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+# Journal Formatting Requirements
+
+Comprehensive formatting requirements and submission guidelines for major scientific journals across disciplines.
+
+**Last Updated**: 2024
+
+---
+
+## Nature Portfolio
+
+### Nature
+
+**Journal Type**: Top-tier multidisciplinary science journal  
+**Publisher**: Nature Publishing Group  
+**Impact Factor**: ~64 (varies by year)
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: Articles ~3,000 words (excluding Methods, References, Figure Legends)
+- **Structure**: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract (≤200 words), Main text, Methods, References, Acknowledgements, Author Contributions, Competing Interests, Figure Legends
+- **Format**: Single column for submission (final published version is two-column)
+- **Font**: Any standard font (Times, Arial, Helvetica), 12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
+- **Margins**: 2.5 cm (1 inch) all sides
+- **Page numbers**: Required on all pages
+- **Citations**: Numbered sequentially in superscript¹'²'³
+- **References**: Nature style (abbreviated journal names)
+  - Format: Author, A. A., Author, B. B. & Author, C. C. Article title. *Journal Abbrev.* **vol**, pages (year).
+  - Example: Watson, J. D. & Crick, F. H. C. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. *Nature* **171**, 737–738 (1953).
+- **Figures**: 
+  - Format: TIFF, EPS, PDF (vector preferred)
+  - Resolution: 300-600 dpi for photos, 1000 dpi for line art
+  - Color: RGB or CMYK
+  - Size: Fit to single column (89 mm) or double column (183 mm)
+  - Legends: Provided separately, not embedded in figure
+- **Tables**: Editable format (Word, Excel), not as images
+- **Supplementary Info**: Unlimited, PDF format preferred
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/nature_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://www.nature.com/nature/for-authors
+
+---
+
+### Nature Communications
+
+**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary journal  
+**Publisher**: Nature Publishing Group
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: No strict limit (typically 5,000-8,000 words)
+- **Structure**: Same as Nature (Title, Abstract, Main text, Methods, References, etc.)
+- **Format**: Single column
+- **Font**: Times New Roman, Arial, or similar, 12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
+- **Margins**: 2.5 cm all sides
+- **Citations**: Numbered sequentially in superscript
+- **References**: Nature style (same as Nature)
+- **Figures**: Same requirements as Nature
+- **Tables**: Same requirements as Nature
+- **Open Access**: All articles are open access (APC applies)
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/nature_communications.tex`
+
+---
+
+### Nature Methods, Nature Biotechnology, Nature Machine Intelligence
+
+**Formatting**: Same as Nature Communications (Nature family journals share similar formatting)
+
+**Discipline-Specific Notes**:
+- **Nature Methods**: Emphasize methodological innovation and validation
+- **Nature Biotechnology**: Focus on biotechnology applications and translation
+- **Nature Machine Intelligence**: AI/ML applications across disciplines
+
+---
+
+## Science Family
+
+### Science
+
+**Journal Type**: Top-tier multidisciplinary science journal  
+**Publisher**: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: 
+  - Research Articles: 2,500 words (text only, excluding refs/figs)
+  - Reports: 2,500 words maximum
+- **Structure**: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract (≤125 words), Main text, Materials and Methods, References, Acknowledgments, Supplementary Materials
+- **Format**: Single column for submission
+- **Font**: Times New Roman, 12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
+- **Margins**: 1 inch all sides
+- **Citations**: Numbered sequentially in parentheses (1, 2, 3)
+- **References**: Science style (no article titles in main refs, moved to supplementary)
+  - Format: A. Author, B. Author, *Journal Abbrev.* **vol**, pages (year).
+  - Example: J. D. Watson, F. H. C. Crick, *Nature* **171**, 737 (1953).
