Initial commit

This commit is contained in:
Zhongwei Li
2025-11-30 08:30:18 +08:00
commit 74bee324ab
335 changed files with 147377 additions and 0 deletions

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
# Conference Formatting Requirements
Comprehensive formatting requirements and submission guidelines for major academic conferences across disciplines.
**Last Updated**: 2024
---
## Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence
### NeurIPS (Neural Information Processing Systems)
**Conference Type**: Top-tier machine learning conference
**Frequency**: Annual (December)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Main paper: 8 pages (excluding references)
- References: Unlimited
- Appendix/Supplementary: Unlimited (optional, reviewed at discretion)
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times or Times New Roman, 10pt for body text
- **Line spacing**: Single-spaced
- **Margins**: 1 inch (2.54 cm) all sides
- **Column separation**: 0.25 inch (0.635 cm)
- **Paper size**: US Letter (8.5 × 11 inches)
- **Anonymization**: **Required** for initial submission (double-blind review)
- Remove author names, affiliations
- Anonymize self-citations ("Author et al." → "Anonymous et al.")
- Remove acknowledgments revealing identity
- **Citations**: Numbered in square brackets [1], [2-4]
- **References**: Any consistent style (commonly uses numbered references)
- **Figures**:
- High resolution (300+ dpi)
- Colorblind-friendly palettes recommended
- Can span both columns if needed
- **Tables**: Clear, readable at publication size
- **Equations**: Numbered if referenced
- **LaTeX Class**: `neurips_2024.sty` (updated annually)
- **Supplementary Materials**:
- Code strongly encouraged (GitHub, anonymous repo for review)
- Additional experiments, proofs
- Not counted toward page limit
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/neurips_article.tex`
**Submission Notes**:
- Use official style file (changes yearly)
- Paper ID on first page (auto-generated during submission)
- Include "broader impact" statement (varies by year)
- Reproducibility checklist required
**Website**: https://neurips.cc/
---
### ICML (International Conference on Machine Learning)
**Conference Type**: Top-tier machine learning conference
**Frequency**: Annual (July)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Main paper: 8 pages (excluding references and appendix)
- References: Unlimited
- Appendix: Unlimited (optional)
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 10pt
- **Line spacing**: Single-spaced
- **Margins**: 1 inch all sides
- **Paper size**: US Letter
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- **Citations**: Numbered or author-year (consistent style)
- **Figures**: High resolution, colorblind-safe recommended
- **LaTeX Class**: `icml2024.sty` (updated yearly)
- **Supplementary**: Strongly encouraged (code, data, appendix)
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/icml_article.tex`
**Submission Notes**:
- Must use official ICML style file
- Checklist for reproducibility
- Ethics statement if applicable
**Website**: https://icml.cc/
---
### ICLR (International Conference on Learning Representations)
**Conference Type**: Top-tier deep learning conference
**Frequency**: Annual (April/May)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Main paper: 8 pages (excluding references, appendix, ethics statement)
- References: Unlimited
- Appendix: Unlimited
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 10pt
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- **Citations**: Numbered [1] or author-year
- **LaTeX Class**: `iclr2024_conference.sty`
- **Supplementary**: Code and data encouraged (anonymous GitHub)
- **Open Review**: Reviews and responses are public post-decision
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/iclr_article.tex`
**Unique Features**:
- OpenReview platform (transparent review process)
- Author-reviewer discussion during review
- Camera-ready can exceed 8 pages
**Website**: https://iclr.cc/
---
### CVPR (Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)
**Conference Type**: Top-tier computer vision conference
**Frequency**: Annual (June)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Main paper: 8 pages (including figures and tables, excluding references)
- References: Unlimited (separate section)
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times Roman, 10pt
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- Blur faces in images if needed
- Anonymize datasets if they reveal identity
- **Paper size**: US Letter
- **Citations**: Numbered [1]
- **Figures**: High resolution, can be color
- **LaTeX Template**: CVPR official template (changes yearly)
- **Supplementary Material**:
- Video demonstrations encouraged
- Additional results, code
- 100 MB limit for all supplementary files
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/cvpr_article.tex`
**Website**: https://cvpr.thecvf.com/
---
### AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence)
**Conference Type**: Major AI conference
**Frequency**: Annual (February)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Technical papers: 7 pages (excluding references)
- References: Unlimited
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times Roman, 10pt
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- **Paper size**: US Letter
- **Citations**: Various styles accepted (be consistent)
- **LaTeX Template**: AAAI official style
- **Supplementary**: Optional appendix
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/aaai_article.tex`
**Website**: https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/
---
### IJCAI (International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence)
**Conference Type**: Major AI conference
**Frequency**: Annual
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**: 7 pages (excluding references)
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 10pt
- **Anonymization**: **Required**
- **LaTeX Template**: IJCAI official style
---
## Computer Science
### ACM CHI (Human-Computer Interaction)
**Conference Type**: Premier HCI conference
**Frequency**: Annual (April/May)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Papers: 10 pages (excluding references)
- Late-Breaking Work: 4 pages
- **Format**: Single-column ACM format
- **Font**: Depends on ACM template
- **Anonymization**: **Required** for Papers track
- **LaTeX Class**: `acmart` with CHI proceedings format
- **Citations**: ACM style (numbered or author-year)
- **Figures**: High quality, accessibility considered
- **Accessibility**: Alt text for figures encouraged
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/chi_article.tex`
**Website**: https://chi.acm.org/
---
### SIGKDD (Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining)
**Conference Type**: Top data mining conference
**Frequency**: Annual (August)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Research Track: 9 pages (excluding references)
- Applied Data Science: 9 pages
- **Format**: Two-column
- **LaTeX Class**: `acmart` (sigconf format)
- **Font**: ACM template default
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- **Citations**: ACM numbered style
- **Supplementary**: Code and data encouraged
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/kdd_article.tex`
**Website**: https://kdd.org/
---
### EMNLP (Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing)
**Conference Type**: Top NLP conference
**Frequency**: Annual (November/December)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Long papers: 8 pages (+ unlimited references and appendix)
- Short papers: 4 pages (+ unlimited references)
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times New Roman, 11pt
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- Do not include author names or affiliations
- Self-citations should be anonymized
- **Paper size**: US Letter or A4
- **Citations**: Named style similar to ACL
- **LaTeX Template**: ACL/EMNLP official style
- **Supplementary**: Appendix unlimited, code encouraged
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/emnlp_article.tex`
**Website**: https://www.emnlp.org/
---
### ACL (Association for Computational Linguistics)
**Conference Type**: Premier NLP conference
**Frequency**: Annual (July)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**: 8 pages (long), 4 pages (short), excluding references
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 11pt
- **Anonymization**: **Required**
- **LaTeX Template**: ACL official style (acl.sty)
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/acl_article.tex`
---
### USENIX Security Symposium
**Conference Type**: Top security conference
**Frequency**: Annual (August)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Papers: No strict limit (typically 15-20 pages including everything)
- Well-written, concise papers preferred
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 10pt
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- **LaTeX Template**: USENIX official template
- **Citations**: Numbered
- **Paper size**: US Letter
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/usenix_article.tex`
**Website**: https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity
---
### SIGIR (Information Retrieval)
**Conference Type**: Top information retrieval conference
**Frequency**: Annual (July)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**:
- Full papers: 10 pages (excluding references)
- Short papers: 4 pages (excluding references)
- **Format**: Single-column ACM format
- **LaTeX Class**: `acmart` (sigconf)
- **Anonymization**: **Required**
- **Citations**: ACM style
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/sigir_article.tex`
---
## Biology & Bioinformatics
### ISMB (Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology)
**Conference Type**: Premier computational biology conference
**Frequency**: Annual (July)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Publication**: Proceedings published in *Bioinformatics* journal
- **Page Limit**:
- Typically 7-8 pages including figures and references
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 10pt
- **Citations**: Numbered (Oxford style similar to Bioinformatics journal)
- **LaTeX Template**: Oxford Bioinformatics template
- **Anonymization**: **Not required** (single-blind)
- **Figures**: High resolution, color acceptable
- **Supplementary**: Encouraged for additional data/methods
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/ismb_article.tex`
**Website**: https://www.iscb.org/ismb
---
### RECOMB (Research in Computational Molecular Biology)
**Conference Type**: Top computational biology conference
**Frequency**: Annual (April/May)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Publication**: Proceedings published as Springer LNCS (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
- **Page Limit**:
- Extended abstracts: 12-15 pages (including references)
- **Format**: Single-column
- **Font**: Based on Springer LNCS template
- **LaTeX Class**: `llncs` (Springer)
- **Citations**: Numbered or author-year
- **Anonymization**: **Required** (double-blind)
- **Supplementary**: Appendix can be submitted
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/recomb_article.tex`
**Website**: https://www.recomb.org/
---
