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+---
+name: uspto-database
+description: "Access USPTO APIs for patent/trademark searches, examination history (PEDS), assignments, citations, office actions, TSDR, for IP analysis and prior art searches."
+---
+
+# USPTO Database
+
+## Overview
+
+USPTO provides specialized APIs for patent and trademark data. Search patents by keywords/inventors/assignees, retrieve examination history via PEDS, track assignments, analyze citations and office actions, access TSDR for trademarks, for IP analysis and prior art searches.
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+This skill should be used when:
+
+- **Patent Search**: Finding patents by keywords, inventors, assignees, classifications, or dates
+- **Patent Details**: Retrieving full patent data including claims, abstracts, citations
+- **Trademark Search**: Looking up trademarks by serial or registration number
+- **Trademark Status**: Checking trademark status, ownership, and prosecution history
+- **Examination History**: Accessing patent prosecution data from PEDS (Patent Examination Data System)
+- **Office Actions**: Retrieving office action text, citations, and rejections
+- **Assignments**: Tracking patent/trademark ownership transfers
+- **Citations**: Analyzing patent citations (forward and backward)
+- **Litigation**: Accessing patent litigation records
+- **Portfolio Analysis**: Analyzing patent/trademark portfolios for companies or inventors
+
+## USPTO API Ecosystem
+
+The USPTO provides multiple specialized APIs for different data needs:
+
+### Core APIs
+
+1. **PatentSearch API** - Modern ElasticSearch-based patent search (replaced legacy PatentsView in May 2025)
+   - Search patents by keywords, inventors, assignees, classifications, dates
+   - Access to patent data through June 30, 2025
+   - 45 requests/minute rate limit
+   - **Base URL**: `https://search.patentsview.org/api/v1/`
+
+2. **PEDS (Patent Examination Data System)** - Patent examination history
+   - Application status and transaction history from 1981-present
+   - Office action dates and examination events
+   - Use `uspto-opendata-python` Python library
+   - **Replaced**: PAIR Bulk Data (PBD) - decommissioned
+
+3. **TSDR (Trademark Status & Document Retrieval)** - Trademark data
+   - Trademark status, ownership, prosecution history
+   - Search by serial or registration number
+   - **Base URL**: `https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/`
+
+### Additional APIs
+
+4. **Patent Assignment Search** - Ownership records and transfers
+5. **Trademark Assignment Search** - Trademark ownership changes
+6. **Enriched Citation API** - Patent citation analysis
+7. **Office Action Text Retrieval** - Full text of office actions
+8. **Office Action Citations** - Citations from office actions
+9. **Office Action Rejection** - Rejection reasons and types
+10. **PTAB API** - Patent Trial and Appeal Board proceedings
+11. **Patent Litigation Cases** - Federal district court litigation data
+12. **Cancer Moonshot Data Set** - Cancer-related patents
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### API Key Registration
+
+All USPTO APIs require an API key. Register at:
+**https://account.uspto.gov/api-manager/**
+
+Set the API key as an environment variable:
+```bash
+export USPTO_API_KEY="your_api_key_here"
+```
+
+### Helper Scripts
+
+This skill includes Python scripts for common operations:
+
+- **`scripts/patent_search.py`** - PatentSearch API client for searching patents
+- **`scripts/peds_client.py`** - PEDS client for examination history
+- **`scripts/trademark_client.py`** - TSDR client for trademark data
+
+## Task 1: Searching Patents
+
+### Using the PatentSearch API
+
+The PatentSearch API uses a JSON query language with various operators for flexible searching.
