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Zhongwei Li
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commands/sql-query-builder.md
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460
commands/sql-query-builder.md
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---
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description: Generate optimized SQL queries from natural language descriptions
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shortcut: sqb
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category: database
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difficulty: beginner
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estimated_time: 2-3 minutes
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---
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# SQL Query Builder
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Generates optimized SQL queries from natural language descriptions, supporting SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE with JOINs, indexes, and best practices.
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## What This Command Does
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**Generated Queries:**
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- SELECT queries with JOINs
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- INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations
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- Aggregations and GROUP BY
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- Subqueries and CTEs
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- Indexes and optimization tips
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- PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite syntax
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**Output:** Production-ready SQL queries
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**Time:** 2-3 minutes
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---
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## Usage
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```bash
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# Generate query from description
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/sql-query-builder "Get all users with their posts"
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# Shortcut
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/sqb "Find top 10 products by sales"
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# Complex query
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/sqb "Get users who have made purchases in last 30 days, grouped by country"
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# Specific database
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/sqb "List orders with customer info" --database postgresql
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```
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---
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## Example Output
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**Input:**
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```
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/sqb "Get all blog posts with author info and comment count, ordered by recent"
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```
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**Generated SQL:**
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```sql
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-- Query: Get all blog posts with author info and comment count
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-- Database: PostgreSQL
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-- Optimized for performance with proper indexes
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-- Main query
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SELECT
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p.id,
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p.title,
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p.slug,
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p.content,
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p.published,
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p.created_at,
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p.updated_at,
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-- Author information
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u.id AS author_id,
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u.name AS author_name,
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u.email AS author_email,
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-- Comment count (calculated)
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COUNT(c.id) AS comment_count
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FROM posts p
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INNER JOIN users u ON p.author_id = u.id
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LEFT JOIN comments c ON p.id = c.post_id
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WHERE p.published = true
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GROUP BY
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p.id,
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p.title,
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p.slug,
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p.content,
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p.published,
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p.created_at,
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p.updated_at,
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u.id,
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u.name,
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u.email
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ORDER BY p.created_at DESC
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LIMIT 20 OFFSET 0;
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-- Recommended indexes for optimal performance
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CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_posts_published_created ON posts(published, created_at DESC);
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CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_posts_author_id ON posts(author_id);
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CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_comments_post_id ON comments(post_id);
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-- Explain plan (run to verify performance)
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EXPLAIN ANALYZE
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SELECT /* ... query above ... */;
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```
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---
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## Query Examples
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### **1. Simple SELECT**
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**Request:** "Get all active users"
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```sql
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SELECT
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id,
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email,
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name,
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created_at
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FROM users
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WHERE active = true
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ORDER BY created_at DESC;
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-- Index recommendation
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CREATE INDEX idx_users_active ON users(active, created_at DESC);
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```
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### **2. JOIN Queries**
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**Request:** "Get orders with customer and product information"
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```sql
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SELECT
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o.id AS order_id,
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o.order_date,
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o.total,
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o.status,
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-- Customer info
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c.id AS customer_id,
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c.name AS customer_name,
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c.email AS customer_email,
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-- Order items
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oi.quantity,
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oi.price AS unit_price,
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-- Product info
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p.id AS product_id,
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p.name AS product_name
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FROM orders o
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INNER JOIN customers c ON o.customer_id = c.id
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INNER JOIN order_items oi ON o.id = oi.order_id
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INNER JOIN products p ON oi.product_id = p.id
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WHERE o.created_at >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '30 days'
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ORDER BY o.created_at DESC;
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-- Indexes
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CREATE INDEX idx_orders_customer_id ON orders(customer_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_orders_created_at ON orders(created_at DESC);
