Initial commit
This commit is contained in:
Zhongwei Li
523
skills/reading-teacher/references/phonics.md
Normal file
523
skills/reading-teacher/references/phonics.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
|
||||
# Phonics Reference
|
||||
|
||||
Systematic phonics instruction patterns and interactive activities.
|
||||
|
||||
## Phonemic Awareness (Pre-Reading)
|
||||
|
||||
### Sound Recognition
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const letterSounds = {
|
||||
// Consonants
|
||||
'B': 'buh', 'C': 'kuh', 'D': 'duh', 'F': 'fuh', 'G': 'guh',
|
||||
'H': 'huh', 'J': 'juh', 'K': 'kuh', 'L': 'luh', 'M': 'muh',
|
||||
'N': 'nuh', 'P': 'puh', 'Q': 'kwuh', 'R': 'ruh', 'S': 'sss',
|
||||
'T': 'tuh', 'V': 'vuh', 'W': 'wuh', 'X': 'ks', 'Y': 'yuh', 'Z': 'zzz',
|
||||
|
||||
// Vowels (short sounds)
|
||||
'A': 'ah (like apple)', 'E': 'eh (like egg)',
|
||||
'I': 'ih (like igloo)', 'O': 'ah (like octopus)',
|
||||
'U': 'uh (like umbrella)'
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Rhyming Words
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const rhymePatterns = {
|
||||
'at': {
|
||||
words: ['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'hat', 'mat', 'sat', 'fat', 'pat'],
|
||||
emoji: '🐱',
|
||||
color: '#FF6B9D'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'an': {
|
||||
words: ['can', 'man', 'pan', 'ran', 'van', 'fan', 'tan', 'ban'],
|
||||
emoji: '👨',
|
||||
color: '#4ECDC4'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'ig': {
|
||||
words: ['big', 'dig', 'fig', 'pig', 'wig', 'jig'],
|
||||
emoji: '🐷',
|
||||
color: '#FFE66D'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'op': {
|
||||
words: ['hop', 'mop', 'pop', 'top', 'stop', 'shop', 'drop'],
|
||||
emoji: '🛑',
|
||||
color: '#A8E6CF'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'ug': {
|
||||
words: ['bug', 'hug', 'mug', 'rug', 'tug', 'jug', 'dug'],
|
||||
emoji: '🐛',
|
||||
color: '#FF8B94'
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
function createRhymeGame(pattern) {
|
||||
const { words, emoji, color } = rhymePatterns[pattern];
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
pattern: pattern,
|
||||
words: words,
|
||||
display: words.map(w => `${emoji} ${w}`),
|
||||
checkRhyme: (word) => word.endsWith(pattern)
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## CVC Words (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant)
|
||||
|
||||
### Short Vowel Sounds
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const cvcWords = {
|
||||
'a': [
|
||||
'cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'hat', 'mat', 'sat', 'pat', 'fat',
|
||||
'can', 'man', 'pan', 'ran', 'van', 'fan', 'tan', 'ban',
|
||||
'bag', 'rag', 'tag', 'wag', 'sag', 'lag',
|
||||
'cap', 'map', 'tap', 'nap', 'gap', 'lap', 'rap',
|
||||
'dad', 'mad', 'sad', 'bad', 'had', 'pad'
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
'e': [
|
||||
'bed', 'red', 'led', 'fed', 'wed',
|
||||
'hen', 'pen', 'ten', 'den', 'men',
|
||||
'pet', 'net', 'set', 'wet', 'get', 'let', 'met', 'vet',
|
||||
'leg', 'peg', 'beg'
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
'i': [
|
||||
'big', 'dig', 'fig', 'pig', 'wig', 'jig',
|
||||
'bin', 'fin', 'pin', 'tin', 'win', 'din',
|
||||
'bit', 'fit', 'hit', 'kit', 'pit', 'sit', 'lit',
|
||||
'dip', 'hip', 'lip', 'rip', 'sip', 'tip', 'zip'
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
'o': [
|
||||
'dog', 'fog', 'log', 'hog', 'jog',
|
||||
'dot', 'hot', 'lot', 'not', 'pot', 'cot', 'got',
|
||||
'hop', 'mop', 'pop', 'top', 'stop',
|
||||
