Initial commit

templates/d1-setup-migration.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Cloudflare D1 Setup and Migration Workflow
+#
+# This script demonstrates the complete D1 workflow:
+# 1. Create a D1 database
+# 2. Configure bindings
+# 3. Create and apply migrations
+# 4. Query the database
+#
+# Usage:
+#   chmod +x d1-setup-migration.sh
+#   ./d1-setup-migration.sh my-app-database
+#
+
+set -e  # Exit on error
+
+DATABASE_NAME="${1:-my-database}"
+
+echo "========================================="
+echo "Cloudflare D1 Setup and Migration"
+echo "========================================="
+echo ""
+
+# Step 1: Create D1 Database
+echo "📦 Step 1: Creating D1 database '$DATABASE_NAME'..."
+echo ""
+
+npx wrangler d1 create "$DATABASE_NAME"
+
+echo ""
+echo "✅ Database created!"
+echo ""
+echo "📝 IMPORTANT: Copy the output above and add to your wrangler.jsonc:"
+echo ""
+echo '  {
+    "d1_databases": [
+      {
+        "binding": "DB",
+        "database_name": "'"$DATABASE_NAME"'",
+        "database_id": "<UUID_FROM_OUTPUT_ABOVE>",
+        "preview_database_id": "local-dev-db"
+      }
+    ]
+  }'
+echo ""
+read -p "Press ENTER when you've added the binding to wrangler.jsonc..."
+
+# Step 2: Create Migrations Directory
+echo ""
+echo "📁 Step 2: Setting up migrations directory..."
+mkdir -p migrations
+
+# Step 3: Create Initial Migration
+echo ""
+echo "🔨 Step 3: Creating initial migration..."
+echo ""
+
+npx wrangler d1 migrations create "$DATABASE_NAME" create_initial_schema
+
+# Find the created migration file (most recent .sql file in migrations/)
+MIGRATION_FILE=$(ls -t migrations/*.sql | head -n1)
+
+echo ""
+echo "✅ Migration file created: $MIGRATION_FILE"
+echo ""
+echo "📝 Add your schema to this file. Example:"
+echo ""
+echo "  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users;
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+    user_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    username TEXT NOT NULL,
+    created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    updated_at INTEGER
+  );
+
+  CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_email ON users(email);
+
+  PRAGMA optimize;"
+echo ""
+read -p "Press ENTER when you've edited the migration file..."
+
+# Step 4: Apply Migration Locally
+echo ""
+echo "🔧 Step 4: Applying migration to LOCAL database..."
+echo ""
+
+npx wrangler d1 migrations apply "$DATABASE_NAME" --local
+
+echo ""
+echo "✅ Local migration applied!"
+
+# Step 5: Verify Local Database
+echo ""
+echo "🔍 Step 5: Verifying local database..."
+echo ""
+
+npx wrangler d1 execute "$DATABASE_NAME" --local --command "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'"
+
+# Step 6: Seed Local Database (Optional)
+echo ""
+echo "🌱 Step 6: Would you like to seed the local database with test data?"
+read -p "Seed database? (y/n): " -n 1 -r
+echo ""
+
+if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+  echo "Creating seed data..."
+
+  cat > seed.sql << 'EOF'
+-- Seed data for testing
+INSERT INTO users (email, username, created_at) VALUES
+  ('alice@example.com', 'alice', unixepoch()),
+  ('bob@example.com', 'bob', unixepoch()),
+  ('charlie@example.com', 'charlie', unixepoch());
+EOF
+
+  npx wrangler d1 execute "$DATABASE_NAME" --local --file=seed.sql
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "✅ Seed data inserted!"
+  echo ""
+  echo "🔍 Verifying data..."
+  npx wrangler d1 execute "$DATABASE_NAME" --local --command "SELECT * FROM users"
+fi
+
+# Step 7: Apply to Production (Optional)
+echo ""
+echo "🚀 Step 7: Ready to apply migration to PRODUCTION?"
+echo ""
+echo "⚠️  WARNING: This will modify your production database!"
+read -p "Apply to production? (y/n): " -n 1 -r
+echo ""
+
+if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+  echo "Applying migration to production..."
