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+# ETE Toolkit Visualization Guide
+
+Complete guide to tree visualization with ETE Toolkit.
+
+## Table of Contents
+1. [Rendering Basics](#rendering-basics)
+2. [TreeStyle Configuration](#treestyle-configuration)
+3. [Node Styling](#node-styling)
+4. [Faces](#faces)
+5. [Layout Functions](#layout-functions)
+6. [Advanced Visualization](#advanced-visualization)
+
+---
+
+## Rendering Basics
+
+### Output Formats
+
+ETE supports three main output formats:
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# PNG (raster, good for presentations)
+tree.render("output.png", w=800, h=600, units="px", dpi=300)
+
+# PDF (vector, good for publications)
+tree.render("output.pdf", w=200, units="mm")
+
+# SVG (vector, editable)
+tree.render("output.svg")
+```
+
+### Units and Dimensions
+
+```python
+# Pixels
+tree.render("tree.png", w=1200, h=800, units="px")
+
+# Millimeters
+tree.render("tree.pdf", w=210, h=297, units="mm")  # A4 size
+
+# Inches
+tree.render("tree.pdf", w=8.5, h=11, units="in")  # US Letter
+
+# Auto-size (aspect ratio preserved)
+tree.render("tree.pdf", w=200, units="mm")  # Height auto-calculated
+```
+
+### Interactive Visualization
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Launch GUI
+# - Zoom with mouse wheel
+# - Pan by dragging
+# - Search with Ctrl+F
+# - Export from menu
+# - Edit node properties
+tree.show()
+```
+
+---
+
+## TreeStyle Configuration
+
+### Basic TreeStyle Options
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+ts = TreeStyle()
+
+# Display options
+ts.show_leaf_name = True          # Show leaf names
+ts.show_branch_length = True      # Show branch lengths
+ts.show_branch_support = True     # Show support values
+ts.show_scale = True              # Show scale bar
+
+# Branch length scaling
+ts.scale = 50                     # Pixels per branch length unit
+ts.min_leaf_separation = 10       # Minimum space between leaves (pixels)
+
+# Layout orientation
+ts.rotation = 0                   # 0=left-to-right, 90=top-to-bottom
+ts.branch_vertical_margin = 10    # Vertical spacing between branches
+
+# Tree shape
+ts.mode = "r"                     # "r"=rectangular (default), "c"=circular
+
+tree.render("tree.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Circular Trees
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+ts = TreeStyle()
+
+# Circular mode
+ts.mode = "c"
+ts.arc_start = 0      # Starting angle (degrees)
+ts.arc_span = 360     # Angular span (degrees, 360=full circle)
+
+# For semicircle
+ts.arc_start = -180
+ts.arc_span = 180
+
+tree.render("circular_tree.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Title and Legend
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+ts = TreeStyle()
+
+# Add title
+title = TextFace("Phylogenetic Tree of Species", fsize=20, bold=True)
+ts.title.add_face(title, column=0)
+
+# Add legend
+ts.legend.add_face(TextFace("Red nodes: High support", fsize=10), column=0)
+ts.legend.add_face(TextFace("Blue nodes: Low support", fsize=10), column=0)
+
+# Legend position
+ts.legend_position = 1  # 1=top-right, 2=top-left, 3=bottom-left, 4=bottom-right
+
+tree.render("tree_with_legend.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Custom Background
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+ts = TreeStyle()
+
+# Background color
+ts.bgcolor = "#f0f0f0"  # Light gray background
+
+# Tree border
+ts.show_border = True
+
+tree.render("tree_background.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Node Styling
+
+### NodeStyle Properties
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, NodeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+for node in tree.traverse():
+    nstyle = NodeStyle()
+
+    # Node size and shape
+    nstyle["size"] = 10                # Node size in pixels
+    nstyle["shape"] = "circle"         # "circle", "square", "sphere"
+
+    # Colors
+    nstyle["fgcolor"] = "blue"         # Foreground color (node itself)
+    nstyle["bgcolor"] = "lightblue"    # Background color (only for sphere)
+
+    # Line style for branches
+    nstyle["hz_line_type"] = 0         # 0=solid, 1=dashed, 2=dotted
+    nstyle["vt_line_type"] = 0         # Vertical line type
+    nstyle["hz_line_color"] = "black"  # Horizontal line color
+    nstyle["vt_line_color"] = "black"  # Vertical line color
+    nstyle["hz_line_width"] = 2        # Line width in pixels
+    nstyle["vt_line_width"] = 2
+
+    node.set_style(nstyle)
+
+tree.render("styled_tree.pdf")
+```
+
+### Conditional Styling
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, NodeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Style based on node properties
+for node in tree.traverse():
+    nstyle = NodeStyle()
+
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Leaf node style
+        nstyle["size"] = 8
+        nstyle["fgcolor"] = "darkgreen"
+        nstyle["shape"] = "circle"
+    else:
+        # Internal node style based on support
+        if node.support > 0.9:
+            nstyle["size"] = 6
+            nstyle["fgcolor"] = "red"
+            nstyle["shape"] = "sphere"
+        else:
+            nstyle["size"] = 4
+            nstyle["fgcolor"] = "gray"
+            nstyle["shape"] = "circle"
+
+    # Style branches by length
+    if node.dist > 1.0:
+        nstyle["hz_line_width"] = 3
+        nstyle["hz_line_color"] = "blue"
+    else:
+        nstyle["hz_line_width"] = 1
+        nstyle["hz_line_color"] = "black"
+
+    node.set_style(nstyle)
+
+tree.render("conditional_styled_tree.pdf")
+```
+
+### Hiding Nodes
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, NodeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Hide specific nodes
+for node in tree.traverse():
+    if node.support < 0.5:  # Hide low support nodes
+        nstyle = NodeStyle()
+        nstyle["draw_descendants"] = False  # Don't draw this node's subtree
