**:
- Use consistent transition throughout (or none)
- Recommended: None, Fade, or Push
- Avoid: 3D rotations, complex effects
- Duration: Very fast (0.3-0.5 seconds)
## Creating Presentations with PPTX Skill
### Design-First Workflow
**Step 0: Choose Modern Color Palette Based on Topic**
**CRITICAL**: Select colors that reflect your subject matter, not generic defaults.
**Topic-Based Palette Examples:**
- **Biotechnology/Life Sciences**: Teal (#0A9396), Coral (#EE6C4D), Cream (#F4F1DE)
- **Neuroscience/Brain Research**: Deep Purple (#722880), Magenta (#D72D51), White
- **Machine Learning/AI**: Bold Red (#E74C3C), Orange (#F39C12), Dark Gray (#2C2C2C)
- **Physics/Engineering**: Navy (#1C3D5A), Orange (#E67E22), Light Gray (#F7FAFC)
- **Medicine/Healthcare**: Teal (#5EA8A7), Coral (#FE4447), White (#FFFFFF)
- **Environmental Science**: Sage (#87A96B), Terracotta (#E07A5F), Cream (#F4F1DE)
See full palette options in pptx skill SKILL.md (lines 76-94).
**Step 1: Plan Design System** (With Modern Palette)
```javascript
// Define design constants with MODERN colors (not defaults)
const DESIGN = {
colors: {
primary: "0A9396", // Teal (modern, engaging)
accent: "EE6C4D", // Coral (attention-grabbing)
text: "2C2C2C", // Charcoal (readable)
background: "FFFFFF" // White (clean)
},
fonts: {
title: { size: 40, bold: true, face: "Arial" },
heading: { size: 28, bold: true, face: "Arial" },
body: { size: 24, face: "Arial" },
caption: { size: 16, face: "Arial" }
},
layout: {
margin: 0.5,
titleY: 0.5,
contentY: 1.5
}
};
```
**Step 2: Create Reusable Functions**
```javascript
function addTitleSlide(pptx, title, subtitle, author) {
const slide = pptx.addSlide();
slide.background = { color: DESIGN.colors.primary };
slide.addText(title, {
x: 1, y: 2, w: 8, h: 1,
fontSize: 44, bold: true, color: "FFFFFF",
align: "center"
});
slide.addText(subtitle, {
x: 1, y: 3.2, w: 8, h: 0.5,
fontSize: 24, color: "FFFFFF",
align: "center"
});
slide.addText(author, {
x: 1, y: 4, w: 8, h: 0.4,
fontSize: 18, color: "FFFFFF",
align: "center"
});
return slide;
}
function addContentSlide(pptx, title, bullets) {
const slide = pptx.addSlide();
slide.addText(title, {
x: DESIGN.layout.margin,
y: DESIGN.layout.titleY,
w: 9,
h: 0.5,
...DESIGN.fonts.heading,
color: DESIGN.colors.primary
});
slide.addText(bullets, {
x: DESIGN.layout.margin,
y: DESIGN.layout.contentY,
w: 9,
h: 3,
...DESIGN.fonts.body,
bullet: true
});
return slide;
}
```
**Step 3: Build Presentation** (Visual-First Approach)
```javascript
const pptx = new PptxGenJS();
pptx.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
// Title slide with background image or color block
const titleSlide = pptx.addSlide();
titleSlide.background = { color: DESIGN.colors.primary }; // Bold color background
addTitleSlide(
pptx,
"Research Title",
"Subtitle or Conference Name",
"Your Name • Institution • Date"
);
// Introduction with image/icon
const introSlide = pptx.addSlide();
introSlide.addImage({
path: "concept_image.png", // Visual representation of concept
x: 5, y: 1.5, w: 4, h: 3
});
introSlide.addText("Background", { x: 0.5, y: 0.5, fontSize: 36, bold: true });
introSlide.addText([
"Key context point 1 (AuthorA, 2023)",
"Key context point 2 (AuthorB, 2022)",
"Research gap identified (AuthorC, 2021)"
], {
x: 0.5, y: 1.5, w: 4, h: 2,
fontSize: 24, bullet: true
});
// Results slide - FIGURE DOMINATES
const resultsSlide = pptx.addSlide();
resultsSlide.addText("Main Finding", { x: 0.5, y: 0.5, fontSize: 32, bold: true });
resultsSlide.addImage({
path: "results_figure.png", // Large, clear figure
x: 0.5, y: 1.5, w: 9, h: 4 // Nearly full slide