### PSB (Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing)
**Conference Type**: Biomedical informatics conference
**Frequency**: Annual (January)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**: 12 pages including figures and references
- **Format**: Single-column
- **Font**: Times, 11pt
- **Margins**: 1 inch all sides
- **Citations**: Numbered
- **Anonymization**: **Not required**
- **Figures**: Embedded in text
- **LaTeX Template**: PSB official template
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/psb_article.tex`
**Website**: https://psb.stanford.edu/
---
## Engineering
### IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**: 8 pages (including figures and references)
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 10pt
- **LaTeX Class**: IEEEtran
- **Citations**: IEEE style [1]
- **Anonymization**: **Required** for initial submission
- **Video**: Optional video submissions encouraged
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/icra_article.tex`
---
### IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
**Formatting**: Same as ICRA (IEEE robotics template)
---
### International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**: 8 pages
- **Format**: Two-column
- **LaTeX Class**: IEEE template
- **Citations**: IEEE style
---
### Design Automation Conference (DAC)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Page Limit**: 6 pages
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times, 10pt
- **LaTeX Class**: ACM or IEEE template (check yearly guidelines)
---
## Multidisciplinary
### AAAS Annual Meeting
**Conference Type**: Broad scientific conference
**Formatting**: Varies by symposium (typically extended abstracts)
---
## Quick Reference Table
| Conference | Pages | Format | Blind | Citations | Template |
|------------|-------|--------|-------|-----------|----------|
| **NeurIPS** | 8 + refs | Two-col | Double | [1] | `neurips_article.tex` |
| **ICML** | 8 + refs | Two-col | Double | [1] | `icml_article.tex` |
| **ICLR** | 8 + refs | Two-col | Double | [1] | `iclr_article.tex` |
| **CVPR** | 8 + refs | Two-col | Double | [1] | `cvpr_article.tex` |
| **AAAI** | 7 + refs | Two-col | Double | Various | `aaai_article.tex` |
| **CHI** | 10 + refs | Single-col | Double | ACM | `chi_article.tex` |
| **SIGKDD** | 9 + refs | Two-col | Double | ACM [1] | `kdd_article.tex` |
| **EMNLP** | 8 + refs | Two-col | Double | Named | `emnlp_article.tex` |
| **ISMB** | 7-8 pages | Two-col | Single | [1] | `ismb_article.tex` |
| **RECOMB** | 12-15 pages | Single-col | Double | Springer | `recomb_article.tex` |
---
## General Conference Submission Guidelines
### Anonymization Best Practices (Double-Blind Review)
**Remove**:
- Author names, affiliations, emails from title page
- Acknowledgments section
- Funding information that reveals identity
- Any "our previous work" citations that make identity obvious
**Anonymize**:
- Self-citations: "Smith et al. [5]" → "Anonymous et al. [5]" or "Prior work [5]"
- Institution-specific details: "our university" → "a large research university"
- Dataset names if they reveal identity
**Keep Anonymous**:
- Code repositories (use anonymous GitHub for review)
- Supplementary materials
- Any URLs or links
### Supplementary Materials
**Common Inclusions**:
- Source code (GitHub repository, zip file)
- Additional experimental results
- Proofs and derivations
- Extended related work
- Dataset descriptions
- Video demonstrations
- Interactive demos
**Best Practices**:
- Keep supplementary well-organized
- Reference supplementary clearly from main paper
- Ensure supplementary is anonymized for blind review
- Check file size limits (typically 50-100 MB)
### Camera-Ready Preparation
After acceptance:
1. **De-anonymize**: Add author names, affiliations
2. **Add acknowledgments**: Funding, contributions
3. **Copyright**: Add conference copyright notice
4. **Formatting**: Follow camera-ready specific guidelines
5. **Page limit**: May allow 1-2 extra pages (check guidelines)
6. **PDF/A compliance**: Some conferences require PDF/A format
### Accessibility Considerations
**For All Conferences**:
- Use colorblind-safe color palettes
- Ensure sufficient contrast
- Provide alt text for figures (where supported)
- Use clear, readable fonts
- Avoid solely color-based distinctions
---
## Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. **Wrong style file**: Using outdated conference style file
2. **Page limit violation**: Figures/tables pushing over limit
3. **Font size manipulation**: Changing fonts to fit more content
4. **Margin adjustments**: Modifying margins to gain space
5. **De-anonymization**: Accidentally revealing identity in blind review
6. **Missing references**: Not citing relevant prior work
7. **Low-quality figures**: Pixelated or illegible figures
8. **Inconsistent formatting**: Different sections using different styles
---
## Getting Official Templates
**Where to Find Official Templates**:
1. **Conference website**: "Call for Papers" or "Author Instructions"
2. **GitHub**: Many conferences host templates on GitHub
3. **Overleaf**: Many official templates available on Overleaf
4. **CTAN**: LaTeX class files often on CTAN repository
**Template Naming**:
- Conferences often update templates yearly
- Use the correct year's template (e.g., `neurips_2024.sty`)
- Check for "camera-ready" vs. "submission" versions
---
## Notes
1. **Annual updates**: Conference requirements change; always check current year's CFP
2. **Deadline types**:
- Abstract deadline (often 1 week before paper deadline)
- Paper deadline (firm, no extensions typically)
- Supplementary deadline (may be a few days after paper)
3. **Timezone**: Pay attention to deadline timezone (often AOE - Anywhere on Earth)
4. **Rebuttal**: Many conferences have author response/rebuttal periods
5. **Dual submission**: Check conference policy on concurrent submissions
6. **Poster/Oral**: Acceptance often comes with presentation format
## Conference Tiers (Informal)
**Machine Learning**:
- **Tier 1**: NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR
- **Tier 2**: AAAI, IJCAI, UAI
**Computer Vision**:
- **Tier 1**: CVPR, ICCV, ECCV
**Natural Language Processing**:
- **Tier 1**: ACL, EMNLP, NAACL
**Bioinformatics**:
- **Tier 1**: RECOMB, ISMB
- **Tier 2**: PSB, WABI
(Tiers are informal and field-dependent; not official rankings)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
# Grant Proposal Requirements
Comprehensive requirements and formatting guidelines for major federal and private foundation grant programs.
**Last Updated**: 2024
---
## NSF (National Science Foundation)
### Overview
**Agency**: National Science Foundation
**Typical Award**: $100K-$500K per year, 3-5 years
**Success Rate**: 20-25% (varies by program)
**Review Criteria**: Intellectual Merit + Broader Impacts (equally weighted)
---
### NSF Standard Grant Proposal
**Page Limits (NSF PAPPG - Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide)**:
| Component | Page Limit | Font | Spacing |
|-----------|-----------|------|---------|
| **Project Summary** | 1 page | Any readable, 10pt+ | Any |
| **Project Description** | 15 pages | Times Roman 11pt or similar | Single |
| **References Cited** | No limit | Times Roman 11pt | Single |
| **Biographical Sketch** | 3 pages per person | Times Roman 11pt | Single |
| **Budget Justification** | 3-5 pages | Any readable | Any |
| **Current & Pending Support** | No limit | Times Roman 11pt | Single |
| **Facilities, Equipment** | 2 pages | Any readable | Any |
| **Data Management Plan** | 2 pages | Any readable | Any |
**Margins**: 1 inch (2.54 cm) on all sides (strictly enforced)
---
### NSF Project Summary (1 page)
**Required Sections** (clearly labeled):
1. **Overview** (1-2 paragraphs)
- Concise description of research activity
- Objectives and methods
2. **Intellectual Merit** (1 paragraph)
- How project advances knowledge
- Innovation and transformative potential
- Qualifications of research team
3. **Broader Impacts** (1 paragraph)
- Benefits to society
- Broadening participation
- Dissemination and outreach
**Format**: Can be full-page text or sectioned
**Audience**: Non-specialists (broad scientific community)
**Template**: `assets/grants/nsf_project_summary.tex`
---
### NSF Project Description (15 pages)
**Typical Structure**:
1. **Introduction/Background** (2-3 pages)
- Current state of knowledge
- Research gap
- Preliminary work/feasibility
- Team qualifications
2. **Research Plan** (8-10 pages)
- Objectives and hypotheses
- Methods and approach
- Timeline and milestones
- Expected outcomes
3. **Broader Impacts** (1-2 pages)
- Educational activities
- Broadening participation (underrepresented groups)
- Dissemination (publications, conferences, public outreach)
- Societal benefits
4. **Results from Prior NSF Support** (1 page, if applicable)
- Required if PI has had NSF support in past 5 years
- Intellectual merit and broader impacts of prior work
- Publications from prior NSF grants
**Key Requirements**:
- Intellectual Merit and Broader Impacts integrated throughout
- Figures and tables allowed (count toward page limit)
- Citations to references (use References Cited section)
**Template**: `assets/grants/nsf_proposal_template.tex`
---
### NSF Biographical Sketch (3 pages)
**Required Sections**:
1. **Professional Preparation**: Institutions, degrees, fields
2. **Appointments**: Current and previous positions
3. **Products**: Up to 5 most relevant, up to 5 other significant products
- Can include publications, datasets, software, patents
4. **Synergistic Activities**: Up to 5 examples of impact beyond research
**Format**:
- NSF template must be used (SciENcv or NSF-approved format)
- No longer uses "Publications" but "Products"
---
### NSF Broader Impacts
**NSF-Recognized Categories** (demonstrate ≥1):
1. **Advance discovery while promoting teaching/learning**
2. **Broaden participation** of underrepresented groups
3. **Disseminate broadly** to enhance scientific/technological understanding
4. **Benefits to society** (economic, health, environment, national security)
5. **Develop scientific workforce** and infrastructure
**Best Practices**:
- Be specific with measurable outcomes
- Explain how activities will be assessed
- Integrate with research (don't treat as "add-on")
- Budget for broader impacts activities
**Examples**:
- K-12 outreach programs
- Curriculum development
- Training underrepresented students
- Public science communication
- Open-source software development
---
### NSF Budget
**Typical Categories**:
- **Senior Personnel**: PI, co-PIs (% effort, salary)
- **Other Personnel**: Postdocs, graduate students, undergrads
- **Fringe Benefits**: Institutional rates
- **Equipment**: Items >$5,000
- **Travel**: Domestic and foreign
- **Participant Support**: Workshops, conferences (separate category)
- **Other Direct Costs**: Materials, publication, subawards
- **Indirect Costs**: Institutional F&A rate
**Budget Justification**: Explain need for each item
---
### NSF Data Management Plan (2 pages)
**Required Content**:
- Types of data produced
- Standards for data format and metadata
- Policies for access and sharing
- Policies for re-use and redistribution
- Plans for archiving and preservation
**Acceptable Approaches**:
- Deposit in domain-specific repository
- Institutional repository
- Data available upon request (with restrictions justification)
---
### NSF Review Process
**Review Criteria** (equally weighted):
1. **Intellectual Merit**:
- What is the potential to advance knowledge?