'box', 'fox', 'ox'
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
'u': [
|
||||
'bug', 'hug', 'mug', 'rug', 'tug', 'jug', 'dug',
|
||||
'bun', 'fun', 'run', 'sun', 'gun',
|
||||
'bus', 'pus', 'us',
|
||||
'but', 'cut', 'hut', 'nut', 'put'
|
||||
]
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
function generateCVCPractice(vowel, count = 5) {
|
||||
const words = cvcWords[vowel];
|
||||
const selected = shuffle(words).slice(0, count);
|
||||
|
||||
return selected.map(word => ({
|
||||
word: word,
|
||||
letters: word.split(''),
|
||||
vowel: vowel,
|
||||
consonants: word.split('').filter(l => l !== vowel),
|
||||
image: getWordImage(word)
|
||||
}));
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Word Building Activity
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
function createWordBuilder(targetWord) {
|
||||
const letters = targetWord.split('');
|
||||
const allLetters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('');
|
||||
|
||||
// Create letter bank with correct letters plus distractors
|
||||
const distractors = shuffle(allLetters.filter(l => !letters.includes(l))).slice(0, 3);
|
||||
const letterBank = shuffle([...letters, ...distractors]);
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
target: targetWord,
|
||||
letters: letterBank,
|
||||
positions: Array(letters.length).fill(''),
|
||||
|
||||
checkWord: function(builtWord) {
|
||||
return builtWord === targetWord;
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
givHint: function() {
|
||||
const firstLetter = letters[0];
|
||||
return `The word starts with "${firstLetter}"`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Consonant Blends
|
||||
|
||||
### Beginning Blends (2-letter)
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const beginningBlends = {
|
||||
'bl': ['blue', 'black', 'block', 'blend', 'bless', 'bleed'],
|
||||
'cl': ['clap', 'clam', 'class', 'climb', 'clock', 'close'],
|
||||
'fl': ['flag', 'flap', 'flat', 'flip', 'flock', 'flow'],
|
||||
'gl': ['glad', 'glass', 'glow', 'glue', 'globe'],
|
||||
'pl': ['plan', 'plant', 'play', 'please', 'plug', 'plum'],
|
||||
'sl': ['slam', 'slap', 'slip', 'slow', 'slug'],
|
||||
|
||||
'br': ['brain', 'branch', 'brave', 'bread', 'brick', 'bring'],
|
||||
'cr': ['crab', 'crack', 'crash', 'crib', 'crop', 'cross'],
|
||||
'dr': ['drag', 'drain', 'draw', 'dream', 'dress', 'drill'],
|
||||
'fr': ['frame', 'fresh', 'friend', 'frog', 'front', 'fruit'],
|
||||
'gr': ['grab', 'grade', 'grain', 'grass', 'green', 'grow'],
|
||||
'pr': ['pray', 'press', 'pretty', 'price', 'print', 'prize'],
|
||||
'tr': ['track', 'train', 'trash', 'tree', 'trick', 'truck'],
|
||||
|
||||
'sc': ['scale', 'scare', 'school', 'score', 'scout'],
|
||||
'sk': ['skate', 'sketch', 'ski', 'skill', 'skip', 'sky'],
|
||||
'sm': ['small', 'smart', 'smell', 'smile', 'smoke'],
|
||||
'sn': ['snack', 'snail', 'snake', 'snap', 'snow'],
|
||||
'sp': ['space', 'spark', 'speak', 'spell', 'spend', 'spin'],
|
||||
'st': ['stack', 'stamp', 'stand', 'star', 'start', 'stop'],
|
||||
'sw': ['swam', 'swap', 'sweep', 'sweet', 'swim', 'swing']
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Ending Blends
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const endingBlends = {
|
||||
'nd': ['and', 'band', 'hand', 'land', 'sand', 'stand', 'wind'],
|
||||
'ng': ['bang', 'king', 'long', 'ring', 'sing', 'song', 'wing'],
|
||||
'nk': ['bank', 'drink', 'pink', 'sink', 'tank', 'think', 'wink'],
|
||||
'nt': ['ant', 'bent', 'went', 'hunt', 'plant', 'sent', 'want'],
|
||||
'mp': ['camp', 'jump', 'lamp', 'pump', 'stamp'],