});
// Minimal text annotation only
resultsSlide.addText("34% improvement (p < 0.001)", {
x: 7, y: 1, fontSize: 20, color: DESIGN.colors.accent, bold: true
});
// Save
pptx.writeFile({ fileName: "presentation.pptx" });
```
**Key Changes from Dry Presentations:**
- Title slide uses bold background color (not plain white)
- Introduction includes relevant image (not just bullets)
- Results slide is figure-dominated (not text-dominated)
- Citations included in bullets for research context
- Text is minimal and supporting, visuals are primary
### Adding Scientific Content
**Equations** (as images):
```javascript
// Render equation as PNG first (using LaTeX or online tool)
// Then add to slide
slide.addImage({
path: "equation.png",
x: 2, y: 3, w: 6, h: 1
});
```
**Tables**:
```javascript
slide.addTable([
[
{ text: "Method", options: { bold: true } },
{ text: "Accuracy", options: { bold: true } },
{ text: "Time (s)", options: { bold: true } }
],
["Method A", "0.85", "10"],
["Method B", "0.92", "25"],
["Method C", "0.88", "15"]
], {
x: 2, y: 2, w: 6,
fontSize: 20,
border: { pt: 1, color: "888888" },
fill: { color: "F5F5F5" }
});
```
**Charts**:
```javascript
// Bar chart
slide.addChart(pptx.ChartType.bar, [
{
name: "Control",
labels: ["Metric 1", "Metric 2", "Metric 3"],
values: [45, 67, 82]
},
{
name: "Treatment",
labels: ["Metric 1", "Metric 2", "Metric 3"],
values: [52, 78, 91]
}
], {
x: 1, y: 1.5, w: 8, h: 4,
chartColors: [DESIGN.colors.primary, DESIGN.colors.accent],
showTitle: false,
showLegend: true,
fontSize: 18
});
```
## Visual Validation Workflow
### Generate Thumbnails
After creating presentation:
```bash
# Create thumbnail grid for quick review
python scripts/thumbnail.py presentation.pptx review/thumbnails --cols 4
# Or for individual slides
python scripts/thumbnail.py presentation.pptx review/slide
```
### Inspection Checklist
For each slide, check:
- [ ] Text readable (not cut off or too small)
- [ ] No element overlap
- [ ] Consistent colors and fonts
- [ ] Adequate white space
- [ ] Figures clear and properly sized
- [ ] Alignment correct
### Common Issues
**Text Overflow**:
- Reduce font size or text length
- Increase text box size
- Split into multiple slides
**Element Overlap**:
- Use two-column layout
- Reduce element sizes
- Adjust positioning
**Poor Contrast**:
- Choose higher contrast colors
- Use dark text on light background
- Test with contrast checker
## Templates and Examples
### Starting from Template
If you have an existing template:
1. **Extract template structure**:
```bash
python scripts/inventory.py template.pptx inventory.json
```
2. **Create thumbnail grid**:
```bash
python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx template_review
```
3. **Analyze layouts** and document which slides to use
4. **Rearrange slides**:
```bash
python scripts/rearrange.py template.pptx working.pptx 0,5,5,12,18,22
```
5. **Replace content**:
```bash
python scripts/replace.py working.pptx replacements.json output.pptx
```
## Best Practices Summary
### Do's (Make Presentations Engaging)
- ✅ Use research-lookup to find 8-15 papers for citations
- ✅ Add HIGH-QUALITY visuals to EVERY slide (figures, images, diagrams, icons)
- ✅ Choose MODERN color palette reflecting your topic (not defaults)
- ✅ Keep text MINIMAL (3-4 bullets, 4-6 words each)
- ✅ Use LARGE fonts (24-28pt body, 36-44pt titles)
- ✅ Vary slide layouts (full-figure, two-column, visual overlays)
- ✅ Maintain high contrast (7:1 preferred)
- ✅ Generous white space (40-50% of slide)
- ✅ Cite papers in intro and discussion (establish credibility)
