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Zhongwei Li
235
templates/workflow-with-retries.ts
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235
templates/workflow-with-retries.ts
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/**
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* Workflow with Advanced Retry Configuration
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*
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* Demonstrates:
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* - Custom retry limits
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* - Exponential, linear, and constant backoff
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* - Step timeouts
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* - NonRetryableError for terminal failures
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* - Error handling with try-catch
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*/
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import { WorkflowEntrypoint, WorkflowStep, WorkflowEvent } from 'cloudflare:workers';
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import { NonRetryableError } from 'cloudflare:workflows';
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type Env = {
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MY_WORKFLOW: Workflow;
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};
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type PaymentParams = {
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orderId: string;
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amount: number;
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customerId: string;
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};
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/**
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* Payment Processing Workflow with Retries
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*
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* Handles payment processing with:
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* - Validation with NonRetryableError
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* - Retry logic for payment gateway
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* - Fallback to backup gateway
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* - Graceful error handling
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*/
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export class PaymentWorkflow extends WorkflowEntrypoint<Env, PaymentParams> {
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async run(event: WorkflowEvent<PaymentParams>, step: WorkflowStep) {
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const { orderId, amount, customerId } = event.payload;
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// Step 1: Validate input (no retries - fail fast)
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await step.do(
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'validate payment request',
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{
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retries: {
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limit: 0 // No retries for validation
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}
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},
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async () => {
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if (!orderId || !customerId) {
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throw new NonRetryableError('Missing required fields: orderId or customerId');
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}
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if (amount <= 0) {
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throw new NonRetryableError(`Invalid amount: ${amount}`);
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}
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if (amount > 100000) {
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throw new NonRetryableError(`Amount exceeds limit: ${amount}`);
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}
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return { valid: true };
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}
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);
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// Step 2: Call primary payment gateway (exponential backoff)
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let paymentResult;
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try {
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paymentResult = await step.do(
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'charge primary payment gateway',
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{
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retries: {
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limit: 5, // Max 5 retry attempts
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delay: '10 seconds', // Start at 10 seconds
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backoff: 'exponential' // 10s, 20s, 40s, 80s, 160s
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},
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timeout: '2 minutes' // Each attempt times out after 2 minutes
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},
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async () => {
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const response = await fetch('https://primary-payment-gateway.example.com/charge', {
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method: 'POST',
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headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
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body: JSON.stringify({
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orderId,
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amount,
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customerId
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})
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});
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if (!response.ok) {
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// Check if error is retryable
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if (response.status === 401 || response.status === 403) {
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throw new NonRetryableError('Authentication failed with payment gateway');
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}
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throw new Error(`Payment gateway error: ${response.status}`);
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}
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const data = await response.json();
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return {
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transactionId: data.transactionId,
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status: data.status,
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gateway: 'primary'
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};
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}
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);
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} catch (error) {
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console.error('Primary gateway failed:', error);
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// Step 3: Fallback to backup gateway (linear backoff)
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paymentResult = await step.do(
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'charge backup payment gateway',
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{
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retries: {
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limit: 3,
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delay: '30 seconds',
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backoff: 'linear' // 30s, 60s, 90s
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},
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timeout: '3 minutes'
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},
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async () => {
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const response = await fetch('https://backup-payment-gateway.example.com/charge', {
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method: 'POST',
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headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
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body: JSON.stringify({
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orderId,
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amount,
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customerId
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})
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});
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if (!response.ok) {
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throw new Error(`Backup gateway error: ${response.status}`);
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}
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const data = await response.json();
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return {
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transactionId: data.transactionId,
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status: data.status,
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gateway: 'backup'
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};
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}
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);
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}
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// Step 4: Update order status (constant backoff)
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await step.do(
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'update order status',
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{
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retries: {
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limit: 10,
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delay: '5 seconds',
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backoff: 'constant' // Always 5 seconds between retries
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},
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timeout: '30 seconds'
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},
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async () => {
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const response = await fetch(`https://api.example.com/orders/${orderId}`, {
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method: 'PATCH',
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headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
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body: JSON.stringify({
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status: 'paid',
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transactionId: paymentResult.transactionId,
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gateway: paymentResult.gateway
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})
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});
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if (!response.ok) {
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throw new Error('Failed to update order status');
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}
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return { updated: true };
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}
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);
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// Step 5: Send confirmation (optional - don't fail workflow if this fails)
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try {
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await step.do(
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'send payment confirmation',
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{
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retries: {
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limit: 3,
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delay: '10 seconds',
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backoff: 'exponential'
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}
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},
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async () => {
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await fetch('https://api.example.com/notifications/payment-confirmed', {
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method: 'POST',
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headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
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body: JSON.stringify({
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orderId,
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customerId,
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amount
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})
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});
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return { sent: true };
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}
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);
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} catch (error) {
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// Log but don't fail workflow
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console.error('Failed to send confirmation:', error);
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}
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return {
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orderId,
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transactionId: paymentResult.transactionId,
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gateway: paymentResult.gateway,
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status: 'complete'
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};
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}
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}
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export default {
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async fetch(req: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
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const url = new URL(req.url);
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if (url.pathname.startsWith('/favicon')) {
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return Response.json({}, { status: 404 });
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}
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// Create payment workflow
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const instance = await env.MY_WORKFLOW.create({
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params: {
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orderId: 'ORD-' + Date.now(),
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amount: 99.99,
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customerId: 'CUST-123'
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}
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});
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return Response.json({
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id: instance.id,
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status: await instance.status()
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});
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}
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};
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