+
+#### Basic Patent Search Examples
+
+**Search by keywords in abstract:**
+```python
+from scripts.patent_search import PatentSearchClient
+
+client = PatentSearchClient()
+
+# Search for machine learning patents
+results = client.search_patents({
+    "patent_abstract": {"_text_all": ["machine", "learning"]}
+})
+
+for patent in results['patents']:
+    print(f"{patent['patent_number']}: {patent['patent_title']}")
+```
+
+**Search by inventor:**
+```python
+results = client.search_by_inventor("John Smith")
+```
+
+**Search by assignee/company:**
+```python
+results = client.search_by_assignee("Google")
+```
+
+**Search by date range:**
+```python
+results = client.search_by_date_range("2024-01-01", "2024-12-31")
+```
+
+**Search by CPC classification:**
+```python
+results = client.search_by_classification("H04N")  # Video/image tech
+```
+
+#### Advanced Patent Search
+
+Combine multiple criteria with logical operators:
+
+```python
+results = client.advanced_search(
+    keywords=["artificial", "intelligence"],
+    assignee="Microsoft",
+    start_date="2023-01-01",
+    end_date="2024-12-31",
+    cpc_codes=["G06N", "G06F"]  # AI and computing classifications
+)
+```
+
+#### Direct API Usage
+
+For complex queries, use the API directly:
+
+```python
+import requests
+
+url = "https://search.patentsview.org/api/v1/patent"
+headers = {
+    "X-Api-Key": "YOUR_API_KEY",
+    "Content-Type": "application/json"
+}
+
+query = {
+    "q": {
+        "_and": [
+            {"patent_date": {"_gte": "2024-01-01"}},
+            {"assignee_organization": {"_text_any": ["Google", "Alphabet"]}},
+            {"cpc_subclass_id": ["G06N", "H04N"]}
+        ]
+    },
+    "f": ["patent_number", "patent_title", "patent_date", "inventor_name"],
+    "s": [{"patent_date": "desc"}],
+    "o": {"per_page": 100, "page": 1}
+}
+
+response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=query)
+results = response.json()
+```
+
+### Query Operators
+
+- **Equality**: `{"field": "value"}` or `{"field": {"_eq": "value"}}`
+- **Comparison**: `_gt`, `_gte`, `_lt`, `_lte`, `_neq`
+- **Text search**: `_text_all`, `_text_any`, `_text_phrase`
+- **String matching**: `_begins`, `_contains`
+- **Logical**: `_and`, `_or`, `_not`
+
+**Best Practice**: Use `_text_*` operators for text fields (more performant than `_contains` or `_begins`)
+
+### Available Patent Endpoints
+
+- `/patent` - Granted patents
+- `/publication` - Pregrant publications
+- `/inventor` - Inventor information
+- `/assignee` - Assignee information
+- `/cpc_subclass`, `/cpc_at_issue` - CPC classifications
+- `/uspc` - US Patent Classification
+- `/ipc` - International Patent Classification
+- `/claims`, `/brief_summary_text`, `/detail_description_text` - Text data (beta)
+
+### Reference Documentation
+
+See `references/patentsearch_api.md` for complete PatentSearch API documentation including:
+- All available endpoints
+- Complete field reference
+- Query syntax and examples
+- Response formats
+- Rate limits and best practices
+
+## Task 2: Retrieving Patent Examination Data
+
+### Using PEDS (Patent Examination Data System)
+
+PEDS provides comprehensive prosecution history including transaction events, status changes, and examination timeline.