- ✅ Test readability from distance
- ✅ Validate visually before presenting
### Don'ts (Avoid Dry Presentations)
- ❌ Don't create text-only slides (add visuals to EVERY slide)
- ❌ Don't use default themes unchanged (customize for your topic)
- ❌ Don't have all bullet-point slides (vary layouts)
- ❌ Don't skip research-lookup (presentations need citations too)
- ❌ Don't cram too much text on one slide
- ❌ Don't use tiny fonts (<24pt for body)
- ❌ Don't rely solely on color
- ❌ Don't use complex animations
- ❌ Don't mix too many font styles
- ❌ Don't ignore accessibility
- ❌ Don't skip visual validation
## Accessibility Considerations
**Color Contrast**:
- Use WebAIM contrast checker
- Minimum 4.5:1 for normal text
- Preferred 7:1 for optimal readability
**Color Blindness**:
- Test with Coblis simulator
- Use patterns/shapes with colors
- Avoid red-green combinations
**Readability**:
- Sans-serif fonts only
- Minimum 18pt, prefer 24pt+
- Clear visual hierarchy
- Adequate spacing
## Integration with Other Skills
**With Scientific Writing**:
- Convert paper content to slides
- Simplify dense text
- Extract key findings
- Create visual abstracts
**With Data Visualization**:
- Simplify journal figures
- Recreate with larger labels
- Use progressive disclosure
- Emphasize key results
**With Research Lookup**:
- Find relevant papers
- Extract key citations
- Build background context
- Support claims with evidence
## Resources
**PowerPoint Tutorials**:
- Microsoft PowerPoint documentation
- PowerPoint design templates
- Scientific presentation examples
**Design Tools**:
- Color palette generators (Coolors.co)
- Contrast checkers (WebAIM)
- Icon libraries (Noun Project)
- Image editing (PowerPoint built-in, external tools)
**PPTX Skill Documentation**:
- `document-skills/pptx/SKILL.md`: Main documentation
- `document-skills/pptx/html2pptx.md`: HTML to PPTX workflow
- `document-skills/pptx/ooxml.md`: Advanced editing
- `document-skills/pptx/scripts/`: Utility scripts
## Quick Reference
### Common Slide Dimensions
- **16:9 aspect ratio**: 10" × 5.625" (720pt × 405pt)
- **4:3 aspect ratio**: 10" × 7.5" (720pt × 540pt)
### Measurement Units
- PowerPoint uses inches
- 72 points = 1 inch
- Position (x, y) from top-left corner
- Size (w, h) for width and height
### Font Size Guidelines
| Element | Minimum | Recommended |
|---------|---------|-------------|
| Title slide | 40pt | 44-54pt |
| Slide title | 28pt | 32-40pt |
| Body text | 18pt | 24-28pt |
| Caption | 14pt | 16-20pt |
| Footer | 10pt | 10-12pt |
### Color Usage
- **Backgrounds**: White or very light colors
- **Text**: Dark (black/dark gray) on light, or white on dark
- **Accents**: One or two accent colors max
- **Data**: Color-blind safe palettes (blue/orange)
## Troubleshooting
**Problem**: Text appears cut off
- **Solution**: Increase text box size or reduce font size
**Problem**: Figures are blurry
- **Solution**: Use higher resolution images (300 DPI)
**Problem**: Colors look different when projected
- **Solution**: Test with projector beforehand, use high contrast
**Problem**: File size too large
- **Solution**: Compress images, reduce image resolution
**Problem**: Animations not working
- **Solution**: Check PowerPoint version compatibility
## Conclusion
Effective PowerPoint presentations for science require:
1. Clear, simple design
2. Readable text (24pt+ body)
3. High-quality figures
4. Consistent formatting
5. Visual validation
6. Accessibility considerations
Use the pptx skill for programmatic creation and the visual review workflow to ensure professional quality before presenting.