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CREATE INDEX idx_order_items_order_id ON order_items(order_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_order_items_product_id ON order_items(product_id);
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```
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### **3. Aggregations**
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**Request:** "Get total sales by product category"
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```sql
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SELECT
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c.name AS category,
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COUNT(DISTINCT o.id) AS order_count,
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SUM(oi.quantity) AS units_sold,
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SUM(oi.quantity * oi.price) AS total_revenue,
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AVG(oi.price) AS avg_price
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FROM categories c
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INNER JOIN products p ON c.id = p.category_id
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INNER JOIN order_items oi ON p.id = oi.product_id
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INNER JOIN orders o ON oi.order_id = o.id
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WHERE o.status = 'completed'
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AND o.created_at >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '1 year'
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GROUP BY c.id, c.name
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HAVING SUM(oi.quantity * oi.price) > 1000
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ORDER BY total_revenue DESC;
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```
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### **4. Subqueries**
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**Request:** "Get users who have never made a purchase"
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```sql
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SELECT
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u.id,
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u.email,
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u.name,
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u.created_at
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FROM users u
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WHERE NOT EXISTS (
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SELECT 1
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FROM orders o
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WHERE o.customer_id = u.id
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)
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ORDER BY u.created_at DESC;
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-- Alternative using LEFT JOIN (often faster)
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SELECT
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u.id,
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u.email,
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u.name,
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u.created_at
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FROM users u
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LEFT JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.customer_id
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WHERE o.id IS NULL
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ORDER BY u.created_at DESC;
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```
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### **5. Common Table Expressions (CTEs)**
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**Request:** "Get top customers by purchase amount with their order history"
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```sql
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WITH customer_totals AS (
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SELECT
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c.id,
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c.name,
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c.email,
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COUNT(o.id) AS order_count,
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SUM(o.total) AS total_spent
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FROM customers c
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INNER JOIN orders o ON c.id = o.customer_id
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WHERE o.status = 'completed'
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GROUP BY c.id, c.name, c.email
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HAVING SUM(o.total) > 500
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)
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SELECT
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ct.*,
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o.id AS order_id,
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o.order_date,
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o.total AS order_total
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FROM customer_totals ct
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INNER JOIN orders o ON ct.id = o.customer_id
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ORDER BY ct.total_spent DESC, o.order_date DESC;
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```
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### **6. Window Functions**
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**Request:** "Rank products by sales within each category"
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```sql
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SELECT
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p.id,
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p.name AS product_name,
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c.name AS category_name,
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SUM(oi.quantity * oi.price) AS total_sales,
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RANK() OVER (
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PARTITION BY p.category_id
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ORDER BY SUM(oi.quantity * oi.price) DESC
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) AS rank_in_category
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FROM products p
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INNER JOIN categories c ON p.category_id = c.id
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INNER JOIN order_items oi ON p.id = oi.product_id
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INNER JOIN orders o ON oi.order_id = o.id
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WHERE o.status = 'completed'
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GROUP BY p.id, p.name, p.category_id, c.name
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ORDER BY c.name, rank_in_category;
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```
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### **7. INSERT Queries**
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**Request:** "Insert new user with validation"
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```sql
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-- Insert single user
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INSERT INTO users (id, email, name, password, created_at, updated_at)
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VALUES (
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gen_random_uuid(),
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'[email protected]',
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'John Doe',
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'hashed_password_here',
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CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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)
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ON CONFLICT (email) DO NOTHING
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RETURNING id, email, name, created_at;
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-- Bulk insert
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INSERT INTO users (id, email, name, password, created_at, updated_at)
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VALUES
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(gen_random_uuid(), '[email protected]', 'User 1', 'hash1', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
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(gen_random_uuid(), '[email protected]', 'User 2', 'hash2', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
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(gen_random_uuid(), '[email protected]', 'User 3', 'hash3', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
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ON CONFLICT (email) DO NOTHING;
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```
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### **8. UPDATE Queries**
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**Request:** "Update product stock after order"
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```sql
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-- Single update
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UPDATE products
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SET
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stock = stock - 5,
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updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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WHERE id = 'product-uuid-here'
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AND stock >= 5 -- Safety check
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RETURNING id, name, stock;