- How well-conceived and organized?
- Qualifications of PI and team?
- Availability of resources?
2. **Broader Impacts**:
- What are the potential benefits to society?
- How well-suited to achieve broader impacts?
**Panel Review**: Proposals reviewed by panel of experts
**Timeline**: Typically 6 months from deadline to award decision
---
### NSF LaTeX Templates
- **Full Proposal**: `assets/grants/nsf_proposal_template.tex`
- **Project Summary**: `assets/grants/nsf_project_summary.tex`
- **Biographical Sketch**: Use NSF SciENcv or template
**Resources**:
- NSF PAPPG: https://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=pappg
- NSF Fastlane: https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/
---
## NIH (National Institutes of Health)
### Overview
**Agency**: National Institutes of Health
**Funding Mechanisms**:
- **R01**: Research Project Grant (most common)
- **R21**: Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant
- **K Awards**: Career Development Awards
**Success Rate**: 10-20% (varies by institute and mechanism)
---
### NIH R01 Research Grant
**Page Limits** (Research Strategy):
| Component | Page Limit | Font | Spacing |
|-----------|-----------|------|---------|
| **Specific Aims** | 1 page | Arial 11pt minimum | Any |
| **Research Strategy** | 12 pages | Arial 11pt minimum | 0.5 inch margins minimum |
| - Significance | Part of 12 | | |
| - Innovation | Part of 12 | | |
| - Approach | Part of 12 | | |
| **Bibliography** | No limit | Arial 11pt | |
| **Biographical Sketch** | 5 pages per person | Arial 11pt | |
**Margins**: 0.5 inch minimum (all sides)
**Paper Size**: Letter (8.5 × 11 inches)
---
### NIH Specific Aims Page (1 page)
**THE MOST CRITICAL COMPONENT**
**Structure** (recommended):
1. **Opening paragraph** (2-3 sentences)
- Hook: Significance of problem
- Gap: What's not known
2. **Long-term goal** (1 sentence)
- Overarching research vision
3. **Objective** (1-2 sentences)
- What this proposal will accomplish
- Central hypothesis
4. **Rationale** (2-3 sentences)
- Why you expect success
- Preliminary data supporting hypothesis
5. **Specific Aims** (3 aims typical)
- **Aim 1**: [Title]. [1-2 sentence description. Working hypothesis. Expected outcome.]
- **Aim 2**: [Title]. [1-2 sentence description. Working hypothesis. Expected outcome.]
- **Aim 3**: [Title]. [1-2 sentence description. Working hypothesis. Expected outcome.]
6. **Payoff paragraph** (2-3 sentences)
- Impact and significance
- Innovation
- Future directions
**Best Practices**:
- Crystal clear, compelling narrative
- State hypothesis explicitly
- Explain expected outcomes
- Show innovation and impact
**Template**: `assets/grants/nih_specific_aims.tex`
---
### NIH Research Strategy (12 pages)
**Required Sections**:
#### 1. Significance (typically 2-3 pages)
- **Importance**: Critical barrier to progress
- **Knowledge gap**: What's not known
- **Impact**: How project advances field
- **Rigor**: Scientific premise/prior work
- **References**: Cite key literature
#### 2. Innovation (typically 1-2 pages)
- **Novelty**: New concepts, approaches, methods
- **Challenge paradigms**: Shift thinking
- **Refined/new methodologies**: Technical innovation
- **Novel applications**: Existing tools in new ways
#### 3. Approach (typically 7-9 pages)
**For Each Aim**:
- **Rationale**: Why this aim
- **Experimental design**: Detailed methods
- **Expected outcomes**: What results mean
- **Potential problems & alternatives**: Mitigation strategies
- **Rigor and reproducibility**: Controls, replication, statistics
- **Timeline**: When each aim completed
**Additional Approach Content**:
- Preliminary data (critical for R01)
- Power analyses for sample sizes
- Statistical analysis plans
- Rigor of prior research cited
---
### NIH Biographical Sketch (5 pages)
**Sections** (NIH format):
1. **Personal Statement** (4 sentences explaining why you're suited)
2. **Positions, Honors, and Scientific Appointments**
3. **Contributions to Science** (Up to 5 contributions, up to 4 pubs each)
4. **Research Support** (current and completed grants, overlap checked)
**Format**: Must use NIH template (fillable PDF or format page)
---
### NIH Review Criteria
**Scored Criteria** (1-9 scale, 1=best):
1. **Significance**: Importance, impact
2. **Investigator(s)**: Qualifications, track record
3. **Innovation**: Novel concepts, methods
4. **Approach**: Feasibility, rigor, design
5. **Environment**: Institutional support, resources
**Additional Considerations** (not scored but noted):
- Vertebrate animals
- Biohazards
- Human subjects protections
- Inclusion of women, minorities, children
- Budget appropriateness
**Overall Impact Score**: 1-9 (synthesizes all criteria)
---
### NIH R21 (Exploratory Grant)
**Key Differences from R01**:
- **Research Strategy**: 6 pages (vs. 12 for R01)
- **Duration**: 2 years maximum
- **Budget**: $275K total costs over 2 years
- **Preliminary data**: Not required (exploratory nature)
- **Purpose**: High-risk, high-reward projects; new directions
**When to Choose R21 vs. R01**:
- R21: Early-stage, limited preliminary data, high-risk
- R01: Established line of research, strong preliminary data
---
### NIH K Awards (Career Development)
**Mechanisms**:
- **K01**: Mentored Research Scientist Development Award
- **K08**: Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award
- **K23**: Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award
- **K99/R00**: Pathway to Independence Award (postdoc to faculty)
**Key Components**:
- **Career Development Plan**: Training goals, timeline
- **Research Plan**: 6-12 pages (mechanism-dependent)
- **Mentor(s)**: Letters of support, mentoring plan
- **Institutional Commitment**: Environment, resources
- **Protected Time**: 75% research effort typical
---
### NIH Budget
**Modular vs. Detailed**:
- **Modular**: ≤$250K direct costs per year (25K increments)
- **Detailed**: >$250K direct costs per year
**Modular Budget**: Only need budget justification for personnel, consortium, equipment >$25K
**Budget Period**: Year-by-year (usually 5 years for R01)
---
### NIH LaTeX Templates
- **R01 Full Proposal**: `assets/grants/nih_r01_template.tex`
- **Specific Aims**: `assets/grants/nih_specific_aims.tex`
- **Biographical Sketch**: Use NIH fillable PDF or format page
**Resources**:
- NIH Application Guide: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/how-to-apply-application-guide.html
- SF424 Forms: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/how-to-apply-application-guide/forms-e/general-forms-e.pdf
---
## DOE (Department of Energy)
### Overview
**Agency**: U.S. Department of Energy
**Offices**:
- **Office of Science**: Basic research (BES, BER, ASCR, NP, HEP, FES)
- **ARPA-E**: High-risk, high-reward energy technologies
- **EERE**: Energy efficiency and renewable energy
**Typical Award**: $200K-$1M per year, 3 years
**Success Rate**: 10-30% (varies by program)
---
### DOE Office of Science Proposal
**Page Limits** (typical, varies by FOA):
| Component | Page Limit | Format |
|-----------|-----------|--------|
| **Project Narrative** | 10-20 pages | Times 11pt, 1" margins |
| **References** | No limit | |
| **Budget Justification** | 3-5 pages | |
| **Biographical Sketches** | 2-3 pages each | |
| **Current & Pending** | No limit | |
| **Facilities & Resources** | No limit | |
| **Data Management Plan** | 2 pages | |
---
### DOE Project Narrative Structure
**Typical Sections**:
1. **Background and Significance** (2-3 pages)
- Energy relevance
- Current state of knowledge
- Research need
2. **Preliminary Work** (1-2 pages)
- Team's qualifications
- Relevant prior results
3. **Research Plan** (10-15 pages)
- **Objectives**: Clear goals
- **Technical approach**: Detailed methods