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# Presentation Timing Guidelines
## Overview
Proper timing is critical for professional scientific presentations. This guide provides detailed guidelines for slide counts, time allocation, pacing strategies, and practice techniques to ensure your presentation fits the allotted time while maintaining engagement and clarity.
## The One-Slide-Per-Minute Rule
### Basic Guideline
**Rule of Thumb**: Plan for approximately 1 slide per minute of presentation time.
**Why It Works**:
- Allows adequate time to explain each concept
- Accounts for transitions and questions
- Provides buffer for variations in pace
- Industry-standard baseline for planning
**Adjustments**:
- **Complex slides** (data-heavy, detailed figures): 2-3 minutes each
- **Simple slides** (title, section dividers): 15-30 seconds each
- **Key result slides**: 2-4 minutes each
- **Build slides** (animations): Count as multiple slides
### Slide Count by Talk Length
| Duration | Total Slides | Title/Intro | Methods | Results | Discussion | Conclusion |
|----------|--------------|-------------|---------|---------|------------|------------|
| 5 min | 5-7 | 1-2 | 0-1 | 2-3 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 min | 10-12 | 2 | 1-2 | 4-5 | 2-3 | 1 |
| 15 min | 15-18 | 2-3 | 2-3 | 6-8 | 3-4 | 1-2 |
| 20 min | 20-24 | 3 | 3-4 | 8-10 | 4-5 | 2 |
| 30 min | 25-30 | 3-4 | 5-6 | 10-12 | 6-8 | 2 |
| 45 min | 35-45 | 4-5 | 8-10 | 15-20 | 8-10 | 2-3 |
| 60 min | 45-60 | 5-6 | 10-12 | 20-25 | 10-12 | 3-4 |
### Exceptions to the Rule
**When to Use More Slides**:
- Many simple concepts to cover
- Highly visual presentation (minimal text)
- Progressive builds (each build = new "slide")
- Fast-paced overview talks
**When to Use Fewer Slides**:
- Deep dive into few concepts
- Complex data visualizations
- Interactive discussions expected
- Technical/mathematical content
## Time Allocation by Section
### 15-Minute Conference Talk (Standard)
**Total: 15 minutes, 15-18 slides**
```
Introduction (2-3 minutes, 2-3 slides):
├─ Title slide: 30 seconds
├─ Hook/Background: 90 seconds
└─ Research question: 60 seconds
Methods (2-3 minutes, 2-3 slides):
├─ Study design: 60-90 seconds
├─ Key procedures: 60 seconds
└─ Analysis: 30-60 seconds
Results (6-7 minutes, 6-8 slides):
├─ Result 1: 2-3 minutes (2-3 slides)
├─ Result 2: 2 minutes (2 slides)
└─ Result 3: 2 minutes (2-3 slides)
Discussion (2-3 minutes, 3-4 slides):
├─ Interpretation: 60 seconds
├─ Prior work: 60 seconds
└─ Implications: 60 seconds
Conclusion (1 minute, 1-2 slides):
├─ Key takeaways: 45 seconds
└─ Acknowledgments: 15 seconds
Buffer: 1-2 minutes for transitions and variation
```
**Key Principle**: Spend 40-50% of time on results.
### 45-Minute Seminar
**Total: 45 minutes, 35-45 slides**
```
Introduction (8-10 minutes, 8-10 slides):
├─ Title and personal intro: 1 minute
├─ Big picture: 3-4 minutes
├─ Literature review: 3-4 minutes
├─ Research questions: 1-2 minutes
└─ Roadmap: 1 minute
Methods (8-10 minutes, 8-10 slides):
├─ Design with rationale: 2-3 minutes
├─ Participants/materials: 2 minutes
├─ Procedures: 3-4 minutes
└─ Analysis approach: 2 minutes
Results (18-22 minutes, 16-20 slides):
├─ Overview: 2 minutes
├─ Main finding 1: 6-8 minutes
├─ Main finding 2: 6-8 minutes
├─ Additional analyses: 4-6 minutes
└─ Summary: 1 minute
Discussion (10-12 minutes, 8-10 slides):
├─ Summary: 2 minutes
├─ Literature comparison: 3-4 minutes
├─ Mechanisms: 2-3 minutes
├─ Limitations: 2 minutes
└─ Implications: 2 minutes
Conclusion (2-3 minutes, 2-3 slides):
├─ Key messages: 1 minute
├─ Future directions: 1-2 minutes
└─ Acknowledgments: 30 seconds
Reserve: 5-10 minutes for Q&A or discussion
```
### Lightning Talk (5 Minutes)
**Total: 5 minutes, 5-7 slides**
```
Slide 1: Title (15 seconds)
Slide 2: The Problem (45 seconds)
Slide 3: Your Solution (60 seconds)
Slide 4-5: Key Result (2-3 minutes total)
Slide 6: Impact/Implications (45 seconds)
Slide 7: Conclusion + Contact (30 seconds)