+  npx wrangler d1 migrations apply "$DATABASE_NAME" --remote
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "✅ Production migration applied!"
+else
+  echo "Skipping production migration."
+  echo ""
+  echo "To apply later, run:"
+  echo "  npx wrangler d1 migrations apply $DATABASE_NAME --remote"
+fi
+
+# Summary
+echo ""
+echo "========================================="
+echo "✅ D1 Setup Complete!"
+echo "========================================="
+echo ""
+echo "Database: $DATABASE_NAME"
+echo "Local database: ✅"
+echo "Migrations: ✅"
+echo ""
+echo "📚 Next steps:"
+echo ""
+echo "1. Start dev server:"
+echo "   npm run dev"
+echo ""
+echo "2. Query from your Worker:"
+echo '   const user = await env.DB.prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?")
+     .bind("alice@example.com")
+     .first();'
+echo ""
+echo "3. Create more migrations as needed:"
+echo "   npx wrangler d1 migrations create $DATABASE_NAME <migration_name>"
+echo ""
+echo "4. View all tables:"
+echo "   npx wrangler d1 execute $DATABASE_NAME --local --command \"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'\""
+echo ""
+echo "========================================="

templates/d1-worker-queries.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+/**
+ * Cloudflare D1 Worker Query Examples
+ *
+ * This file demonstrates type-safe D1 queries in a Cloudflare Worker with Hono.
+ *
+ * Topics covered:
+ * - Type definitions for D1 bindings
+ * - CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete)
+ * - Batch queries for performance
+ * - Error handling and validation
+ * - Pagination patterns
+ * - JOIN queries
+ * - Transaction-like behavior
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ * 1. Copy relevant patterns to your Worker
+ * 2. Update table/column names to match your schema
+ * 3. Add proper input validation
+ */
+
+import { Hono } from 'hono';
+
+// ============================================
+// Type Definitions
+// ============================================
+
+interface Env {
+  DB: D1Database;
+  // ... other bindings
+}
+
+type Bindings = {
+  DB: D1Database;
+};
+
+interface User {
+  user_id: number;
+  email: string;
+  username: string;
+  full_name: string | null;
+  created_at: number;
+  updated_at: number | null;
+}
+
+interface Post {
+  post_id: number;
+  user_id: number;
+  title: string;
+  content: string;
+  slug: string;
+  published: number;
+  created_at: number;
+  published_at: number | null;
+}
+
+interface PostWithAuthor extends Post {
+  author_name: string;
+  author_email: string;
+}
+
+// ============================================
+// App Setup
+// ============================================
+
+const app = new Hono<{ Bindings: Bindings }>();
+
+// ============================================
+// CREATE Operations
+// ============================================
+
+// Create a new user
+app.post('/api/users', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const { email, username, full_name } = await c.req.json();
+
+    // Validate input
+    if (!email || !username) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Email and username are required' }, 400);
+    }
+
+    // Check if email already exists
+    const existing = await c.env.DB.prepare(
+      'SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE email = ? LIMIT 1'
+    )
+    .bind(email)
+    .first();
+
+    if (existing) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Email already registered' }, 409);
+    }
+
+    // Insert new user
+    const result = await c.env.DB.prepare(
+      'INSERT INTO users (email, username, full_name, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)'
+    )
+    .bind(email, username, full_name || null, Date.now())
+    .run();
+
+    const userId = result.meta.last_row_id;
+
+    // Fetch the created user
+    const user = await c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = ?')
+      .bind(userId)
+      .first<User>();
+
+    return c.json({ user }, 201);
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error creating user:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to create user' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// Bulk insert with batch()
+app.post('/api/users/bulk', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const { users } = await c.req.json();
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(users) || users.length === 0) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Invalid users array' }, 400);
+    }
+
+    // Create batch of insert statements
+    const inserts = users.map(user =>
+      c.env.DB.prepare(
+        'INSERT INTO users (email, username, full_name, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)'
+      ).bind(user.email, user.username, user.full_name || null, Date.now())
+    );
+
+    // Execute all inserts in one batch
+    const results = await c.env.DB.batch(inserts);
+
+    const insertedCount = results.filter(r => r.success).length;
+
+    return c.json({
+      message: `Inserted ${insertedCount} users`,
+      count: insertedCount
+    }, 201);
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error bulk inserting users:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to insert users' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// READ Operations
+// ============================================
+
+// Get single user by ID
+app.get('/api/users/:id', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const userId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+
+    const user = await c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = ?')