+- **Figures**: 
+  - Format: PDF, EPS, TIFF
+  - Resolution: 300 dpi minimum
+  - Color: RGB
+  - Size: Maximum width 9 cm (single column) or 18.3 cm (double column)
+  - Figures count toward page limit
+- **Tables**: Include in main text or as separate files
+- **Supplementary Materials**: Extensive materials allowed
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/science_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-authors
+
+---
+
+### Science Advances
+
+**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary journal  
+**Publisher**: AAAS
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: No strict word limit (but concise writing encouraged)
+- **Structure**: Similar to Science (more flexible)
+- **Format**: Single column
+- **Font**: Times New Roman, 12pt
+- **Citations**: Numbered in parentheses
+- **References**: Science style
+- **Figures**: Same as Science
+- **Open Access**: All articles open access
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/science_advances.tex`
+
+---
+
+## PLOS (Public Library of Science)
+
+### PLOS ONE
+
+**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary journal  
+**Publisher**: Public Library of Science
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: No maximum length
+- **Structure**: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions (optional), References, Supporting Information
+- **Format**: Editable file (LaTeX, Word, RTF)
+- **Font**: Times, Arial, or Helvetica, 10-12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
+- **Margins**: 1 inch (2.54 cm) all sides
+- **Page numbers**: Required
+- **Citations**: Vancouver style, numbered in brackets [1], [2], [3]
+- **References**: Vancouver/NLM format
+  - Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Article title. Journal Abbrev. Year;vol(issue):pages. doi:xx.xxxx
+  - Example: Watson JD, Crick FHC. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature. 1953;171(4356):737-738.
+- **Figures**:
+  - Format: TIFF, EPS, PDF, PNG
+  - Resolution: 300-600 dpi
+  - Color: RGB
+  - Legends: Provided in main text after references
+- **Tables**: Editable format, one per page
+- **Data Availability**: Statement required
+- **Open Access**: All articles open access (APC applies)
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/plos_one.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines
+
+---
+
+### PLOS Biology, PLOS Computational Biology, etc.
+
+**Formatting**: Similar to PLOS ONE with discipline-specific variations
+
+**Key Differences**:
+- PLOS Biology: More selective, emphasizes broad significance
+- PLOS Comp Bio: Focus on computational methods and models
+
+---
+
+## Cell Press
+
+### Cell
+
+**Journal Type**: Top-tier biology journal  
+**Publisher**: Cell Press (Elsevier)
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: 
+  - Articles: ~5,000 words (excluding Methods, References)
+  - Short Articles: ~2,500 words
+- **Structure**: Summary (≤150 words), Keywords, Introduction, Results, Discussion, Experimental Procedures, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions, Declaration of Interests, References
+- **Format**: Double-spaced
+- **Font**: 12pt
+- **Margins**: 1 inch all sides
+- **Citations**: Author-year format (Smith et al., 2023)
+- **References**: Cell style
+  - Format: Author, A.A., and Author, B.B. (Year). Title. *Journal* vol, pages.
+  - Example: Watson, J.D., and Crick, F.H. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids. *Nature* 171, 737-738.
+- **Figures**:
+  - Format: TIFF, EPS preferred
+  - Resolution: 300 dpi photos, 1000 dpi line art
+  - Color: RGB or CMYK
+  - Multipanel figures common
+- **Tables**: Editable format
+- **eTOC Blurb**: 30-50 word summary required
+- **Graphical Abstract**: Required
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/cell_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://www.cell.com/cell/authors
+
+---
+
+### Neuron, Immunity, Molecular Cell, Developmental Cell
+
+**Formatting**: Similar to Cell with discipline-specific expectations
+
+---
+
+## IEEE Transactions
+
+### IEEE Transactions on [Various Topics]
+
+**Journal Type**: Engineering and computer science journals  
+**Publisher**: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: Varies by transaction (typically 8-12 pages in final format)
+- **Structure**: Abstract, Index Terms, Introduction, [Body sections], Conclusion, Acknowledgment, References, Biographies
+- **Format**: Two-column
+- **Font**: Times New Roman, 10pt
+- **Column spacing**: 0.17 inch (4.23 mm)
+- **Margins**: 
+  - Top: 19 mm (0.75 in)
+  - Bottom: 25 mm (1 in)
+  - Side: 17 mm (0.67 in)
+- **Citations**: Numbered in square brackets [1], [2], [3]
+- **References**: IEEE style
+  - Format: [1] A. A. Author, "Title of paper," *Journal Abbrev.*, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Mon. Year.
+  - Example: [1] J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick, "Molecular structure of nucleic acids," *Nature*, vol. 171, pp. 737-738, Apr. 1953.