+        nstyle["size"] = 0                   # Make node invisible
+        node.set_style(nstyle)
+
+tree.render("filtered_tree.pdf")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Faces
+
+Faces are graphical elements attached to nodes. They appear at specific positions around nodes.
+
+### Face Positions
+
+- `"branch-right"`: Right side of branch (after node)
+- `"branch-top"`: Above branch
+- `"branch-bottom"`: Below branch
+- `"aligned"`: Aligned column at tree edge (for leaves)
+
+### TextFace
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Add species name
+        name_face = TextFace(node.name, fsize=12, fgcolor="black")
+        node.add_face(name_face, column=0, position="branch-right")
+
+        # Add additional text
+        info_face = TextFace(f"Length: {node.dist:.3f}", fsize=8, fgcolor="gray")
+        node.add_face(info_face, column=1, position="branch-right")
+    else:
+        # Add support value
+        if node.support:
+            support_face = TextFace(f"{node.support:.2f}", fsize=8, fgcolor="red")
+            node.add_face(support_face, column=0, position="branch-top")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False  # We're adding custom names
+
+tree.render("tree_textfaces.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### AttrFace
+
+Display node attributes directly:
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, AttrFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Add custom attributes
+for leaf in tree:
+    leaf.add_feature("habitat", "aquatic" if "fish" in leaf.name else "terrestrial")
+    leaf.add_feature("temperature", 20)
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Display attribute directly
+        habitat_face = AttrFace("habitat", fsize=10)
+        node.add_face(habitat_face, column=0, position="aligned")
+
+        temp_face = AttrFace("temperature", fsize=10)
+        node.add_face(temp_face, column=1, position="aligned")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+
+tree.render("tree_attrfaces.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### CircleFace
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, CircleFace, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Annotate with habitat
+for leaf in tree:
+    leaf.add_feature("habitat", "marine" if "fish" in leaf.name else "land")
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Colored circle based on habitat
+        color = "blue" if node.habitat == "marine" else "green"
+        circle = CircleFace(radius=5, color=color, style="circle")
+        node.add_face(circle, column=0, position="aligned")
+
+        # Label
+        name = TextFace(node.name, fsize=10)
+        node.add_face(name, column=1, position="aligned")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False
+
+tree.render("tree_circles.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### ImgFace
+
+Add images to nodes:
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, ImgFace, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Add species image
+        img_path = f"images/{node.name}.png"  # Path to image
+        try:
+            img_face = ImgFace(img_path, width=50, height=50)
+            node.add_face(img_face, column=0, position="aligned")
+        except:
+            pass  # Skip if image doesn't exist
+
+        # Add name
+        name_face = TextFace(node.name, fsize=10)
+        node.add_face(name_face, column=1, position="aligned")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False
+
+tree.render("tree_images.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### BarChartFace
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, BarChartFace, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Add data for bar charts
+for leaf in tree:
+    leaf.add_feature("values", [1.2, 2.3, 0.5, 1.8])  # Multiple values
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Add bar chart
+        chart = BarChartFace(
+            node.values,
+            width=100,
+            height=40,
+            colors=["red", "blue", "green", "orange"],
+            labels=["A", "B", "C", "D"]
+        )
+        node.add_face(chart, column=0, position="aligned")
+
+        # Add name
+        name = TextFace(node.name, fsize=10)
+        node.add_face(name, column=1, position="aligned")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False
+
+tree.render("tree_barcharts.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### PieChartFace
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, PieChartFace, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Add data
+for leaf in tree:
+    leaf.add_feature("proportions", [25, 35, 40])  # Percentages
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Add pie chart
+        pie = PieChartFace(
+            node.proportions,
+            width=30,
+            height=30,
+            colors=["red", "blue", "green"]
+        )
+        node.add_face(pie, column=0, position="aligned")
+
+        name = TextFace(node.name, fsize=10)
+        node.add_face(name, column=1, position="aligned")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False
+
+tree.render("tree_piecharts.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### SequenceFace (for alignments)
+
+```python
+from ete3 import PhyloTree, TreeStyle, SeqMotifFace
+
+tree = PhyloTree("tree.nw")
+tree.link_to_alignment("alignment.fasta")
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Display sequence
+        seq_face = SeqMotifFace(node.sequence, seq_format="seq")
+        node.add_face(seq_face, column=0, position="aligned")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = True
+
+tree.render("tree_alignment.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Layout Functions
+
+Layout functions are Python functions that modify node appearance during rendering.