+      .bind(userId)
+      .first<User>();
+
+    if (!user) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'User not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ user });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error fetching user:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to fetch user' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// Get user by email
+app.get('/api/users/email/:email', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const email = c.req.param('email');
+
+    const user = await c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?')
+      .bind(email)
+      .first<User>();
+
+    if (!user) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'User not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ user });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error fetching user:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to fetch user' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// List users with pagination
+app.get('/api/users', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const page = parseInt(c.req.query('page') || '1');
+    const limit = Math.min(parseInt(c.req.query('limit') || '20'), 100); // Max 100
+    const offset = (page - 1) * limit;
+
+    // Use batch to get count and users in one round trip
+    const [countResult, usersResult] = await c.env.DB.batch([
+      c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) as total FROM users WHERE deleted_at IS NULL'),
+      c.env.DB.prepare(
+        'SELECT * FROM users WHERE deleted_at IS NULL ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?'
+      ).bind(limit, offset)
+    ]);
+
+    const total = (countResult.results[0] as any).total as number;
+    const users = usersResult.results as User[];
+
+    return c.json({
+      users,
+      pagination: {
+        page,
+        limit,
+        total,
+        pages: Math.ceil(total / limit)
+      }
+    });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error listing users:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to list users' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// UPDATE Operations
+// ============================================
+
+// Update user
+app.put('/api/users/:id', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const userId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+    const { username, full_name, bio } = await c.req.json();
+
+    // Build dynamic update query
+    const updates: string[] = [];
+    const values: any[] = [];
+
+    if (username !== undefined) {
+      updates.push('username = ?');
+      values.push(username);
+    }
+    if (full_name !== undefined) {
+      updates.push('full_name = ?');
+      values.push(full_name);
+    }
+    if (bio !== undefined) {
+      updates.push('bio = ?');
+      values.push(bio);
+    }
+
+    if (updates.length === 0) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'No fields to update' }, 400);
+    }
+
+    // Add updated_at
+    updates.push('updated_at = ?');
+    values.push(Date.now());
+
+    // Add user_id for WHERE clause
+    values.push(userId);
+
+    const sql = `UPDATE users SET ${updates.join(', ')} WHERE user_id = ?`;
+
+    const result = await c.env.DB.prepare(sql).bind(...values).run();
+
+    if (result.meta.rows_written === 0) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'User not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    // Fetch updated user
+    const user = await c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = ?')
+      .bind(userId)
+      .first<User>();
+
+    return c.json({ user });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error updating user:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to update user' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// Increment post view count (simple update)
+app.post('/api/posts/:id/view', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const postId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+
+    const result = await c.env.DB.prepare(
+      'UPDATE posts SET view_count = view_count + 1 WHERE post_id = ?'
+    )
+    .bind(postId)
+    .run();
+
+    if (result.meta.rows_written === 0) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Post not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ success: true });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error incrementing view count:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to update view count' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// DELETE Operations
+// ============================================
+
+// Soft delete user
+app.delete('/api/users/:id', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const userId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+
+    const result = await c.env.DB.prepare(
+      'UPDATE users SET deleted_at = ? WHERE user_id = ? AND deleted_at IS NULL'
+    )
+    .bind(Date.now(), userId)
+    .run();
+
+    if (result.meta.rows_written === 0) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'User not found or already deleted' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ success: true });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error deleting user:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to delete user' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// Hard delete post
+app.delete('/api/posts/:id/permanent', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const postId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+
+    const result = await c.env.DB.prepare('DELETE FROM posts WHERE post_id = ?')