|
||||
'sk': ['ask', 'desk', 'mask', 'risk', 'task'],
|
||||
'st': ['best', 'fast', 'just', 'last', 'must', 'rest', 'test']
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Blend Practice Game
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
function createBlendGame(blendType, blend) {
|
||||
const words = beginningBlends[blend] || endingBlends[blend];
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
blend: blend,
|
||||
words: words,
|
||||
sound: `"${blend}"`,
|
||||
|
||||
displayWord: function(word) {
|
||||
const parts = word.split(blend);
|
||||
return {
|
||||
before: parts[0],
|
||||
blend: blend,
|
||||
after: parts[1] || parts[0],
|
||||
highlight: blend
|
||||
};
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
createChallenge: function() {
|
||||
const correctWord = words[Math.floor(Math.random() * words.length)];
|
||||
const otherBlends = Object.keys(beginningBlends).filter(b => b !== blend);
|
||||
const wrongBlend = otherBlends[Math.floor(Math.random() * otherBlends.length)];
|
||||
const wrongWord = beginningBlends[wrongBlend][0];
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
question: `Which word has the "${blend}" sound?`,
|
||||
options: shuffle([correctWord, wrongWord]),
|
||||
answer: correctWord
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Digraphs
|
||||
|
||||
### Consonant Digraphs
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const digraphs = {
|
||||
'ch': {
|
||||
sound: 'ch (as in cheese)',
|
||||
words: ['chain', 'chair', 'chalk', 'chap', 'chat', 'check', 'cheese',
|
||||
'chess', 'chest', 'chick', 'child', 'chill', 'chip', 'chop'],
|
||||
emoji: '🧀'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'sh': {
|
||||
sound: 'sh (as in ship)',
|
||||
words: ['shade', 'shake', 'shame', 'shape', 'share', 'shark', 'sharp',
|
||||
'sheep', 'shelf', 'shell', 'shine', 'ship', 'shirt', 'shop'],
|
||||
emoji: '🚢'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'th': {
|
||||
sound: 'th (as in think)',
|
||||
words: ['thank', 'that', 'them', 'then', 'there', 'these', 'thick',
|
||||
'thin', 'thing', 'think', 'third', 'this', 'thorn', 'three'],
|
||||
emoji: '🤔'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'wh': {
|
||||
sound: 'wh (as in whale)',
|
||||
words: ['whale', 'what', 'wheat', 'wheel', 'when', 'where',
|
||||
'which', 'while', 'whip', 'white', 'why'],
|
||||
emoji: '🐋'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'ph': {
|
||||
sound: 'f (as in phone)',
|
||||
words: ['phone', 'photo', 'phrase', 'physical'],
|
||||
emoji: '📞'
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Vowel Digraphs
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const vowelDigraphs = {
|
||||
'ai': {
|
||||
sound: 'long a (as in rain)',
|
||||
words: ['brain', 'chain', 'gain', 'mail', 'main', 'nail', 'pain',
|
||||
'rail', 'rain', 'sail', 'tail', 'train', 'wait'],
|
||||
emoji: '🌧️'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'ay': {
|
||||
sound: 'long a (as in play)',
|
||||
words: ['day', 'hay', 'jay', 'lay', 'may', 'pay', 'play',
|
||||
'ray', 'say', 'stay', 'tray', 'way'],
|
||||
emoji: '🎮'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'ea': {
|
||||
sound: 'long e (as in eat)',
|
||||
words: ['beach', 'bean', 'clean', 'dream', 'eat', 'leaf', 'mean',
|
||||
'meat', 'peas', 'read', 'seal', 'steam', 'teach', 'team'],
|
||||
emoji: '🍃'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'ee': {
|
||||
sound: 'long e (as in tree)',
|
||||
words: ['bee', 'feed', 'feel', 'free', 'green', 'knee', 'need',
|