- **Milestones and deliverables**: Specific, measurable
- **Timeline**: Gantt chart common
- **Team and management**: Roles, collaboration
4. **Broader Impacts** (1-2 pages)
- Workforce development
- Technology transfer potential
- Publications and dissemination
---
### DOE-Specific Requirements
**Energy Relevance**: Must clearly tie to DOE mission
- Basic science: Fundamental understanding for energy applications
- Applied: Energy efficiency, renewable energy, grid, storage
**Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)**: Often required to specify
- **TRL 1-3**: Basic research, proof of concept
- **TRL 4-6**: Component/subsystem validation
- **TRL 7-9**: System demonstration, deployment
**National Laboratory Collaboration**: Encouraged
- Include lab scientists as co-PIs or collaborators
- Letter of collaboration from lab
**Cost Sharing**: Sometimes required (check FOA)
- Can be in-kind (equipment, time)
- Must be documented
---
### DOE Budget Considerations
**Allowable Costs**:
- Personnel (salaries, benefits)
- Equipment
- Travel (especially to DOE national labs)
- Materials and supplies
- Subcontracts
- Indirect costs (negotiated F&A rate)
**Unallowable**:
- Construction
- Entertainment
- Some indirect costs (depends on institution type)
---
### DOE LaTeX Template
**Template**: `assets/grants/doe_proposal_template.tex`
**Resources**:
- DOE Office of Science Funding: https://science.osti.gov/grants
- EERE Funding: https://www.energy.gov/eere/funding/eere-funding-opportunities
---
## DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
### Overview
**Agency**: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD)
**Mission**: High-risk, high-reward research for national security
**Typical Award**: $500K-$5M per year, 2-4 years
**Success Rate**: 5-15% (highly competitive)
---
### DARPA BAA (Broad Agency Announcement) Response
**Page Limits** (typical, varies by BAA):
| Component | Page Limit | Format |
|-----------|-----------|--------|
| **Technical and Management Proposal** | 20-25 pages | Times 12pt, 1" margins |
| **Cost Proposal** | Separate volume | |
---
### DARPA Technical Proposal Structure
**Key Sections**:
1. **Executive Summary** (1 page)
- Vision and impact
- Technical approach overview
- Team qualifications
2. **Heilmeier Catechism** (1-2 pages)
DARPA requires answering these questions:
- **What are you trying to do?** Articulate objectives without jargon
- **How is it done today? Limitations?** Current practice and shortcomings
- **What is new in your approach?** Innovation
- **Who cares?** Impact if successful
- **If successful, what difference will it make?** Transformation
- **What are the risks?** Technical risks and mitigation
- **How much will it cost?** Budget overview
- **How long will it take?** Timeline
- **What are the mid-term and final exams?** Milestones for success
3. **Technical Approach** (10-15 pages)
- Detailed technical plan
- Task breakdown
- Risk mitigation
- Innovation justification
4. **Management Plan** (2-3 pages)
- Team organization
- Key personnel roles
- Collaboration approach
- Milestone schedule (Gantt chart)
5. **Capabilities and Experience** (2-3 pages)
- Team qualifications
- Relevant facilities and equipment
- Similar past programs
6. **Transition Plan** (1-2 pages)
- Path to DoD transition
- End users identified
- Technology transfer approach
---
### DARPA-Specific Considerations
**Engagement with Program Manager (PM)**:
- **Strongly encouraged** to contact PM before submission
- Discuss idea alignment with program goals
- PM can provide feedback on approach
**Transformative Impact**:
- Must demonstrate potential for "game-changing" impact
- Not incremental improvements
**Technical Risk**:
- High-risk approaches acceptable (even encouraged)
- Must show mitigation strategies
**National Security Relevance**:
- Clear connection to defense applications
- Dual-use (civilian + military) often valuable
**Metrics for Success**:
- Quantifiable milestones
- "Go/no-go" decision points
---
### DARPA Budget
**Full Cost Accounting**: Detailed justification required
- **Labor**: Hourly rates, hours per task
- **Materials**: Itemized
- **Equipment**: Justification for purchases
- **Travel**: Specific trips with purpose
- **Subcontracts**: Detailed subcontract budgets
- **Indirect Costs**: Negotiated rates
**Cost Realism**: Budget must be realistic for proposed work
---
### DARPA LaTeX Template
**Template**: `assets/grants/darpa_baa_response.tex`
**Resources**:
- DARPA Opportunities: https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/opportunities
- BAA Listings: SAM.gov (formerly FedBizOpps)
---
## Private Foundations
### Gates Foundation
**Focus Areas**: Global health, poverty alleviation, education
**Typical Award**: Varies widely ($100K to $10M+)
**Proposal Requirements**:
- **Letter of Inquiry** (2-3 pages): Initial screening
- **Full Proposal** (if invited): 10-15 pages
- **Theory of Change**: How intervention leads to impact
- **Monitoring & Evaluation**: Metrics, data collection
**Key Emphases**:
- Scalability and sustainability
- Impact in low-resource settings
- Partnerships with local organizations
- Data-driven decision making
---
### Wellcome Trust
**Focus**: Biomedical research, global health
**Geographic**: UK and international
**Typical Award**: £100K to £5M
**Proposal Format** (varies by scheme):
- **Investigator Awards**: Track record and research vision
- **Project Grants**: Specific research project
- **Career Development**: Early/mid-career researchers
**Requirements**:
- Research plan
- Track record
- Value for money justification
- Patient and public involvement
---
### Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
**Type**: Investigator appointments (not grants)
**Award**: ~$9M over 7 years (renewable)
**Focus**: Biomedical research, early-career scientists
**Selection**:
- Nomination by institution
- Track record of innovation
- Research vision for next 5-7 years
- Scientific leadership potential
---
### Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI)
**Focus**: Science, education, justice & opportunity
**Award Types**:
- **Imaging**: Advanced imaging technologies
- **Neurodegeneration Challenge**: AD, ALS, PD, FTD
- **Single-Cell Biology**: Tools and resources
**Emphasis**:
- Open science (data sharing, open-source)
- Collaboration across institutions
- Technology development
- Diversity and inclusion
---
## Quick Reference Table
| Agency | Typical Award | Duration | Key Criteria | Template |
|--------|--------------|----------|--------------|----------|
| **NSF** | $100K-500K/yr | 3-5 yrs | Intellectual Merit + Broader Impacts | `nsf_proposal_template.tex` |
| **NIH R01** | $250K-500K/yr | 5 yrs | Significance, Innovation, Approach | `nih_r01_template.tex` |
| **NIH R21** | $275K total | 2 yrs | Exploratory, high-risk | `nih_r21_template.tex` |
| **DOE** | $200K-1M/yr | 3 yrs | Energy relevance, TRLs | `doe_proposal_template.tex` |
| **DARPA** | $500K-5M/yr | 2-4 yrs | Transformative, Heilmeier | `darpa_baa_response.tex` |
---
## General Best Practices
### Writing Effective Proposals
1. **Start early**: 2-3 months minimum
2. **Read the call carefully**: Follow requirements exactly
3. **Know your reviewers**: Write for expert audience
4. **Tell a story**: Compelling narrative with clear logic
5. **Be specific**: Concrete objectives, methods, outcomes
6. **Show feasibility**: Preliminary data, expertise
7. **Address weaknesses**: Acknowledge and mitigate risks
### Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. **Vague objectives**: "Understand X" → "Determine whether X causes Y"
2. **Lack of innovation**: Incremental vs. transformative
3. **Poor broader impacts** (NSF): Generic, unintegrated
4. **Weak specific aims** (NIH): Most critical page!