+
+#### Installation
+
+```bash
+uv pip install uspto-opendata-python
+```
+
+#### Basic PEDS Usage
+
+**Get application data:**
+```python
+from scripts.peds_client import PEDSHelper
+
+helper = PEDSHelper()
+
+# By application number
+app_data = helper.get_application("16123456")
+print(f"Title: {app_data['title']}")
+print(f"Status: {app_data['app_status']}")
+
+# By patent number
+patent_data = helper.get_patent("11234567")
+```
+
+**Get transaction history:**
+```python
+transactions = helper.get_transaction_history("16123456")
+
+for trans in transactions:
+    print(f"{trans['date']}: {trans['code']} - {trans['description']}")
+```
+
+**Get office actions:**
+```python
+office_actions = helper.get_office_actions("16123456")
+
+for oa in office_actions:
+    if oa['code'] == 'CTNF':
+        print(f"Non-final rejection: {oa['date']}")
+    elif oa['code'] == 'CTFR':
+        print(f"Final rejection: {oa['date']}")
+    elif oa['code'] == 'NOA':
+        print(f"Notice of allowance: {oa['date']}")
+```
+
+**Get status summary:**
+```python
+summary = helper.get_status_summary("16123456")
+
+print(f"Current status: {summary['current_status']}")
+print(f"Filing date: {summary['filing_date']}")
+print(f"Pendency: {summary['pendency_days']} days")
+
+if summary['is_patented']:
+    print(f"Patent number: {summary['patent_number']}")
+    print(f"Issue date: {summary['issue_date']}")
+```
+
+#### Prosecution Analysis
+
+Analyze prosecution patterns:
+
+```python
+analysis = helper.analyze_prosecution("16123456")
+
+print(f"Total office actions: {analysis['total_office_actions']}")
+print(f"Non-final rejections: {analysis['non_final_rejections']}")
+print(f"Final rejections: {analysis['final_rejections']}")
+print(f"Allowed: {analysis['allowance']}")
+print(f"Responses filed: {analysis['responses']}")
+```
+
+### Common Transaction Codes
+
+- **CTNF** - Non-final rejection mailed
+- **CTFR** - Final rejection mailed
+- **NOA** - Notice of allowance mailed
+- **WRIT** - Response filed
+- **ISS.FEE** - Issue fee payment
+- **ABND** - Application abandoned
+- **AOPF** - Office action mailed
+
+### Reference Documentation
+
+See `references/peds_api.md` for complete PEDS documentation including:
+- All available data fields
+- Transaction code reference
+- Python library usage
+- Portfolio analysis examples
+
+## Task 3: Searching and Monitoring Trademarks
+
+### Using TSDR (Trademark Status & Document Retrieval)
+
+Access trademark status, ownership, and prosecution history.
+
+#### Basic Trademark Usage
+
+**Get trademark by serial number:**
+```python
+from scripts.trademark_client import TrademarkClient
+
+client = TrademarkClient()
+
+# By serial number
+tm_data = client.get_trademark_by_serial("87654321")
+
+# By registration number
+tm_data = client.get_trademark_by_registration("5678901")
+```
+
+**Get trademark status:**
+```python
+status = client.get_trademark_status("87654321")
+
+print(f"Mark: {status['mark_text']}")
+print(f"Status: {status['status']}")
+print(f"Filing date: {status['filing_date']}")
+
+if status['is_registered']:
+    print(f"Registration #: {status['registration_number']}")
+    print(f"Registration date: {status['registration_date']}")
+```
+
+**Check trademark health:**
+```python
+health = client.check_trademark_health("87654321")
+
+print(f"Mark: {health['mark']}")
+print(f"Status: {health['status']}")
+
+for alert in health['alerts']:
+    print(alert)
+
+if health['needs_attention']:
+    print("⚠️  This mark needs attention!")
+```
+
+#### Trademark Portfolio Monitoring
+
+Monitor multiple trademarks:
+
+```python
+def monitor_portfolio(serial_numbers, api_key):
+    """Monitor trademark portfolio health."""
+    client = TrademarkClient(api_key)
+
+    results = {
+        'active': [],
+        'pending': [],
+        'problems': []
+    }
+
+    for sn in serial_numbers:
+        health = client.check_trademark_health(sn)
+
+        if 'REGISTERED' in health['status']:
+            results['active'].append(health)
+        elif 'PENDING' in health['status'] or 'PUBLISHED' in health['status']:
+            results['pending'].append(health)
+        elif health['needs_attention']:
+            results['problems'].append(health)
+
+    return results
+```
+
+### Common Trademark Statuses
+
+- **REGISTERED** - Active registered mark
+- **PENDING** - Under examination
+- **PUBLISHED FOR OPPOSITION** - In opposition period
+- **ABANDONED** - Application abandoned
+- **CANCELLED** - Registration cancelled
+- **SUSPENDED** - Examination suspended
+- **REGISTERED AND RENEWED** - Registration renewed
+
+### Reference Documentation
+
+See `references/trademark_api.md` for complete trademark API documentation including:
+- TSDR API reference
+- Trademark Assignment Search API
+- All status codes
+- Prosecution history access
+- Ownership tracking
+
+## Task 4: Tracking Assignments and Ownership
+
+### Patent and Trademark Assignments
+
+Both patents and trademarks have Assignment Search APIs for tracking ownership changes.