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-- Batch update with JOIN
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UPDATE products p
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SET
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stock = p.stock - oi.quantity,
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updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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FROM order_items oi
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WHERE p.id = oi.product_id
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AND oi.order_id = 'order-uuid-here'
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AND p.stock >= oi.quantity;
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```
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### **9. DELETE Queries**
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**Request:** "Delete old inactive users"
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```sql
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-- Soft delete (recommended)
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UPDATE users
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SET
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deleted_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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WHERE active = false
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AND last_login_at < CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '1 year'
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RETURNING id, email;
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-- Hard delete (with safety checks)
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DELETE FROM users
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WHERE active = false
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AND last_login_at < CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '2 years'
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AND id NOT IN (
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SELECT DISTINCT customer_id FROM orders
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);
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```
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### **10. Full-Text Search**
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**Request:** "Search blog posts by keyword"
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**PostgreSQL:**
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```sql
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-- Create text search index
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CREATE INDEX idx_posts_search ON posts
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USING GIN (to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || content));
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-- Search query
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SELECT
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id,
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title,
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content,
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ts_rank(
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to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || content),
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plainto_tsquery('english', 'search keywords')
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) AS relevance
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FROM posts
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WHERE to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || content) @@
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plainto_tsquery('english', 'search keywords')
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AND published = true
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ORDER BY relevance DESC, created_at DESC
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LIMIT 20;
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```
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**MySQL:**
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```sql
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-- Create fulltext index
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CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX idx_posts_search ON posts(title, content);
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-- Search query
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SELECT
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id,
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title,
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content,
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MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('search keywords' IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE) AS relevance
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FROM posts
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WHERE MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('search keywords' IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE)
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AND published = true
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ORDER BY relevance DESC, created_at DESC
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LIMIT 20;
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```
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---
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## Optimization Tips
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**1. Use Indexes Wisely:**
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```sql
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-- GOOD: Index foreign keys
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CREATE INDEX idx_posts_author_id ON posts(author_id);
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-- GOOD: Index columns in WHERE clauses
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CREATE INDEX idx_posts_published ON posts(published, created_at DESC);
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-- GOOD: Partial index for specific queries
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CREATE INDEX idx_active_users ON users(email) WHERE active = true;
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```
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**2. Avoid SELECT *:**
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```sql
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-- BAD
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SELECT * FROM users;
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-- GOOD
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SELECT id, email, name FROM users;
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```
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**3. Use LIMIT:**
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```sql
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-- BAD (fetches all rows)
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SELECT * FROM posts ORDER BY created_at DESC;
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-- GOOD (pagination)
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SELECT * FROM posts ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 20 OFFSET 0;
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```
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**4. Optimize JOINs:**
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```sql
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-- Use INNER JOIN when possible (faster than LEFT JOIN)
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-- Use EXISTS instead of IN for large datasets
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-- BAD
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SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (SELECT user_id FROM orders);
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-- GOOD
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SELECT u.* FROM users u WHERE EXISTS (
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SELECT 1 FROM orders o WHERE o.user_id = u.id
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);
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```
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---
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## Database-Specific Syntax
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**PostgreSQL:**
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- `gen_random_uuid()` for UUIDs
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- `INTERVAL` for date math
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- `RETURNING` clause
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- Full-text search with `tsvector`
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**MySQL:**
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- `UUID()` for UUIDs
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- `DATE_SUB()` for date math
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- FULLTEXT indexes for search
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**SQLite:**
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- `hex(randomblob(16))` for UUIDs
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- `datetime()` for dates
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- Limited JOIN types
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---
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## Related Commands
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- `/prisma-schema-gen` - Generate Prisma schemas
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- Database Designer (agent) - Schema design review
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---
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**Query smarter. Optimize faster. Scale confidently.**
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user