5. **Missing preliminary data**: Show feasibility
6. **Unrealistic timeline**: Be honest about what's achievable
7. **Formatting violations**: Auto-rejection possible
8. **Typos and errors**: Suggests lack of care
### Timeline for Proposal Development
**3 months before deadline**:
- Identify opportunity
- Assemble team
- Outline aims/objectives
**2 months before**:
- Draft aims/objectives
- Preliminary budget
- Contact program officer (if allowed)
**1 month before**:
- Full first draft
- Internal review
- Revise based on feedback
**2 weeks before**:
- Final revisions
- Proofread carefully
- Assemble all documents
**1 week before**:
- Institutional review/approval
- Budget finalization
- Submission system upload
**2 days before**:
- Final check
- Submit (don't wait until deadline!)
---
## Resources
### Grant Writing Guides
- NSF PAPPG: https://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=pappg
- NIH Application Guide: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/how-to-apply-application-guide.html
- GrantForward (database): https://www.grantforward.com/
- Pivot (database): https://pivot.proquest.com/
### Institutional Resources
- Office of Sponsored Research (OSR)
- Grant writing workshops
- Internal mock reviews
- Budget/compliance offices
---
## Summary
**Key Takeaways**:
1. **Know the agency**: Different missions, different emphases
2. **Follow the rules**: Page limits, fonts, margins strictly enforced
3. **Tell a compelling story**: Clear problem, innovative solution, feasible plan
4. **Demonstrate impact**: Intellectual merit (NSF/NIH) or mission relevance (DOE/DARPA)
5. **Show feasibility**: Preliminary data, team expertise, resources
6. **Budget realistically**: Justify all costs
7. **Proofread carefully**: Typos undermine credibility
8. **Submit early**: Technical glitches happen
**Remember**: Grant writing is a skill developed over time. Seek feedback, revise, and persist!

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
# Journal Formatting Requirements
Comprehensive formatting requirements and submission guidelines for major scientific journals across disciplines.
**Last Updated**: 2024
---
## Nature Portfolio
### Nature
**Journal Type**: Top-tier multidisciplinary science journal
**Publisher**: Nature Publishing Group
**Impact Factor**: ~64 (varies by year)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: Articles ~3,000 words (excluding Methods, References, Figure Legends)
- **Structure**: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract (≤200 words), Main text, Methods, References, Acknowledgements, Author Contributions, Competing Interests, Figure Legends
- **Format**: Single column for submission (final published version is two-column)
- **Font**: Any standard font (Times, Arial, Helvetica), 12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
- **Margins**: 2.5 cm (1 inch) all sides
- **Page numbers**: Required on all pages
- **Citations**: Numbered sequentially in superscript¹'²'³
- **References**: Nature style (abbreviated journal names)
- Format: Author, A. A., Author, B. B. & Author, C. C. Article title. *Journal Abbrev.* **vol**, pages (year).
- Example: Watson, J. D. & Crick, F. H. C. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. *Nature* **171**, 737738 (1953).
- **Figures**:
- Format: TIFF, EPS, PDF (vector preferred)
- Resolution: 300-600 dpi for photos, 1000 dpi for line art
- Color: RGB or CMYK
- Size: Fit to single column (89 mm) or double column (183 mm)
- Legends: Provided separately, not embedded in figure
- **Tables**: Editable format (Word, Excel), not as images
- **Supplementary Info**: Unlimited, PDF format preferred
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/nature_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://www.nature.com/nature/for-authors
---
### Nature Communications
**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary journal
**Publisher**: Nature Publishing Group
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: No strict limit (typically 5,000-8,000 words)
- **Structure**: Same as Nature (Title, Abstract, Main text, Methods, References, etc.)
- **Format**: Single column
- **Font**: Times New Roman, Arial, or similar, 12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
- **Margins**: 2.5 cm all sides
- **Citations**: Numbered sequentially in superscript
- **References**: Nature style (same as Nature)
- **Figures**: Same requirements as Nature
- **Tables**: Same requirements as Nature
- **Open Access**: All articles are open access (APC applies)
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/nature_communications.tex`
---
### Nature Methods, Nature Biotechnology, Nature Machine Intelligence
**Formatting**: Same as Nature Communications (Nature family journals share similar formatting)
**Discipline-Specific Notes**:
- **Nature Methods**: Emphasize methodological innovation and validation
- **Nature Biotechnology**: Focus on biotechnology applications and translation
- **Nature Machine Intelligence**: AI/ML applications across disciplines
---
## Science Family
### Science
**Journal Type**: Top-tier multidisciplinary science journal
**Publisher**: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**:
- Research Articles: 2,500 words (text only, excluding refs/figs)
- Reports: 2,500 words maximum
- **Structure**: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract (≤125 words), Main text, Materials and Methods, References, Acknowledgments, Supplementary Materials
- **Format**: Single column for submission
- **Font**: Times New Roman, 12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
- **Margins**: 1 inch all sides
- **Citations**: Numbered sequentially in parentheses (1, 2, 3)
- **References**: Science style (no article titles in main refs, moved to supplementary)
- Format: A. Author, B. Author, *Journal Abbrev.* **vol**, pages (year).
- Example: J. D. Watson, F. H. C. Crick, *Nature* **171**, 737 (1953).
- **Figures**:
- Format: PDF, EPS, TIFF
- Resolution: 300 dpi minimum
- Color: RGB
- Size: Maximum width 9 cm (single column) or 18.3 cm (double column)
- Figures count toward page limit
- **Tables**: Include in main text or as separate files
- **Supplementary Materials**: Extensive materials allowed
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/science_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-authors
---
### Science Advances
**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary journal
**Publisher**: AAAS
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: No strict word limit (but concise writing encouraged)
- **Structure**: Similar to Science (more flexible)
- **Format**: Single column
- **Font**: Times New Roman, 12pt
- **Citations**: Numbered in parentheses
- **References**: Science style
- **Figures**: Same as Science
- **Open Access**: All articles open access
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/science_advances.tex`
---
## PLOS (Public Library of Science)
### PLOS ONE
**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary journal
**Publisher**: Public Library of Science
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: No maximum length
- **Structure**: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions (optional), References, Supporting Information
- **Format**: Editable file (LaTeX, Word, RTF)
- **Font**: Times, Arial, or Helvetica, 10-12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
- **Margins**: 1 inch (2.54 cm) all sides
- **Page numbers**: Required
- **Citations**: Vancouver style, numbered in brackets [1], [2], [3]
- **References**: Vancouver/NLM format
- Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Article title. Journal Abbrev. Year;vol(issue):pages. doi:xx.xxxx
- Example: Watson JD, Crick FHC. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature. 1953;171(4356):737-738.
- **Figures**:
- Format: TIFF, EPS, PDF, PNG
- Resolution: 300-600 dpi
- Color: RGB
- Legends: Provided in main text after references
- **Tables**: Editable format, one per page
- **Data Availability**: Statement required
- **Open Access**: All articles open access (APC applies)
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/plos_one.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines
---
### PLOS Biology, PLOS Computational Biology, etc.
**Formatting**: Similar to PLOS ONE with discipline-specific variations
**Key Differences**:
- PLOS Biology: More selective, emphasizes broad significance
- PLOS Comp Bio: Focus on computational methods and models
---
## Cell Press
### Cell
**Journal Type**: Top-tier biology journal
**Publisher**: Cell Press (Elsevier)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**:
- Articles: ~5,000 words (excluding Methods, References)
- Short Articles: ~2,500 words
- **Structure**: Summary (≤150 words), Keywords, Introduction, Results, Discussion, Experimental Procedures, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions, Declaration of Interests, References
- **Format**: Double-spaced
- **Font**: 12pt
- **Margins**: 1 inch all sides
- **Citations**: Author-year format (Smith et al., 2023)
- **References**: Cell style
- Format: Author, A.A., and Author, B.B. (Year). Title. *Journal* vol, pages.
- Example: Watson, J.D., and Crick, F.H. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids. *Nature* 171, 737-738.