+
+#### Patent Assignment API
+
+**Base URL**: `https://assignment-api.uspto.gov/patent/v1.4/`
+
+**Search by patent number:**
+```python
+import requests
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+def get_patent_assignments(patent_number, api_key):
+    url = f"https://assignment-api.uspto.gov/patent/v1.4/assignment/patent/{patent_number}"
+    headers = {"X-Api-Key": api_key}
+
+    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
+    if response.status_code == 200:
+        return response.text  # Returns XML
+
+assignments_xml = get_patent_assignments("11234567", api_key)
+root = ET.fromstring(assignments_xml)
+
+for assignment in root.findall('.//assignment'):
+    recorded_date = assignment.find('recordedDate').text
+    assignor = assignment.find('.//assignor/name').text
+    assignee = assignment.find('.//assignee/name').text
+    conveyance = assignment.find('conveyanceText').text
+
+    print(f"{recorded_date}: {assignor} → {assignee}")
+    print(f"  Type: {conveyance}\n")
+```
+
+**Search by company name:**
+```python
+def find_company_patents(company_name, api_key):
+    url = "https://assignment-api.uspto.gov/patent/v1.4/assignment/search"
+    headers = {"X-Api-Key": api_key}
+    data = {"criteria": {"assigneeName": company_name}}
+
+    response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=data)
+    return response.text
+```
+
+### Common Assignment Types
+
+- **ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST** - Ownership transfer
+- **SECURITY AGREEMENT** - Collateral/security interest
+- **MERGER** - Corporate merger
+- **CHANGE OF NAME** - Name change
+- **ASSIGNMENT OF PARTIAL INTEREST** - Partial ownership
+
+## Task 5: Accessing Additional USPTO Data
+
+### Office Actions, Citations, and Litigation
+
+Multiple specialized APIs provide additional patent data.
+
+#### Office Action Text Retrieval
+
+Retrieve full text of office actions using application number. Integrate with PEDS to identify which office actions exist, then retrieve full text.
+
+#### Enriched Citation API
+
+Analyze patent citations:
+- Forward citations (patents citing this patent)
+- Backward citations (prior art cited)
+- Examiner vs. applicant citations
+- Citation context
+
+#### Patent Litigation Cases API
+
+Access federal district court patent litigation records:
+- 74,623+ litigation records
+- Patents asserted
+- Parties and venues
+- Case outcomes
+
+#### PTAB API
+
+Patent Trial and Appeal Board proceedings:
+- Inter partes review (IPR)
+- Post-grant review (PGR)
+- Appeal decisions
+
+### Reference Documentation
+
+See `references/additional_apis.md` for comprehensive documentation on:
+- Enriched Citation API
+- Office Action APIs (Text, Citations, Rejections)
+- Patent Litigation Cases API
+- PTAB API
+- Cancer Moonshot Data Set
+- OCE Status/Event Codes
+
+## Complete Analysis Example
+
+### Comprehensive Patent Analysis
+
+Combine multiple APIs for complete patent intelligence:
+
+```python
+def comprehensive_patent_analysis(patent_number, api_key):
+    """
+    Full patent analysis using multiple USPTO APIs.
