# Create Dockerfile Command

You are helping the user create an optimized Dockerfile for containerizing their application following Sngular's DevOps best practices.

## Instructions

1. **Detect application type**:
   - Node.js (Express, Fastify, NestJS, Next.js)
   - Python (FastAPI, Flask, Django)
   - Go application
   - Java/Spring Boot
   - Static site (React, Vue, etc.)
   - Multi-service application

2. **Determine build requirements**:
   - Package manager (npm, yarn, pnpm, pip, go mod, maven, gradle)
   - Build steps needed
   - Dependencies to install
   - Environment variables required
   - Port to expose

3. **Ask for optimization preferences**:
   - Multi-stage build (recommended)
   - Base image preference (alpine, slim, distroless)
   - Development vs production
   - Build caching strategy

## Dockerfile Templates

### Node.js Application (Multi-stage)

```dockerfile
# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1

# Build stage
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app

# Install dependencies first (better caching)
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production && npm cache clean --force

# Copy application code
COPY . .

# Build application (if needed)
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM node:20-alpine AS production

# Security: Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && \
    adduser -S nodejs -u 1001

WORKDIR /app

# Copy only necessary files from builder
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/package*.json ./

# Switch to non-root user
USER nodejs

# Expose application port
EXPOSE 3000

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD node -e "require('http').get('http://localhost:3000/health', (r) => process.exit(r.statusCode === 200 ? 0 : 1))"

# Start application
CMD ["node", "dist/main.js"]
```

### Next.js Application

```dockerfile
FROM node:20-alpine AS deps
RUN apk add --no-cache libc6-compat
WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci

FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .

ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1

RUN npm run build

FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app

ENV NODE_ENV production
ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1

RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 nodejs && \
    adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

COPY --from=builder /app/public ./public
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/static ./.next/static

USER nextjs

EXPOSE 3000

ENV PORT 3000
ENV HOSTNAME "0.0.0.0"

CMD ["node", "server.js"]
```

### Python FastAPI Application

```dockerfile
# Build stage
FROM python:3.11-slim AS builder

WORKDIR /app

# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    gcc \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --no-deps --wheel-dir /app/wheels -r requirements.txt

# Production stage
FROM python:3.11-slim

WORKDIR /app

# Install runtime dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    curl \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Copy wheels and install
COPY --from=builder /app/wheels /wheels
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache /wheels/*

# Create non-root user
RUN useradd -m -u 1001 appuser

# Copy application
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser . .

USER appuser

EXPOSE 8000

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost:8000/health || exit 1

CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]
```

### Go Application

```dockerfile
# Build stage
FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app

# Install build dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache git

# Copy go mod files
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download

# Copy source code
COPY . .

# Build binary with optimizations
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -ldflags="-w -s" -o main .

# Production stage (distroless for minimal size)
FROM gcr.io/distroless/static-debian11

WORKDIR /app

# Copy binary from builder
COPY --from=builder /app/main .

# Use numeric user ID (distroless doesn't have /etc/passwd)
USER 65532:65532

EXPOSE 8080

ENTRYPOINT ["/app/main"]
```

### Static Site (Nginx)

```dockerfile
# Build stage
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM nginx:alpine

# Copy custom nginx config
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

# Copy built files
COPY --from=builder /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html

# Add non-root user
RUN chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/html && \
    chmod -R 755 /usr/share/nginx/html && \
    chown -R nginx:nginx /var/cache/nginx && \
    chown -R nginx:nginx /var/log/nginx && \
    touch /var/run/nginx.pid && \
    chown -R nginx:nginx /var/run/nginx.pid

USER nginx

EXPOSE 8080

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD wget --quiet --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1

CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
```

## Nginx Configuration for Static Sites

```nginx
# nginx.conf
server {
    listen 8080;
    server_name _;
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html;

    # Security headers
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;

    # Gzip compression
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/javascript application/xml+rss application/json;

    # Cache static assets
    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    # SPA routing
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    # Health check
    location /health {
        access_log off;
        return 200 "healthy\n";
        add_header Content-Type text/plain;
    }
}
```

## .dockerignore File

```
# .dockerignore
node_modules
npm-debug.log
dist
build
.git
.gitignore
.env
.env.local
.env.*.local
README.md
.vscode
.idea
*.log
coverage
.next
.cache
__pycache__
*.pyc
*.pyo
.pytest_cache
.mypy_cache
target
bin
obj
```

## Docker Compose for Development

```yaml
# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
      target: development
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - .:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=development
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:password@db:5432/myapp
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis

  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: myapp
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"

volumes:
  postgres_data:
```

## Best Practices

### Security
- Use specific version tags, not `latest`
- Run as non-root user
- Use minimal base images (alpine, slim, distroless)
- Scan images for vulnerabilities
- Don't include secrets in images

### Performance
- Use multi-stage builds to reduce image size
- Leverage build cache (COPY dependencies first)
- Combine RUN commands to reduce layers
- Use .dockerignore to exclude unnecessary files

### Optimization
```dockerfile
# Bad: Creates multiple layers
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y curl
RUN apt-get install -y git

# Good: Single layer with cleanup
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    curl \
    git \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
```

### Health Checks
```dockerfile
# Application health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1
```

### Build Arguments
```dockerfile
ARG NODE_VERSION=20
FROM node:${NODE_VERSION}-alpine

ARG BUILD_DATE
ARG VCS_REF
LABEL org.label-schema.build-date=$BUILD_DATE \
      org.label-schema.vcs-ref=$VCS_REF
```

## Building and Running

```bash
# Build image
docker build -t myapp:latest .

# Build with build args
docker build --build-arg NODE_VERSION=20 -t myapp:latest .

# Run container
docker run -p 3000:3000 -e NODE_ENV=production myapp:latest

# Run with docker-compose
docker-compose up -d

# View logs
docker logs -f myapp

# Execute command in container
docker exec -it myapp sh
```

## Image Size Optimization

```dockerfile
# Use smaller base images
FROM node:20-alpine          # ~110MB
# vs
FROM node:20                 # ~900MB

# Use distroless for Go/static binaries
FROM gcr.io/distroless/static-debian11  # ~2MB

# Multi-stage builds
FROM node:20 AS builder
# ... build steps
FROM node:20-alpine AS production
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
```

Ask the user: "What type of application would you like to containerize?"