- **Figures**:
- Format: TIFF, EPS preferred
- Resolution: 300 dpi photos, 1000 dpi line art
- Color: RGB or CMYK
- Multipanel figures common
- **Tables**: Editable format
- **eTOC Blurb**: 30-50 word summary required
- **Graphical Abstract**: Required
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/cell_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://www.cell.com/cell/authors
---
### Neuron, Immunity, Molecular Cell, Developmental Cell
**Formatting**: Similar to Cell with discipline-specific expectations
---
## IEEE Transactions
### IEEE Transactions on [Various Topics]
**Journal Type**: Engineering and computer science journals
**Publisher**: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: Varies by transaction (typically 8-12 pages in final format)
- **Structure**: Abstract, Index Terms, Introduction, [Body sections], Conclusion, Acknowledgment, References, Biographies
- **Format**: Two-column
- **Font**: Times New Roman, 10pt
- **Column spacing**: 0.17 inch (4.23 mm)
- **Margins**:
- Top: 19 mm (0.75 in)
- Bottom: 25 mm (1 in)
- Side: 17 mm (0.67 in)
- **Citations**: Numbered in square brackets [1], [2], [3]
- **References**: IEEE style
- Format: [1] A. A. Author, "Title of paper," *Journal Abbrev.*, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Mon. Year.
- Example: [1] J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick, "Molecular structure of nucleic acids," *Nature*, vol. 171, pp. 737-738, Apr. 1953.
- **Figures**:
- Format: EPS, PDF (vector), TIFF (raster)
- Resolution: 600-1200 dpi line art, 300 dpi grayscale/color
- Color: RGB for online, CMYK for print if needed
- Position: Top or bottom of column
- **Tables**: LaTeX table environment, positioned at top/bottom
- **Equations**: Numbered consecutively
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/ieee_trans.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/
---
### IEEE Access
**Journal Type**: Open-access multidisciplinary engineering journal
**Publisher**: IEEE
**Formatting**: Similar to IEEE Transactions
- **Length**: No page limits
- **Open Access**: All articles open access
- **Rapid publication**: Faster review than Transactions
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/ieee_access.tex`
---
## ACM Publications
### ACM Transactions
**Journal Type**: Computer science transactions
**Publisher**: Association for Computing Machinery
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: No strict limit
- **Structure**: Abstract, CCS Concepts, Keywords, ACM Reference Format, Introduction, [Body], Conclusion, Acknowledgments, References
- **Format**: Two-column (final), single-column for submission OK
- **Font**: Depends on template (usually 9-10pt)
- **Class**: Use `acmart` LaTeX document class
- **Citations**: Numbered [1] or author-year depending on venue
- **References**: ACM style
- Format: Author. Year. Title. Journal vol, issue (Year), pages. DOI
- Example: James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick. 1953. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 171, 4356 (1953), 737-738. https://doi.org/10.1038/171737a0
- **Figures**: EPS, PDF (vector preferred), high-resolution raster
- **CCS Concepts**: Required (ACM Computing Classification System)
- **Keywords**: Required
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/acm_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://www.acm.org/publications/authors
---
## Springer Journals
### General Springer Journals
**Publisher**: Springer Nature
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: Varies by journal (check specific journal)
- **Format**: Single column for submission (LaTeX or Word)
- **Font**: 10-12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double or 1.5
- **Citations**: Numbered or author-year (varies by journal)
- **References**: Springer style (similar to Vancouver or author-year)
- Numbered: Author AA, Author BB (Year) Title. Journal vol:pages
- Author-year: Author AA, Author BB (Year) Title. Journal vol:pages
- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS, PDF; 300+ dpi
- **Tables**: Editable format
- **Document Class**: `svjour3` for many Springer journals
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/springer_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: Varies by specific journal
---
## Elsevier Journals
### General Elsevier Journals
**Publisher**: Elsevier
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: Varies widely by journal
- **Format**: Single column (LaTeX or Word)
- **Font**: 12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double-spaced
- **Citations**: Numbered or author-year (check journal guide)
- **References**: Style varies by journal (Harvard, Vancouver, numbered)
- Check specific journal's "Guide for Authors"
- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS; 300+ dpi
- **Tables**: Editable format
- **Document Class**: `elsarticle` LaTeX class
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/elsevier_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://www.elsevier.com/authors (select specific journal)
---
## BMC Journals
### BMC Biology, BMC Bioinformatics, etc.
**Publisher**: BioMed Central (Springer Nature)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: No maximum length
- **Structure**: Abstract (structured), Keywords, Background, [Methods/Results/Discussion], Conclusions, Abbreviations, Declarations (Ethics, Consent, Availability, Competing interests, Funding, Authors' contributions, Acknowledgements), References
- **Format**: Single column
- **Font**: Arial or Times, 12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double
- **Citations**: Vancouver style, numbered in brackets [1]
- **References**: Vancouver/NLM format
- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS, PNG; 300+ dpi
- **Tables**: Editable
- **Open Access**: All BMC journals are open access
- **Data Availability**: Statement required
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/bmc_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://www.biomedcentral.com/getpublished
---
## Frontiers Journals
### Frontiers in [Various Topics]
**Publisher**: Frontiers Media
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: Varies by article type (Research Article ~12 pages, Brief Research Report ~4 pages)
- **Structure**: Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Data Availability Statement, Ethics Statement, Author Contributions, Funding, Acknowledgments, Conflict of Interest, References
- **Format**: Single column
- **Font**: Times New Roman, 12pt
- **Line spacing**: Double
- **Citations**: Numbered (Frontiers style)
- **References**: Frontiers format
- Format: Author A., Author B., Author C. (Year). Title. *Journal Abbrev.* vol:pages. doi
- Example: Watson J. D., Crick F. H. C. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids. *Nature* 171:737-738. doi:10.1038/171737a0
- **Figures**: TIFF, EPS; 300 dpi minimum
- **Tables**: Editable
- **Open Access**: All Frontiers journals are open access
- **Figure Legends**: Detailed, 350 words max per figure
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/frontiers_article.tex`
**Author Guidelines**: https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines
---
## Specialized Journals
### PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: 6 pages (text, figures, tables combined)
- **Abstract**: 250 words max
- **Significance Statement**: 120 words max (required)
- **Structure**: Abstract, Significance, Main text, Materials and Methods, Acknowledgments, References
- **Format**: Single column
- **Citations**: Numbered
- **References**: PNAS style
- **LaTeX Class**: `pnas-new`
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/pnas_article.tex`
---
### Physical Review Letters (PRL)
**Publisher**: American Physical Society
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: 4 pages (including figures and references)
- **Format**: Two-column (REVTeX 4.2)
- **Abstract**: No more than 600 characters
- **Citations**: Numbered
- **References**: APS style
- **Document Class**: `revtex4-2`
**LaTeX Template**: `assets/journals/prl_article.tex`
---
### New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: Original Articles ~3,000 words
- **Structure**: Abstract (structured, 250 words), Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, References
- **Format**: Double-spaced
- **Citations**: Numbered
- **References**: NEJM style (modified Vancouver)
- **Figures**: High resolution, professional quality
- **Word submission preferred** (LaTeX less common)
---
### The Lancet
**Formatting Requirements**:
- **Length**: Articles ~3,000 words
- **Abstract**: Structured, 300 words
- **Structure**: Panel (summary box), Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, References
- **Citations**: Numbered
- **References**: Lancet style (modified Vancouver)
- **Word preferred** for submission
---
## Quick Reference Table
| Journal | Max Length | Format | Citations | Template |
|---------|-----------|--------|-----------|----------|
| **Nature** | ~3,000 words | Single col | Superscript | `nature_article.tex` |
| **Science** | 2,500 words | Single col | (1) brackets | `science_article.tex` |
| **PLOS ONE** | Unlimited | Single col | [1] Vancouver | `plos_one.tex` |
| **Cell** | ~5,000 words | Double sp | (Author, year) | `cell_article.tex` |
| **IEEE Trans** | 8-12 pages | Two col | [1] IEEE | `ieee_trans.tex` |
| **ACM Trans** | Variable | Two col | [1] or author-yr | `acm_article.tex` |
| **Springer** | Variable | Single col | Numbered/author-yr | `springer_article.tex` |
| **BMC** | Unlimited | Single col | [1] Vancouver | `bmc_article.tex` |
| **Frontiers** | ~12 pages | Single col | Numbered | `frontiers_article.tex` |
---
## Notes
1. **Always check official guidelines**: Journal requirements change; verify before submission
2. **Template currency**: These templates are updated regularly but may lag official changes
3. **Supplementary materials**: Most journals allow extensive supplementary materials
4. **Preprint policies**: Check journal's preprint policy (most allow arXiv, bioRxiv)
5. **Open access options**: Many subscription journals offer open access for a fee
6. **LaTeX vs. Word**: Most journals accept both; LaTeX preferred for math-heavy content
## Getting Official Templates
Many journals provide official LaTeX templates:
- **Nature**: Download from journal website
- **IEEE**: IEEEtran class (widely available)
- **ACM**: acmart class (CTAN)
- **Elsevier**: elsarticle class (CTAN)
- **Springer**: svjour3 class (journal website)
Check journal's "For Authors" or "Submit" page for the most current templates.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
# Research Poster Guidelines
Comprehensive guidelines for creating effective academic research posters including sizing, layout, typography, and design best practices.