+      .bind(postId)
+      .run();
+
+    if (result.meta.rows_written === 0) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Post not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ success: true });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error deleting post:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to delete post' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// JOIN Queries
+// ============================================
+
+// Get posts with author information
+app.get('/api/posts', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const limit = Math.min(parseInt(c.req.query('limit') || '20'), 100);
+
+    const { results } = await c.env.DB.prepare(`
+      SELECT
+        posts.*,
+        users.username as author_name,
+        users.email as author_email
+      FROM posts
+      INNER JOIN users ON posts.user_id = users.user_id
+      WHERE posts.published = 1
+        AND users.deleted_at IS NULL
+      ORDER BY posts.published_at DESC
+      LIMIT ?
+    `)
+    .bind(limit)
+    .all<PostWithAuthor>();
+
+    return c.json({ posts: results });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error fetching posts:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to fetch posts' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// Get post with author and tags
+app.get('/api/posts/:slug', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const slug = c.req.param('slug');
+
+    // Use batch to get post+author and tags in one round trip
+    const [postResult, tagsResult] = await c.env.DB.batch([
+      // Get post with author
+      c.env.DB.prepare(`
+        SELECT
+          posts.*,
+          users.username as author_name,
+          users.email as author_email
+        FROM posts
+        INNER JOIN users ON posts.user_id = users.user_id
+        WHERE posts.slug = ?
+        LIMIT 1
+      `).bind(slug),
+
+      // Get post's tags
+      c.env.DB.prepare(`
+        SELECT tags.*
+        FROM tags
+        INNER JOIN post_tags ON tags.tag_id = post_tags.tag_id
+        INNER JOIN posts ON post_tags.post_id = posts.post_id
+        WHERE posts.slug = ?
+      `).bind(slug)
+    ]);
+
+    const post = postResult.results[0] as PostWithAuthor | undefined;
+
+    if (!post) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Post not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    const tags = tagsResult.results;
+
+    return c.json({ post, tags });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error fetching post:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to fetch post' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// Transaction-like Behavior with Batch
+// ============================================
+
+// Publish post (update post + record event)
+app.post('/api/posts/:id/publish', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const postId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+    const now = Date.now();
+
+    // Execute multiple related updates in one batch
+    const results = await c.env.DB.batch([
+      // Update post status
+      c.env.DB.prepare(
+        'UPDATE posts SET published = 1, published_at = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE post_id = ?'
+      ).bind(now, now, postId),
+
+      // Record publish event (example analytics table)
+      c.env.DB.prepare(
+        'INSERT INTO post_events (post_id, event_type, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?)'
+      ).bind(postId, 'published', now)
+    ]);
+
+    // Check if post update succeeded
+    if (results[0].meta.rows_written === 0) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Post not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ success: true });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error publishing post:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to publish post' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// Advanced Patterns
+// ============================================
+
+// Search posts by keyword (simple full-text search)
+app.get('/api/posts/search', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const query = c.req.query('q') || '';
+    const limit = Math.min(parseInt(c.req.query('limit') || '20'), 100);
+
+    if (query.length < 2) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Query must be at least 2 characters' }, 400);
+    }
+
+    const searchTerm = `%${query}%`;
+
+    const { results } = await c.env.DB.prepare(`
+      SELECT
+        posts.*,
+        users.username as author_name
+      FROM posts
+      INNER JOIN users ON posts.user_id = users.user_id
+      WHERE posts.published = 1
+        AND (posts.title LIKE ? OR posts.content LIKE ?)
+      ORDER BY posts.published_at DESC
+      LIMIT ?
+    `)
+    .bind(searchTerm, searchTerm, limit)
+    .all<PostWithAuthor>();
+
+    return c.json({ posts: results, query });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error searching posts:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to search posts' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// Get user stats (multiple aggregations in batch)
+app.get('/api/users/:id/stats', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const userId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+
+    const [userResult, statsResults] = await c.env.DB.batch([
+      // Get user
+      c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = ?').bind(userId),
+
+      // Get all stats in one query with UNION
+      c.env.DB.prepare(`
+        SELECT 'posts' as metric, COUNT(*) as count FROM posts WHERE user_id = ?
+        UNION ALL
+        SELECT 'comments', COUNT(*) FROM comments WHERE user_id = ?