+- **Figures**:
+  - Format: EPS, PDF (vector), TIFF (raster)
+  - Resolution: 600-1200 dpi line art, 300 dpi grayscale/color
+  - Color: RGB for online, CMYK for print if needed
+  - Position: Top or bottom of column
+- **Tables**: LaTeX table environment, positioned at top/bottom
+- **Equations**: Numbered consecutively
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/ieee_trans.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/
+
+---
+
+### IEEE Access
+
+**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary engineering journal  
+**Publisher**: IEEE
+
+**Formatting**: Similar to IEEE Transactions
+- **Length**: No page limits
+- **Open Access**: All articles open access
+- **Rapid publication**: Faster review than Transactions
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/ieee_access.tex`
+
+---
+
+## ACM Publications
+
+### ACM Transactions
+
+**Journal Type**: Computer science transactions  
+**Publisher**: Association for Computing Machinery
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: No strict limit
+- **Structure**: Abstract, CCS Concepts, Keywords, ACM Reference Format, Introduction, [Body], Conclusion, Acknowledgments, References
+- **Format**: Two-column (final), single-column for submission OK
+- **Font**: Depends on template (usually 9-10pt)
+- **Class**: Use `acmart` LaTeX document class
+- **Citations**: Numbered [1] or author-year depending on venue
+- **References**: ACM style
+  - Format: Author. Year. Title. Journal vol, issue (Year), pages. DOI
+  - Example: James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick. 1953. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 171, 4356 (1953), 737-738. https://doi.org/10.1038/171737a0
+- **Figures**: EPS, PDF (vector preferred), high-resolution raster
+- **CCS Concepts**: Required (ACM Computing Classification System)
+- **Keywords**: Required
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/acm_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://www.acm.org/publications/authors
+
+---
+
+## Springer Journals
+
+### General Springer Journals
+
+**Publisher**: Springer Nature
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: Varies by journal (check specific journal)
+- **Format**: Single column for submission (LaTeX or Word)
+- **Font**: 10-12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double or 1.5
+- **Citations**: Numbered or author-year (varies by journal)
+- **References**: Springer style (similar to Vancouver or author-year)
+  - Numbered: Author AA, Author BB (Year) Title. Journal vol:pages
+  - Author-year: Author AA, Author BB (Year) Title. Journal vol:pages
+- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS, PDF; 300+ dpi
+- **Tables**: Editable format
+- **Document Class**: `svjour3` for many Springer journals
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/springer_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: Varies by specific journal
+
+---
+
+## Elsevier Journals
+
+### General Elsevier Journals
+
+**Publisher**: Elsevier
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: Varies widely by journal
+- **Format**: Single column (LaTeX or Word)
+- **Font**: 12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
+- **Citations**: Numbered or author-year (check journal guide)
+- **References**: Style varies by journal (Harvard, Vancouver, numbered)
+  - Check specific journal's "Guide for Authors"
+- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS; 300+ dpi
+- **Tables**: Editable format
+- **Document Class**: `elsarticle` LaTeX class
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/elsevier_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://www.elsevier.com/authors (select specific journal)
+
+---
+
+## BMC Journals
+
+### BMC Biology, BMC Bioinformatics, etc.