+
+### Basic Layout Function
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+def my_layout(node):
+    """Called for every node before rendering"""
+
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Add text to leaves
+        name_face = TextFace(node.name.upper(), fsize=12, fgcolor="blue")
+        node.add_face(name_face, column=0, position="branch-right")
+    else:
+        # Add support to internal nodes
+        if node.support:
+            support_face = TextFace(f"BS: {node.support:.0f}", fsize=8)
+            node.add_face(support_face, column=0, position="branch-top")
+
+# Apply layout function
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = my_layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False
+
+tree.render("tree_custom_layout.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Dynamic Styling in Layout
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, NodeStyle, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+def layout(node):
+    # Modify node style dynamically
+    nstyle = NodeStyle()
+
+    # Color by clade
+    if "clade_A" in [l.name for l in node.get_leaves()]:
+        nstyle["bgcolor"] = "lightblue"
+    elif "clade_B" in [l.name for l in node.get_leaves()]:
+        nstyle["bgcolor"] = "lightgreen"
+
+    node.set_style(nstyle)
+
+    # Add faces based on features
+    if hasattr(node, "annotation"):
+        text = TextFace(node.annotation, fsize=8)
+        node.add_face(text, column=0, position="branch-top")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+
+tree.render("tree_dynamic.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Multiple Column Layout
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, TextFace, CircleFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Add features
+for leaf in tree:
+    leaf.add_feature("habitat", "aquatic")
+    leaf.add_feature("temp", 20)
+    leaf.add_feature("depth", 100)
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Column 0: Name
+        name = TextFace(node.name, fsize=10)
+        node.add_face(name, column=0, position="aligned")
+
+        # Column 1: Habitat indicator
+        color = "blue" if node.habitat == "aquatic" else "brown"
+        circle = CircleFace(radius=5, color=color)
+        node.add_face(circle, column=1, position="aligned")
+
+        # Column 2: Temperature
+        temp = TextFace(f"{node.temp}°C", fsize=8)
+        node.add_face(temp, column=2, position="aligned")
+
+        # Column 3: Depth
+        depth = TextFace(f"{node.depth}m", fsize=8)
+        node.add_face(depth, column=3, position="aligned")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False
+
+tree.render("tree_columns.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Visualization
+
+### Highlighting Clades
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, NodeStyle, TextFace
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Define clades to highlight
+clade_members = {
+    "Clade_A": ["species1", "species2", "species3"],
+    "Clade_B": ["species4", "species5"]
+}
+
+def layout(node):
+    # Check if node is ancestor of specific clade
+    node_leaves = set([l.name for l in node.get_leaves()])
+
+    for clade_name, members in clade_members.items():
+        if set(members).issubset(node_leaves):
+            # This node is ancestor of the clade
+            nstyle = NodeStyle()
+            nstyle["bgcolor"] = "yellow"
+            nstyle["size"] = 0
+
+            # Add label
+            if set(members) == node_leaves:  # Exact match
+                label = TextFace(clade_name, fsize=14, bold=True, fgcolor="red")
+                node.add_face(label, column=0, position="branch-top")
+
+            node.set_style(nstyle)
+            break
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+
+tree.render("tree_highlighted_clades.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Collapsing Clades
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, TextFace, NodeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Define which clades to collapse
+clades_to_collapse = ["clade1_species1", "clade1_species2"]
+
+def layout(node):
+    if not node.is_leaf():
+        node_leaves = [l.name for l in node.get_leaves()]
+
+        # Check if this is a clade we want to collapse
+        if all(l in clades_to_collapse for l in node_leaves):
+            # Collapse by hiding descendants
+            nstyle = NodeStyle()
+            nstyle["draw_descendants"] = False
+            nstyle["size"] = 20