+        UNION ALL
+        SELECT 'published_posts', COUNT(*) FROM posts WHERE user_id = ? AND published = 1
+      `).bind(userId, userId, userId)
+    ]);
+
+    const user = userResult.results[0] as User | undefined;
+
+    if (!user) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'User not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    // Parse stats results
+    const stats: Record<string, number> = {};
+    for (const row of statsResults.results as any[]) {
+      stats[row.metric] = row.count;
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ user, stats });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error fetching user stats:', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to fetch user stats' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// Error Handling Example with Retry
+// ============================================
+
+async function queryWithRetry<T>(
+  queryFn: () => Promise<T>,
+  maxRetries = 3
+): Promise<T> {
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxRetries; attempt++) {
+    try {
+      return await queryFn();
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      const message = error.message;
+
+      // Check if error is retryable
+      const isRetryable =
+        message.includes('Network connection lost') ||
+        message.includes('storage caused object to be reset') ||
+        message.includes('reset because its code was updated');
+
+      if (!isRetryable || attempt === maxRetries - 1) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      // Exponential backoff
+      const delay = Math.min(1000 * Math.pow(2, attempt), 5000);
+      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new Error('Retry logic failed');
+}
+
+// Example usage with retry
+app.get('/api/users/:id/with-retry', async (c) => {
+  try {
+    const userId = parseInt(c.req.param('id'));
+
+    const user = await queryWithRetry(() =>
+      c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = ?')
+        .bind(userId)
+        .first<User>()
+    );
+
+    if (!user) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'User not found' }, 404);
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ user });
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    console.error('Error fetching user (with retry):', error.message);
+    return c.json({ error: 'Failed to fetch user' }, 500);
+  }
+});
+
+// ============================================
+// Export App
+// ============================================
+
+export default app;

templates/schema-example.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+-- Cloudflare D1 Schema Example
+-- Production-ready database schema with best practices
+--
+-- This file demonstrates:
+-- - Proper table creation with constraints
+-- - Primary and foreign keys
+-- - Indexes for performance
+-- - Sample data for testing
+--
+-- Apply with:
+--   npx wrangler d1 execute my-database --local --file=schema-example.sql
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Users Table
+-- ============================================
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+  user_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  username TEXT NOT NULL,
+  full_name TEXT,
+  bio TEXT,
+  avatar_url TEXT,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch()),
+  updated_at INTEGER,
+  deleted_at INTEGER  -- Soft delete pattern
+);
+
+-- Index for email lookups (login, registration checks)
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_email ON users(email);
+
+-- Index for filtering out deleted users
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_active ON users(user_id) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Posts Table
+-- ============================================
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS posts;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
+  post_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  title TEXT NOT NULL,
+  content TEXT NOT NULL,
+  slug TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  published INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,  -- 0 = draft, 1 = published
+  view_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch()),
+  updated_at INTEGER,
+  published_at INTEGER,
+
+  -- Foreign key constraint
+  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Index for user's posts
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_posts_user_id ON posts(user_id);
+
+-- Index for published posts (most common query)
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_posts_published_created ON posts(published, created_at DESC)
+  WHERE published = 1;
+
+-- Index for slug lookups (e.g., /blog/my-post-slug)
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_posts_slug ON posts(slug);
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Comments Table
+-- ============================================
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS comments;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS comments (
+  comment_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  post_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  parent_comment_id INTEGER,  -- For threaded comments (NULL = top-level)
+  content TEXT NOT NULL,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch()),
+  updated_at INTEGER,
+  deleted_at INTEGER,
+
+  -- Foreign keys
+  FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY (parent_comment_id) REFERENCES comments(comment_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Index for post's comments
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_comments_post_id ON comments(post_id);
+
+-- Index for user's comments
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_comments_user_id ON comments(user_id);
+
+-- Index for threaded replies