**Last Updated**: 2024
---
## Standard Poster Sizes
### International Sizes (ISO 216)
| Size | Dimensions (mm) | Dimensions (inches) | Common Use |
|------|----------------|---------------------|------------|
| **A0** | 841 × 1189 | 33.1 × 46.8 | Most common international standard |
| **A1** | 594 × 841 | 23.4 × 33.1 | Smaller conferences, travel-friendly |
| **A2** | 420 × 594 | 16.5 × 23.4 | Mini posters, small venues |
### US Sizes
| Size | Dimensions (inches) | Dimensions (mm) | Common Use |
|------|-------------------|-----------------|------------|
| **36" × 48"** | 36 × 48 | 914 × 1219 | Common US conference size (portrait) |
| **42" × 56"** | 42 × 56 | 1067 × 1422 | Large format US posters |
| **48" × 36"** | 48 × 36 | 1219 × 914 | Landscape orientation |
| **48" × 96"** | 48 × 96 | 1219 × 2438 | Extra-wide format |
### Other Common Sizes
| Size | Dimensions | Notes |
|------|-----------|-------|
| **90 cm × 120 cm** | 900 × 1200 mm / 35.4 × 47.2 in | Common in Europe |
| **40" × 30"** | 1016 × 762 mm | Landscape format |
| **3 ft × 4 ft** | 914 × 1219 mm / 36 × 48 in | Same as 36×48 |
### Orientation
- **Portrait**: Most common (height > width)
- Better for long visual flows (top to bottom)
- Examples: A0, 36"×48"
- **Landscape**: Less common but sometimes preferred
- Better for wide content, timelines
- Examples: 48"×36", 40"×30"
**Always verify**: Check conference specifications before designing!
---
## Typography and Font Sizes
### Recommended Font Sizes by Distance
Posters are viewed from 3-6 feet (1-2 meters) away:
| Element | Size Range | Recommended |
|---------|-----------|-------------|
| **Title** | 60-85 pt | 72-85 pt |
| **Author Names** | 48-60 pt | 54 pt |
| **Affiliations** | 32-40 pt | 36 pt |
| **Section Headers** | 36-48 pt | 42 pt |
| **Body Text** | 24-32 pt | 28 pt |
| **Figure Captions** | 20-24 pt | 22 pt |
| **References** | 18-22 pt | 20 pt |
### Font Families
**Sans-Serif (Recommended for Posters)**:
- Arial
- Helvetica
- Calibri
- Futura
- Gill Sans
- **Why**: Clean, readable at distance
**Serif (Use Sparingly)**:
- Times New Roman
- Georgia
- Palatino
- **When**: Body text if preferred, but sans-serif better for headers
**Monospace**:
- Courier New
- Consolas
- **When**: Code snippets only
### Typography Best Practices
1. **Limit fonts**: Use 1-2 font families maximum
2. **Hierarchy**: Establish clear size hierarchy
3. **Weight**: Use bold for emphasis, not italics
4. **Alignment**: Left-align body text, center title
5. **Spacing**: Generous line spacing (1.2-1.5)
6. **Consistency**: Same fonts for similar elements
---
## Layout and Design Principles
### Grid-Based Layouts
**Column Structures**:
| Layout | Columns | Best For |
|--------|---------|----------|
| **Single Column** | 1 | Simple, linear flow; timeline posters |
| **Two Column** | 2 | Most common; balanced layout |
| **Three Column** | 3 | Dense content; multi-part studies |
| **Four Column** | 4 | Very dense; avoid if possible |
**Recommended**: **2 or 3 columns** for most research posters
### Visual Flow
**Reading Order** (Western conventions):
1. Top to bottom
2. Left to right
3. Z-pattern or F-pattern
**Section Ordering** (typical):
```
+----------------------------------+
| TITLE |
| Authors, Affiliations |
+----------------------------------+
| Introduction | Results |
| | |
| Methods | Discussion |
| | |
| [Optional] | Conclusions |
+----------------------------------+
| References / QR Code |
+----------------------------------+
```
### Spacing and Margins
- **Outer margins**: 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) all sides
- **Column spacing**: 0.5-1 inch (1.3-2.5 cm)
- **Inter-section spacing**: 0.5-1 inch
- **White space**: 30-40% of poster should be white space
**Avoid**: Dense, text-heavy layouts with minimal white space
---
## Color Schemes
### Colorblind-Safe Palettes
Use colorblind-friendly color combinations:
**Okabe-Ito Palette** (Recommended):
- Orange: `#E69F00`
- Sky Blue: `#56B4E9`
- Bluish Green: `#009E73`
- Yellow: `#F0E442`
- Blue: `#0072B2`
- Vermillion: `#D55E00`
- Reddish Purple: `#CC79A7`
- Black: `#000000`
- Gray: `#999999`
**Viridis Palette** (sequential):
- Good for heatmaps and gradients
- Colorblind-safe and perceptually uniform
### Color Usage Guidelines
**Background**:
- **White or light gray**: Most common, professional
- **Light colored**: Pale blue, beige (use cautiously)
- **Avoid dark backgrounds**: Harder to read, expensive to print
**Text**:
- **Dark on light**: Black or dark gray text on white/light backgrounds
- **Contrast ratio**: At least 4.5:1 (WCAG AA standard)
**Accent Colors**:
- Use 2-3 accent colors maximum
- Section headers, key findings
- Consistent throughout poster
**Figures**:
- Colorblind-safe palettes
- Sufficient contrast
- Test in grayscale
### Color Contrast Tools
- WebAIM Contrast Checker: https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
- Coblis (Color Blindness Simulator): https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/
---
## Content Structure
### Essential Sections
#### 1. Title Section
- **Title**: Clear, specific, engaging
- **Authors**: Names (underline presenting author)
- **Affiliations**: Institutions, departments
- **Logo**: Institutional logo (corner)
- **Contact**: Email, QR code to paper/website
#### 2. Introduction/Background
- **Purpose**: Context and motivation
- **Length**: 100-200 words
- **Include**:
- Problem statement
- Research gap
- Objectives/hypothesis
#### 3. Methods
- **Purpose**: How you did the study
- **Format**:
- Bullet points preferred
- Flow diagram if complex
- Key parameters
- **Include**: Sample size, procedures, analysis
#### 4. Results
- **Purpose**: What you found
- **Format**: Primarily visual (figures, tables, charts)
- **Include**:
- Key findings (2-4 main results)
- Statistical significance
- Visual evidence
#### 5. Discussion/Conclusions
- **Purpose**: What it means
- **Length**: 100-200 words
- **Include**:
- Interpretation
- Implications
- Limitations
- Future work
#### 6. References
- **Format**: Small font, abbreviated citations
- **Include**: Key citations only (5-10)
- **Style**: Any consistent style
### Optional Sections
- **Abstract**: Sometimes included, often omitted
- **Acknowledgments**: Funding, collaborators
- **Future Work**: Next steps
---
## Visual Elements
### Figures and Plots
**Principles**:
1. **Simplify**: Remove clutter, emphasize key points
2. **Enlarge**: Make larger than in paper
3. **Label clearly**: Large axis labels, legends
4. **Standalone**: Each figure tells a complete story
5. **High resolution**: 300 dpi minimum
**Figure Types**:
- **Photographs**: High quality, cropped appropriately
- **Graphs**: Bar charts, line plots, scatter plots
- **Heatmaps**: Use colorblind-safe colormaps
- **Schematics**: Diagrams, flowcharts
- **Tables**: Simple tables (complex tables → figure)
### Tables
**When to Use**:
- Precise numerical values needed
- Comparisons across conditions
- Summary statistics
**Best Practices**:
- **Keep simple**: 3-5 columns, 5-10 rows maximum
- **Large fonts**: Same size as body text
- **Clear headers**: Bold column/row headers
- **Alternating rows**: Light shading for readability
- **Minimal lines**: Horizontal lines only (no vertical)
### Icons and Graphics
**Use**:
- Icons for visual interest (methods, concepts)
- Simple graphics to break text
- Arrows to guide flow
**Sources**:
- Noun Project: https://thenounproject.com/
- BioRender: https://biorender.com/ (scientific illustrations)
- Font Awesome: https://fontawesome.com/ (icons)
**Caution**: Don't overuse; maintain professionalism
---
## LaTeX Poster Packages
### beamerposter
**Description**: Extension of Beamer for posters
**Best For**: Academic conferences, classic layout
**Pros**:
- Familiar to Beamer users
- Clean, professional appearance
- Many themes available
**Cons**:
- Less flexible than tikzposter
- Can be verbose
**Template**: `assets/posters/beamerposter_academic.tex`
**Example Usage**:
```latex
\documentclass[final]{beamer}