+            nstyle["fgcolor"] = "steelblue"
+            nstyle["shape"] = "sphere"
+            node.set_style(nstyle)
+
+            # Add label showing what's collapsed
+            label = TextFace(f"[{len(node_leaves)} species]", fsize=10)
+            node.add_face(label, column=0, position="branch-right")
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+
+tree.render("tree_collapsed.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Heat Map Visualization
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, RectFace, TextFace
+import numpy as np
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Generate random data for heatmap
+for leaf in tree:
+    leaf.add_feature("data", np.random.rand(10))  # 10 data points
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Add name
+        name = TextFace(node.name, fsize=8)
+        node.add_face(name, column=0, position="aligned")
+
+        # Add heatmap cells
+        for i, value in enumerate(node.data):
+            # Color based on value
+            intensity = int(255 * value)
+            color = f"#{255-intensity:02x}{intensity:02x}00"  # Green-red gradient
+
+            rect = RectFace(width=20, height=15, fgcolor=color, bgcolor=color)
+            node.add_face(rect, column=i+1, position="aligned")
+
+# Add column headers
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = False
+
+# Add header
+for i in range(10):
+    header = TextFace(f"C{i+1}", fsize=8, fgcolor="gray")
+    ts.aligned_header.add_face(header, column=i+1)
+
+tree.render("tree_heatmap.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Phylogenetic Events Visualization
+
+```python
+from ete3 import PhyloTree, TreeStyle, TextFace, NodeStyle
+
+tree = PhyloTree("gene_tree.nw")
+tree.set_species_naming_function(lambda x: x.split("_")[0])
+tree.get_descendant_evol_events()
+
+def layout(node):
+    # Style based on evolutionary event
+    if hasattr(node, "evoltype"):
+        nstyle = NodeStyle()
+
+        if node.evoltype == "D":  # Duplication
+            nstyle["fgcolor"] = "red"
+            nstyle["size"] = 10
+            nstyle["shape"] = "square"
+
+            label = TextFace("DUP", fsize=8, fgcolor="red", bold=True)
+            node.add_face(label, column=0, position="branch-top")
+
+        elif node.evoltype == "S":  # Speciation
+            nstyle["fgcolor"] = "blue"
+            nstyle["size"] = 6
+            nstyle["shape"] = "circle"
+
+        node.set_style(nstyle)
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+ts.show_leaf_name = True
+
+tree.render("gene_tree_events.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+### Custom Tree with Legend
+
+```python
+from ete3 import Tree, TreeStyle, TextFace, CircleFace, NodeStyle
+
+tree = Tree("tree.nw")
+
+# Categorize species
+for leaf in tree:
+    if "fish" in leaf.name.lower():
+        leaf.add_feature("category", "fish")
+    elif "bird" in leaf.name.lower():
+        leaf.add_feature("category", "bird")
+    else:
+        leaf.add_feature("category", "mammal")
+
+category_colors = {
+    "fish": "blue",
+    "bird": "green",
+    "mammal": "red"
+}
+
+def layout(node):
+    if node.is_leaf():
+        # Color by category
+        nstyle = NodeStyle()
+        nstyle["fgcolor"] = category_colors[node.category]
+        nstyle["size"] = 10
+        node.set_style(nstyle)
+
+ts = TreeStyle()
+ts.layout_fn = layout
+
+# Add legend
+ts.legend.add_face(TextFace("Legend:", fsize=12, bold=True), column=0)
+for category, color in category_colors.items():
+    circle = CircleFace(radius=5, color=color)
+    ts.legend.add_face(circle, column=0)
+    label = TextFace(f" {category.capitalize()}", fsize=10)
+    ts.legend.add_face(label, column=1)
+
+ts.legend_position = 1
+
+tree.render("tree_with_legend.pdf", tree_style=ts)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Use layout functions** for complex visualizations - they're called during rendering
+2. **Set `show_leaf_name = False`** when using custom name faces
+3. **Use aligned position** for columnar data at leaf level
+4. **Choose appropriate units**: pixels for screen, mm/inches for print
+5. **Use vector formats (PDF/SVG)** for publications
+6. **Precompute styling** when possible - layout functions should be fast
+7. **Test interactively** with `show()` before rendering to file
+8. **Use NodeStyle for permanent** changes, layout functions for rendering-time changes
+9. **Align faces in columns** for clean, organized appearance
+10. **Add legends** to explain colors and symbols used