```
**Critical**: Practice exact timing. No buffer room.
## Timing Each Slide
### Simple Slides
**Title/Section Dividers** (15-30 seconds):
- Say title
- Brief transition comment
- Move on quickly
**Single Bullet Point Slides** (30-45 seconds):
- Read or paraphrase point
- Provide 1-2 sentences of explanation
- Transition to next
### Standard Content Slides
**Bullet Point Slides** (1-2 minutes):
- 3-4 bullets: ~1 minute
- 5-6 bullets: ~2 minutes
- **Strategy**:
- Don't read bullets verbatim
- Explain each point (15-20 seconds per bullet)
- Use builds to control pacing
**Equation Slides** (1-2 minutes):
- Introduce equation context (20 seconds)
- Explain each term (40 seconds)
- Discuss implications (20-40 seconds)
### Complex Slides
**Data Visualization Slides** (2-3 minutes):
```
30 seconds: Set up (what you're showing)
60 seconds: Walk through key patterns
30 seconds: Highlight main finding
30 seconds: Statistical results
30 seconds: Interpretation/transition
```
**Multi-Panel Figures** (2-4 minutes):
```
Option 1 - Progressive Build:
- Show panel 1: 60 seconds
- Add panel 2: 60 seconds
- Add panel 3: 60 seconds
- Integrate: 60 seconds
Option 2 - All at Once:
- Overview: 30 seconds
- Panel 1: 60 seconds
- Panel 2: 60 seconds
- Panel 3: 60 seconds
- Integration: 30 seconds
```
**Table Slides** (1-2 minutes):
- Don't read every cell
- Guide attention: "Notice the top row..."
- Highlight key comparison
- State statistical result
## Pacing Strategies
### Maintaining Steady Pace
**Natural Checkpoints** (Use these to self-monitor):
For 15-minute talk:
- **3-4 minutes**: Should be finishing introduction
- **7-8 minutes**: Should be halfway through results
- **12-13 minutes**: Should be starting conclusions
For 45-minute talk:
- **10 minutes**: Finishing introduction
- **20 minutes**: Halfway through methods
- **35 minutes**: Finishing results
- **40 minutes**: In discussion
### Signs You're Running Behind
- Rushing through slides
- Skipping explanations
- Feeling time pressure
- Glancing at clock frequently
- Audience looking confused
**Recovery Strategies**:
1. Skip backup/secondary slides (prepare these in advance)
2. Summarize instead of detailing
3. Cut discussion, not results
4. NEVER skip conclusions
### Signs You're Ahead of Schedule
- Finishing slides too quickly
- Running out of things to say
- Awkward pauses
- Reaching conclusion with time left
**Adjustment Strategies**:
1. Expand on key points naturally
2. Provide additional examples
3. Take questions mid-talk (if appropriate)
4. Slow down slightly (don't add filler)
## Practice Techniques
### Practice Schedule
**Minimum Practice Requirements**:
| Talk Type | Practice Runs | Time Commitment |
|-----------|--------------|-----------------|
| Lightning (5 min) | 5-7 times | 3 hours |
| Conference (15 min) | 3-5 times | 4-5 hours |
| Seminar (45 min) | 3-4 times | 6-8 hours |
| Defense (60 min) | 4-6 times | 10-15 hours |
### Practice Progression
**Run 1: Rough Draft**
- Focus: Get through all slides
- Time it (will likely run long)
- Identify problem areas
- Note where you stumble
**Run 2: Smoothing**
- Focus: Improve transitions
- Practice specific wording
- Time each section
- Start cutting if over time