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_comments_parent ON comments(parent_comment_id)
+  WHERE parent_comment_id IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Tags Table (Many-to-Many Example)
+-- ============================================
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tags;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tags (
+  tag_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  slug TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch())
+);
+
+-- Index for tag lookups
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_tags_slug ON tags(slug);
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Post Tags Junction Table
+-- ============================================
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS post_tags;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS post_tags (
+  post_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  tag_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch()),
+
+  -- Composite primary key
+  PRIMARY KEY (post_id, tag_id),
+
+  -- Foreign keys
+  FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY (tag_id) REFERENCES tags(tag_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Index for finding posts by tag
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_post_tags_tag_id ON post_tags(tag_id);
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Sessions Table (Example: Auth Sessions)
+-- ============================================
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sessions;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sessions (
+  session_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,  -- UUID or random token
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  ip_address TEXT,
+  user_agent TEXT,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch()),
+  expires_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  last_activity_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch()),
+
+  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Index for session cleanup (delete expired sessions)
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sessions_expires ON sessions(expires_at);
+
+-- Index for user's sessions
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sessions_user_id ON sessions(user_id);
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Analytics Table (High-Write Pattern)
+-- ============================================
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS page_views;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS page_views (
+  view_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  post_id INTEGER,
+  user_id INTEGER,  -- NULL for anonymous views
+  ip_address TEXT,
+  referrer TEXT,
+  user_agent TEXT,
+  viewed_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (unixepoch())
+);
+
+-- Partial index: only index recent views (last 30 days)
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_page_views_recent ON page_views(post_id, viewed_at)
+  WHERE viewed_at > unixepoch() - 2592000;  -- 30 days in seconds
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Optimize Database
+-- ============================================
+
+-- Run PRAGMA optimize to collect statistics for query planner
+PRAGMA optimize;
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Sample Seed Data (Optional - for testing)
+-- ============================================
+
+-- Insert test users
+INSERT INTO users (email, username, full_name, bio) VALUES
+  ('alice@example.com', 'alice', 'Alice Johnson', 'Software engineer and blogger'),
+  ('bob@example.com', 'bob', 'Bob Smith', 'Tech enthusiast'),
+  ('charlie@example.com', 'charlie', 'Charlie Brown', 'Writer and photographer');
+
+-- Insert test tags
+INSERT INTO tags (name, slug) VALUES
+  ('JavaScript', 'javascript'),
+  ('TypeScript', 'typescript'),
+  ('Cloudflare', 'cloudflare'),
+  ('Web Development', 'web-development'),
+  ('Tutorial', 'tutorial');
+
+-- Insert test posts
+INSERT INTO posts (user_id, title, content, slug, published, published_at) VALUES
+  (1, 'Getting Started with D1', 'Learn how to use Cloudflare D1 database...', 'getting-started-with-d1', 1, unixepoch()),
+  (1, 'Building APIs with Hono', 'Hono is a lightweight web framework...', 'building-apis-with-hono', 1, unixepoch() - 86400),
+  (2, 'My First Draft', 'This is a draft post...', 'my-first-draft', 0, NULL);
+
+-- Link posts to tags
+INSERT INTO post_tags (post_id, tag_id) VALUES
+  (1, 3),  -- Getting Started with D1 -> Cloudflare
+  (1, 5),  -- Getting Started with D1 -> Tutorial
+  (2, 1),  -- Building APIs with Hono -> JavaScript
+  (2, 3),  -- Building APIs with Hono -> Cloudflare
+  (2, 5);  -- Building APIs with Hono -> Tutorial
+
+-- Insert test comments
+INSERT INTO comments (post_id, user_id, content) VALUES
+  (1, 2, 'Great tutorial! Really helpful.'),
+  (1, 3, 'Thanks for sharing this!'),
+  (2, 3, 'Looking forward to more content on Hono.');
+
+-- Insert threaded reply
+INSERT INTO comments (post_id, user_id, parent_comment_id, content) VALUES
+  (1, 1, 1, 'Glad you found it useful!');
+
+-- ============================================
+-- Verification Queries
+-- ============================================
+
+-- Count records in each table
+SELECT 'users' as table_name, COUNT(*) as count FROM users
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'posts', COUNT(*) FROM posts
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'comments', COUNT(*) FROM comments
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'tags', COUNT(*) FROM tags
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'post_tags', COUNT(*) FROM post_tags;
+
+-- List all tables and indexes
+SELECT
+  type,
+  name,
+  tbl_name as table_name
+FROM sqlite_master
+WHERE type IN ('table', 'index')
+  AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'
+ORDER BY type, tbl_name, name;