+    """
+    from scripts.patent_search import PatentSearchClient
+    from scripts.peds_client import PEDSHelper
+
+    results = {}
+
+    # 1. Get patent details
+    patent_client = PatentSearchClient(api_key)
+    patent_data = patent_client.get_patent(patent_number)
+    results['patent'] = patent_data
+
+    # 2. Get examination history
+    peds = PEDSHelper()
+    results['prosecution'] = peds.analyze_prosecution(patent_number)
+    results['status'] = peds.get_status_summary(patent_number)
+
+    # 3. Get assignment history
+    import requests
+    assign_url = f"https://assignment-api.uspto.gov/patent/v1.4/assignment/patent/{patent_number}"
+    assign_resp = requests.get(assign_url, headers={"X-Api-Key": api_key})
+    results['assignments'] = assign_resp.text if assign_resp.status_code == 200 else None
+
+    # 4. Analyze results
+    print(f"\n=== Patent {patent_number} Analysis ===\n")
+    print(f"Title: {patent_data['patent_title']}")
+    print(f"Assignee: {', '.join(patent_data.get('assignee_organization', []))}")
+    print(f"Issue Date: {patent_data['patent_date']}")
+
+    print(f"\nProsecution:")
+    print(f"  Office Actions: {results['prosecution']['total_office_actions']}")
+    print(f"  Rejections: {results['prosecution']['non_final_rejections']} non-final, {results['prosecution']['final_rejections']} final")
+    print(f"  Pendency: {results['prosecution']['pendency_days']} days")
+
+    # Analyze citations
+    if 'cited_patent_number' in patent_data:
+        print(f"\nCitations:")
+        print(f"  Cites: {len(patent_data['cited_patent_number'])} patents")
+    if 'citedby_patent_number' in patent_data:
+        print(f"  Cited by: {len(patent_data['citedby_patent_number'])} patents")
+
+    return results
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **API Key Management**
+   - Store API key in environment variables
+   - Never commit keys to version control
+   - Use same key across all USPTO APIs
+
+2. **Rate Limiting**
+   - PatentSearch: 45 requests/minute
+   - Implement exponential backoff for rate limit errors
+   - Cache responses when possible
+
+3. **Query Optimization**
+   - Use `_text_*` operators for text fields (more performant)
+   - Request only needed fields to reduce response size
+   - Use date ranges to narrow searches
+
+4. **Data Handling**
+   - Not all fields populated for all patents/trademarks
+   - Handle missing data gracefully
+   - Parse dates consistently
+
+5. **Combining APIs**
+   - Use PatentSearch for discovery
+   - Use PEDS for prosecution details
+   - Use Assignment APIs for ownership tracking
+   - Combine data for comprehensive analysis
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- **Legacy API Sunset**: PatentsView legacy API discontinued May 1, 2025 - use PatentSearch API
+- **PAIR Bulk Data Decommissioned**: Use PEDS instead
+- **Data Coverage**: PatentSearch has data through June 30, 2025; PEDS from 1981-present
+- **Text Endpoints**: Claims and description endpoints are in beta with ongoing backfilling
+- **Rate Limits**: Respect rate limits to avoid service disruptions
+
+## Resources
+
+### API Documentation
+- **PatentSearch API**: https://search.patentsview.org/docs/
+- **USPTO Developer Portal**: https://developer.uspto.gov/
+- **USPTO Open Data Portal**: https://data.uspto.gov/
+- **API Key Registration**: https://account.uspto.gov/api-manager/
+
+### Python Libraries
+- **uspto-opendata-python**: https://pypi.org/project/uspto-opendata-python/
+- **USPTO Docs**: https://docs.ip-tools.org/uspto-opendata-python/
+
+### Reference Files
+- `references/patentsearch_api.md` - Complete PatentSearch API reference
+- `references/peds_api.md` - PEDS API and library documentation
+- `references/trademark_api.md` - Trademark APIs (TSDR and Assignment)
+- `references/additional_apis.md` - Citations, Office Actions, Litigation, PTAB
+
+### Scripts
+- `scripts/patent_search.py` - PatentSearch API client
+- `scripts/peds_client.py` - PEDS examination data client
+- `scripts/trademark_client.py` - Trademark search client