**Run 3: Refinement**
- Focus: Exact timing
- Practice with timer visible
- Implement timing strategies
- Fine-tune explanations
**Run 4: Final Polish**
- Focus: Delivery quality
- Record yourself (video)
- Practice Q&A scenarios
- Perfect timing
**Run 5+: Maintenance**
- Day before talk
- Morning of talk (if time)
- Just opening and closing
### Practice Methods
**Solo Practice**:
```
1. Full talk with timer
2. Section-by-section focus
3. Speak aloud (not mental review)
4. Stand and use gestures
5. Simulate presentation environment
```
**Recorded Practice**:
```
1. Video yourself
2. Watch playback critically
3. Note:
- Timing issues
- Filler words ("um", "uh", "like")
- Body language
- Pace variations
4. Re-record after improvements
```
**Live Audience Practice**:
```
1. Lab meeting or colleagues
2. Request honest feedback
3. Take questions
4. Time strictly
5. Note:
- Confusing sections
- Questions asked
- Engagement level
```
### Timing Tools
**During Practice**:
- Phone timer (visible)
- Stopwatch with lap times
- Timer app with alerts
- Record for later analysis
**During Presentation**:
- Phone/watch timer (subtle glances)
- Session clock (if provided)
- Time notes on slides (bottom corner)
- Vibrating watch alerts at key checkpoints
**Timing Notes on Slides**:
```
Add small text (8pt, corner):
Slide 1: "0:00"
Slide 5: "3:30"
Slide 10: "7:00"
Slide 15: "12:00"
Slide 18: "14:00"
```
## Handling Time Constraints
### If Time is Cut Short
**Scenario**: "We're running behind, can you cut to 10 minutes?"
**Strategy**:
1. Keep introduction (brief)
2. Mention methods (30 seconds)
3. Show main result only (3 minutes)
4. Brief conclusion (30 seconds)
5. Skip: Secondary results, detailed discussion
**Pre-Prepare**:
- Know which slides are "must keep"
- Mark "optional" slides
- Have 5, 10, and 15-minute versions ready
### If Given Extra Time
**Scenario**: "Previous speaker cancelled, you have 30 minutes instead of 15"
**Options**:
1. Go deeper on key results
2. Show backup slides
3. Include additional analyses
4. Extend discussion
5. Allow more Q&A time
**Don't**:
- Repeat content
- Add filler
- Slow down artificially
- Include low-quality material
## Question and Answer Timing
### Including Q&A in Your Time
**If Q&A is within your slot**:
- Plan for 20-30% of time for questions
- 15-minute talk: Reserve 3-4 minutes
- 45-minute talk: Reserve 10-15 minutes
- Finish content 2-3 minutes early
**Q&A Time Management**:
- Brief answers (30-90 seconds each)
- "Great question, let me keep this brief..."
- Redirect detailed questions: "Let's discuss after"
- Moderator or self-police time
### Separate Q&A Time
**If Q&A is after your slot**:
- Use full allotted time
- Finish exactly at time limit
- Don't assume extra time
- Have backup slides ready
## Time Budgeting Template
### Create Your Own Timing Plan
```
Talk Title: _______________________
Total Duration: ____ minutes
Target Slides: ____ slides
Introduction:
- Slide 1: Title (__:__ - __:__)
- Slide 2: Hook (__:__ - __:__)
- Slide 3: Background (__:__ - __:__)
[Continue for all slides...]
CHECKPOINT: By __:__, should be at Slide ___
Methods:
- Slide __: [description] (__:__ - __:__)
[...]
CHECKPOINT: By __:__, should be at Slide ___
Results:
[...]