+
+**Publisher**: BioMed Central (Springer Nature)
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: No maximum length
+- **Structure**: Abstract (structured), Keywords, Background, [Methods/Results/Discussion], Conclusions, Abbreviations, Declarations (Ethics, Consent, Availability, Competing interests, Funding, Authors' contributions, Acknowledgements), References
+- **Format**: Single column
+- **Font**: Arial or Times, 12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double
+- **Citations**: Vancouver style, numbered in brackets [1]
+- **References**: Vancouver/NLM format
+- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS, PNG; 300+ dpi
+- **Tables**: Editable
+- **Open Access**: All BMC journals are open access
+- **Data Availability**: Statement required
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/bmc_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://www.biomedcentral.com/getpublished
+
+---
+
+## Frontiers Journals
+
+### Frontiers in [Various Topics]
+
+**Publisher**: Frontiers Media
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: Varies by article type (Research Article ~12 pages, Brief Research Report ~4 pages)
+- **Structure**: Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Data Availability Statement, Ethics Statement, Author Contributions, Funding, Acknowledgments, Conflict of Interest, References
+- **Format**: Single column
+- **Font**: Times New Roman, 12pt
+- **Line spacing**: Double
+- **Citations**: Numbered (Frontiers style)
+- **References**: Frontiers format
+  - Format: Author A., Author B., Author C. (Year). Title. *Journal Abbrev.* vol:pages. doi
+  - Example: Watson J. D., Crick F. H. C. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids. *Nature* 171:737-738. doi:10.1038/171737a0
+- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS; 300 dpi minimum
+- **Tables**: Editable
+- **Open Access**: All Frontiers journals are open access
+- **Figure Legends**: Detailed, 350 words max per figure
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/frontiers_article.tex`
+
+**Author Guidelines**: https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines
+
+---
+
+## Specialized Journals
+
+### PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: 6 pages (text, figures, tables combined)
+- **Abstract**: 250 words max
+- **Significance Statement**: 120 words max (required)
+- **Structure**: Abstract, Significance, Main text, Materials and Methods, Acknowledgments, References
+- **Format**: Single column
+- **Citations**: Numbered
+- **References**: PNAS style
+- **LaTeX Class**: `pnas-new`
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/pnas_article.tex`
+
+---
+
+### Physical Review Letters (PRL)
+
+**Publisher**: American Physical Society
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: 4 pages (including figures and references)
+- **Format**: Two-column (REVTeX 4.2)
+- **Abstract**: No more than 600 characters
+- **Citations**: Numbered
+- **References**: APS style
+- **Document Class**: `revtex4-2`
+
+**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/prl_article.tex`
+
+---
+
+### New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: Original Articles ~3,000 words
+- **Structure**: Abstract (structured, 250 words), Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, References
+- **Format**: Double-spaced
+- **Citations**: Numbered
+- **References**: NEJM style (modified Vancouver)
+- **Figures**: High resolution, professional quality
+- **Word submission preferred** (LaTeX less common)
+
+---
+
+### The Lancet
+
+**Formatting Requirements**:
+- **Length**: Articles ~3,000 words
+- **Abstract**: Structured, 300 words
+- **Structure**: Panel (summary box), Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, References
+- **Citations**: Numbered
+- **References**: Lancet style (modified Vancouver)
+- **Word preferred** for submission
+
+---
+
+## Quick Reference Table
+
+| Journal | Max Length | Format | Citations | Template |
+|---------|-----------|--------|-----------|----------|
+| **Nature** | ~3,000 words | Single col | Superscript | `nature_article.tex` |
+| **Science** | 2,500 words | Single col | (1) brackets | `science_article.tex` |
+| **PLOS ONE** | Unlimited | Single col | [1] Vancouver | `plos_one.tex` |
+| **Cell** | ~5,000 words | Double sp | (Author, year) | `cell_article.tex` |
+| **IEEE Trans** | 8-12 pages | Two col | [1] IEEE | `ieee_trans.tex` |
+| **ACM Trans** | Variable | Two col | [1] or author-yr | `acm_article.tex` |
+| **Springer** | Variable | Single col | Numbered/author-yr | `springer_article.tex` |
+| **BMC** | Unlimited | Single col | [1] Vancouver | `bmc_article.tex` |
+| **Frontiers** | ~12 pages | Single col | Numbered | `frontiers_article.tex` |
+
+---
+
+## Notes
+
+1. **Always check official guidelines**: Journal requirements change; verify before submission
+2. **Template currency**: These templates are updated regularly but may lag official changes
+3. **Supplementary materials**: Most journals allow extensive supplementary materials
+4. **Preprint policies**: Check journal's preprint policy (most allow arXiv, bioRxiv)
+5. **Open access options**: Many subscription journals offer open access for a fee
+6. **LaTeX vs. Word**: Most journals accept both; LaTeX preferred for math-heavy content
+
+## Getting Official Templates
+
+Many journals provide official LaTeX templates:
+- **Nature**: Download from journal website
+- **IEEE**: IEEEtran class (widely available)
+- **ACM**: acmart class (CTAN)
+- **Elsevier**: elsarticle class (CTAN)
+- **Springer**: svjour3 class (journal website)
+
+Check journal's "For Authors" or "Submit" page for the most current templates.
+