||||
'seed', 'see', 'sleep', 'street', 'tree', 'three', 'wheel'],
|
||||
emoji: '🌳'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'oa': {
|
||||
sound: 'long o (as in boat)',
|
||||
words: ['boat', 'coat', 'float', 'goat', 'load', 'road',
|
||||
'soap', 'soak', 'toad', 'toast'],
|
||||
emoji: '🚤'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'ow': {
|
||||
sound: 'long o (as in snow)',
|
||||
words: ['blow', 'bow', 'flow', 'glow', 'grow', 'know',
|
||||
'low', 'mow', 'row', 'show', 'slow', 'snow'],
|
||||
emoji: '❄️'
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'oo': {
|
||||
sound: 'oo (as in moon)',
|
||||
words: ['boom', 'boo', 'cool', 'food', 'moon', 'noon',
|
||||
'pool', 'room', 'soon', 'spoon', 'zoo'],
|
||||
emoji: '🌙'
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Silent Letters
|
||||
|
||||
### Silent E (Magic E)
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const magicE = {
|
||||
'a_e': {
|
||||
pattern: 'a + consonant + e',
|
||||
sound: 'long a',
|
||||
pairs: [
|
||||
{ short: 'cap', long: 'cape' },
|
||||
{ short: 'hat', long: 'hate' },
|
||||
{ short: 'mad', long: 'made' },
|
||||
{ short: 'tap', long: 'tape' },
|
||||
{ short: 'can', long: 'cane' },
|
||||
{ short: 'pan', long: 'pane' },
|
||||
{ short: 'plan', long: 'plane' }
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'i_e': {
|
||||
pattern: 'i + consonant + e',
|
||||
sound: 'long i',
|
||||
pairs: [
|
||||
{ short: 'bit', long: 'bite' },
|
||||
{ short: 'kit', long: 'kite' },
|
||||
{ short: 'pin', long: 'pine' },
|
||||
{ short: 'rip', long: 'ripe' },
|
||||
{ short: 'dim', long: 'dime' },
|
||||
{ short: 'slid', long: 'slide' }
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'o_e': {
|
||||
pattern: 'o + consonant + e',
|
||||
sound: 'long o',
|
||||
pairs: [
|
||||
{ short: 'hop', long: 'hope' },
|
||||
{ short: 'not', long: 'note' },
|
||||
{ short: 'rob', long: 'robe' },
|
||||
{ short: 'rod', long: 'rode' },
|
||||
{ short: 'con', long: 'cone' }
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
'u_e': {
|
||||
pattern: 'u + consonant + e',
|
||||
sound: 'long u',
|
||||
pairs: [
|
||||
{ short: 'cub', long: 'cube' },
|
||||
{ short: 'cut', long: 'cute' },
|
||||
{ short: 'tub', long: 'tube' },
|
||||
{ short: 'us', long: 'use' }
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
function createMagicEGame(vowel) {
|
||||
const pattern = `${vowel}_e`;
|
||||
const pairs = magicE[pattern].pairs;
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
pattern: pattern,
|
||||
explanation: `Adding 'e' makes the ${vowel} say its name!`,
|
||||
|
||||
showTransformation: function(pair) {
|
||||
return {
|
||||
before: `${pair.short} (short ${vowel})`,
|
||||
after: `${pair.long} (long ${vowel})`,
|
||||
animation: `${pair.short} → ${pair.long}`
|
||||
};
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
quiz: function() {
|
||||
const pair = pairs[Math.floor(Math.random() * pairs.length)];
|
||||
return {
|
||||
question: `Add magic 'e' to "${pair.short}"`,
|
||||
answer: pair.long
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Silent Letters
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const silentLetters = {
|
||||
'silent k': {
|
||||
words: ['knee', 'knife', 'knight', 'knit', 'knock', 'know'],
|
||||
rule: 'K is silent before N'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'silent w': {
|
||||
words: ['wrap', 'wrist', 'write', 'wrong', 'wreck'],
|
||||
rule: 'W is silent before R'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'silent b': {
|
||||