[Continue for all sections]
Total Planned Time: ____
Buffer: ____ minutes
```
### Example Timing Sheet
```
15-Minute Conference Talk
Target: 15:00, Slides: 1-18
00:00 - 00:30 | Slide 1 | Title
00:30 - 02:00 | Slide 2 | Background
02:00 - 03:00 | Slide 3 | Research question
------CHECKPOINT: 3 min, Slide 3------
03:00 - 04:00 | Slide 4 | Study design
04:00 - 05:00 | Slide 5 | Methods
05:00 - 05:30 | Slide 6 | Analysis
------CHECKPOINT: 5:30, Slide 6------
05:30 - 08:00 | Slide 7-8 | Main result
08:00 - 10:00 | Slide 9-10 | Result 2
10:00 - 11:30 | Slide 11-12 | Result 3
------CHECKPOINT: 11:30, Slide 12------
11:30 - 12:30 | Slide 13-14 | Discussion
12:30 - 13:30 | Slide 15-16 | Implications
13:30 - 14:30 | Slide 17 | Conclusions
14:30 - 15:00 | Slide 18 | Acknowledgments
------END: 15:00------
```
## Common Timing Mistakes
### Mistake 1: Over-Preparing Introduction
**Problem**: Spending 5 minutes of 15-minute talk on background
**Solution**:
- Limit intro to 15-20% of total time
- Jump to your contribution quickly
- Save detailed review for discussion
### Mistake 2: Equal Time Per Slide
**Problem**: Spending same time on title slide as key result
**Solution**:
- Vary pace based on importance
- Rush through simple slides
- Linger on key findings
### Mistake 3: No Time Checkpoints
**Problem**: Realizing you're behind only at minute 12 of 15
**Solution**:
- Set 3-4 checkpoints
- Glance at timer regularly
- Adjust in real-time
### Mistake 4: Skipping Practice
**Problem**: First time through is during actual presentation
**Solution**:
- Practice minimum 3 times
- Time each practice
- Get feedback
### Mistake 5: Not Preparing Plan B
**Problem**: Run over time with no strategy
**Solution**:
- Know which slides to skip
- Have condensed versions ready
- Practice shortened version
## Special Timing Considerations
### Virtual Presentations
**Adjustments**:
- Slightly slower pace (5-10%)
- More explicit transitions
- Built-in pauses for lag
- Buffer for technical issues
**Time Allocation**:
- Start 1-2 minutes early (tech check)
- More time for Q&A (typing delays)
- Share slides in advance if possible
### Poster Spotlight Talks (3 Minutes)
**Ultra-Tight Timing**:
```
0:00-0:30 | Title + Context
0:30-1:30 | Problem + Approach
1:30-2:30 | Key Result (one figure)
2:30-3:00 | "Visit poster #42"
```
**Practice**: 10+ times to get exactly right
### Invited Talks (45-60 Minutes)
**More Flexibility**:
- Can adjust pace based on audience
- Welcome interruptions
- Conversational style acceptable
- Less rigid timing
**Still Important**:
- Have overall time structure
- Monitor major checkpoints
- Respect Q&A time
## Summary: Key Timing Principles
1. **Plan for 1 slide per minute** (adjust for complexity)
2. **Spend 40-50% on results**
3. **Practice 3-5 times minimum**
4. **Set 3-4 time checkpoints**
5. **Have Plan B for running over**
6. **Never skip conclusions**
7. **Finish on time** (non-negotiable)
## Quick Reference Card
```
PRESENTATION TIMING CHEAT SHEET
General Rule: 1 slide = 1 minute
Section Time Allocation (15-min talk):
├─ Intro: 2-3 min (20%)
├─ Methods: 2-3 min (15-20%)
├─ Results: 6-7 min (45%)
├─ Discussion: 2-3 min (15%)
└─ Conclusion: 1 min (5%)
Practice Schedule:
├─ Run 1: Rough (expect to run long)
├─ Run 2: Smooth (fix transitions)
├─ Run 3: Timed (hit targets)
└─ Run 4+: Polish (perfect delivery)
Checkpoints (15-min talk):
├─ 3-4 min: End of intro
├─ 7-8 min: Halfway through results
└─ 12-13 min: Starting conclusions
Emergency Strategies:
├─ Running over? Skip backup slides
├─ Running under? Expand examples
├─ Lost? Return to time checkpoints
└─ Technical issue? Verbal summary
Remember: Better to finish early than run over!
```