\usepackage[size=a0,scale=1.24]{beamerposter}
\usetheme{Berlin}
```
---
### tikzposter
**Description**: Modern poster package using TikZ
**Best For**: Colorful, modern designs
**Pros**:
- Highly customizable
- Modern, attractive themes
- Block-based layout
**Cons**:
- Steeper learning curve
- Can be slow to compile
**Template**: `assets/posters/tikzposter_research.tex`
**Example Usage**:
```latex
\documentclass[25pt, a0paper, portrait]{tikzposter}
\usetheme{Autumn}
\usecolorstyle{Denmark}
```
---
### baposter
**Description**: Box-and-poster system
**Best For**: Structured, multi-column layouts
**Pros**:
- Excellent column control
- Header boxes, structured layout
- Good for dense content
**Cons**:
- Complex syntax
- Less commonly used
**Template**: `assets/posters/baposter_conference.tex`
**Example Usage**:
```latex
\documentclass[a0paper,portrait]{baposter}
```
---
## Printing and File Preparation
### File Format
**For Printing**:
- **PDF**: Universal standard
- **High resolution**: 300 dpi minimum, 600 dpi for photos
- **Color space**: RGB for most printers (check with printer)
- **Embed fonts**: Ensure all fonts embedded
- **Flatten**: No transparency issues
### Print Quality Checks
Before printing:
1. **Proofread**: Check for typos, errors
2. **Colors**: Check in print preview
3. **Resolution**: Zoom to 100%, check figure quality
4. **Margins**: Verify nothing cut off
5. **Test print**: Print small version (A4) to check layout
### Print Providers
**Options**:
1. **University print shop**: Often cheapest, convenient
2. **FedEx Office**: Widely available
3. **Online services**:
- Vistaprint
- Printful
- Academic Poster Printing (specialized)
**Cost**: Typically $50-150 for A0 glossy poster
### Paper Types
| Paper Type | Description | Best For |
|-----------|-------------|----------|
| **Matte** | Non-reflective finish | Well-lit venues, minimal glare |
| **Glossy** | Shiny, vibrant colors | Photos, colorful figures |
| **Satin/Semi-gloss** | Between matte and glossy | Balanced option (recommended) |
| **Fabric** | Wrinkle-resistant, rollable | Travel, re-use |
**Recommendation**: **Satin or matte** for most academic posters
---
## QR Codes
### What to Include
Generate QR codes linking to:
- **Paper PDF**: Published or preprint
- **Supplementary materials**: Data, code, videos
- **Personal website**: Lab or researcher page
- **Video abstract**: 1-2 minute video summary
- **Online version**: Interactive poster
### Placement
- **Common locations**:
- Bottom right corner
- Next to references
- Near contact information
- **Size**: 3-4 inches (7-10 cm) square
- **Label**: "Scan for paper" or "More info"
### QR Code Generators
- QR Code Generator: https://www.qr-code-generator.com/
- QRStuff: https://www.qrstuff.com/
- LaTeX package: `qrcode` for generating in LaTeX
---
## Design Best Practices
### Do's
**Use large fonts** (28pt+ for body text)
**Keep text minimal** (30-40% of poster)
**Use visuals** (60-70% figures, plots, images)
**Tell a story** (clear narrative flow)
**Colorblind-safe colors**
**Test readability** (view from 6 feet away)
**Include contact info** (email, QR code)
**Proofread** (multiple times!)
### Don'ts
**Don't use small fonts** (<24pt body text)
**Don't overcrowd** (leave white space)
**Don't use complex tables** (simplify or visualize)
**Don't use full paragraphs** (use bullets)
**Don't use many fonts** (1-2 max)
**Don't use low-res images** (<300 dpi)
**Don't use red-green contrasts** (colorblind issue)
**Don't make it a paper** (posters ≠ papers)
---
## Poster Presentation Tips
### During the Poster Session
1. **Stand by your poster**: Be available, engaged
2. **Elevator pitch ready**: 1-2 minute summary prepared
3. **Different depths**: Short version (1 min), medium (3 min), deep dive (10 min)
4. **Engage visitors**: Ask questions, invite discussion
5. **Business cards**: Have them ready
6. **Notebook**: Record feedback, questions
7. **Handouts**: Optional 1-page summary (with QR code)
### Talking Through Your Poster
**30-second version**:
- What is the problem?
- What did you do?
- What did you find?
**2-minute version**:
- Background + motivation
- Methods (briefly)
- Key result (show main figure)
- Conclusion + implications
**5+ minute version**:
- Full walkthrough
- Address specific questions
- Discuss limitations, future work
---
## Accessibility Considerations
### Visual Accessibility
1. **Color contrast**: High contrast (4.5:1 minimum)
2. **Colorblind-safe**: Use Okabe-Ito or similar palettes
3. **Font size**: Large enough to read from distance
4. **Font choice**: Clear, sans-serif fonts
5. **Alt text**: Consider providing text description
### Physical Accessibility
1. **Mounting height**: Low enough for wheelchair users to read bottom
2. **QR codes**: Provide alternative (short URL, handout)
---
## Checklist Before Printing
- [ ] Proofread all text (typos, grammar)
- [ ] Check author names and affiliations
- [ ] Verify all figures are high resolution (300+ dpi)
- [ ] Ensure colorblind-safe color schemes
- [ ] Test readability from 6 feet away (print small version)
- [ ] Verify poster dimensions match conference requirements
- [ ] Check that fonts are embedded in PDF
- [ ] Include contact information (email, QR code)
- [ ] Add institutional logo
- [ ] Verify references are accurate
- [ ] Ensure figures have clear labels and captions
- [ ] Check that layout is not too dense (adequate white space)
- [ ] Verify QR codes work (test scan)
- [ ] Confirm file is high-resolution PDF
- [ ] Get feedback from colleagues
---
## Example Poster Layouts
### Layout 1: Two-Column (Recommended for Most)
```
+----------------------------------------+
| TITLE |
| Authors & Affiliations |
+----------------------------------------+
| INTRO | RESULTS |
| | |
| METHODS | RESULTS (cont.) |
| | |
| | DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS |
+----------------------------------------+
| REFERENCES | QR CODE |
+----------------------------------------+
```
### Layout 2: Three-Column
```
+---------------------------------------+
| TITLE |
| Authors & Affiliations |
+---------------------------------------+
| INTRO | RESULTS | DISCUSSION |
| | | |
| METHOD | RESULTS | CONCLUSIONS |
| | | |
| | RESULTS | FUTURE WORK |
+---------------------------------------+
| REFERENCES | QR CODE |
+---------------------------------------+
```
### Layout 3: Horizontal Flow
```
+----------------------------------------+
| TITLE |
| Authors & Affiliations |
+----------------------------------------+
| INTRODUCTION | METHODS |
+----------------------------------------+
| RESULTS |
| (large figure spanning width) |
+----------------------------------------+
| DISCUSSION | CONCLUSIONS |
+----------------------------------------+
| REFERENCES | QR CODE |
+----------------------------------------+
```
---
## Resources
### LaTeX Templates
- `assets/posters/beamerposter_academic.tex`
- `assets/posters/tikzposter_research.tex`
- `assets/posters/baposter_conference.tex`
### Online Resources
- Better Posters Blog: https://betterposters.blogspot.com/
- Colorblind Safe Palettes: https://colorbrewer2.org/
- BioRender (scientific illustrations): https://biorender.com/
- Poster Design Guide (Colin Purrington): https://colinpurrington.com/tips/poster-design/
### Tools
- **Inkscape**: Free vector graphics editor
- **PowerPoint**: Surprisingly popular for posters
- **Illustrator**: Professional design tool
- **LaTeX**: Best for reproducibility, version control
---
## Summary
**Key Takeaways**:
1. **Size**: Verify conference requirements (typically A0 or 36"×48")
2. **Fonts**: Large (28pt+ body, 72pt+ title)
3. **Layout**: 2-3 columns, generous white space
4. **Visuals**: 60-70% visual content
5. **Colors**: Colorblind-safe, high contrast
6. **Content**: Tell a story, keep text minimal
7. **Quality**: 300+ dpi, test print
8. **Accessibility**: Readable from distance, clear hierarchy
**Remember**: A poster is **not a paper** - it's a visual summary designed to spark conversations!