words: ['bomb', 'climb', 'comb', 'crumb', 'lamb', 'thumb'],
|
||||
rule: 'B is silent after M'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'silent h': {
|
||||
words: ['honest', 'honor', 'hour'],
|
||||
rule: 'H is silent in some words'
|
||||
},
|
||||
'silent gh': {
|
||||
words: ['high', 'light', 'night', 'right', 'fight', 'sight'],
|
||||
rule: 'GH is silent in -ight words'
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Interactive Phonics Activities
|
||||
|
||||
### Sound Sorting Game
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
function createSoundSortingGame(targetSound) {
|
||||
const withSound = getWordsWithSound(targetSound);
|
||||
const withoutSound = getRandomWords(5);
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
targetSound: targetSound,
|
||||
allWords: shuffle([...withSound, ...withoutSound]),
|
||||
|
||||
checkWord: function(word) {
|
||||
return word.includes(targetSound);
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
feedback: function(word, userChoice) {
|
||||
const correct = this.checkWord(word);
|
||||
if (userChoice === correct) {
|
||||
return { correct: true, message: `✓ Yes! "${word}" has "${targetSound}"` };
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
return { correct: false, message: `Try again! Listen for "${targetSound}"` };
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Word Family Builder
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
function buildWordFamily(ending) {
|
||||
const consonants = 'bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz'.split('');
|
||||
|
||||
const words = consonants
|
||||
.map(c => c + ending)
|
||||
.filter(word => isRealWord(word));
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
family: `-${ending}`,
|
||||
words: words,
|
||||
pattern: `_${ending}`,
|
||||
|
||||
display: function() {
|
||||
return words.map(word => ({
|
||||
word: word,
|
||||
highlight: ending,
|
||||
display: `${word[0]} + ${ending} = ${word}`
|
||||
}));
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
createPractice: function() {
|
||||
const target = words[Math.floor(Math.random() * words.length)];
|
||||
const missing = target[0];
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
question: `_${ending} = ${target}`,
|
||||
answer: missing,
|
||||
word: target
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Pronunciation Guides
|
||||
|
||||
### Visual Phonics Symbols
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const phonicsSymbols = {
|
||||
shortA: { symbol: 'ă', example: 'apple', mouth: '😮' },
|
||||
longA: { symbol: 'ā', example: 'ape', mouth: '😁' },
|
||||
shortE: { symbol: 'ĕ', example: 'egg', mouth: '😐' },
|
||||
longE: { symbol: 'ē', example: 'eat', mouth: '😊' },
|
||||
shortI: { symbol: 'ĭ', example: 'igloo', mouth: '🙂' },
|
||||
longI: { symbol: 'ī', example: 'ice', mouth: '😲' },
|
||||
shortO: { symbol: 'ŏ', example: 'octopus', mouth: '😯' },
|
||||
longO: { symbol: 'ō', example: 'open', mouth: '😮' },
|
||||
shortU: { symbol: 'ŭ', example: 'umbrella', mouth: '😐' },
|
||||
longU: { symbol: 'ū', example: 'use', mouth: '😗' }
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Summary
|
||||
|
||||
Phonics patterns provide:
|
||||
- Systematic sound-letter correspondence
|
||||
- Progressive skill building
|
||||
- Interactive practice activities
|
||||
- Visual and auditory learning
|
||||
- Game-based engagement
|
||||
- Clear pronunciation guides
|
||||
|
||||
Use these patterns to create effective phonics playgrounds!
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user