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+---
+name: monorepo-management
+description: Master monorepo management with Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm workspaces to build efficient, scalable multi-package repositories with optimized builds and dependency management. Use when setting up monorepos, optimizing builds, or managing shared dependencies.
+---
+
+# Monorepo Management
+
+Build efficient, scalable monorepos that enable code sharing, consistent tooling, and atomic changes across multiple packages and applications.
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+- Setting up new monorepo projects
+- Migrating from multi-repo to monorepo
+- Optimizing build and test performance
+- Managing shared dependencies
+- Implementing code sharing strategies
+- Setting up CI/CD for monorepos
+- Versioning and publishing packages
+- Debugging monorepo-specific issues
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### 1. Why Monorepos?
+
+**Advantages:**
+- Shared code and dependencies
+- Atomic commits across projects
+- Consistent tooling and standards
+- Easier refactoring
+- Simplified dependency management
+- Better code visibility
+
+**Challenges:**
+- Build performance at scale
+- CI/CD complexity
+- Access control
+- Large Git repository
+
+### 2. Monorepo Tools
+
+**Package Managers:**
+- pnpm workspaces (recommended)
+- npm workspaces
+- Yarn workspaces
+
+**Build Systems:**
+- Turborepo (recommended for most)
+- Nx (feature-rich, complex)
+- Lerna (older, maintenance mode)
+
+## Turborepo Setup
+
+### Initial Setup
+
+```bash
+# Create new monorepo
+npx create-turbo@latest my-monorepo
+cd my-monorepo
+
+# Structure:
+# apps/
+#   web/          - Next.js app
+#   docs/         - Documentation site
+# packages/
+#   ui/           - Shared UI components
+#   config/       - Shared configurations
+#   tsconfig/     - Shared TypeScript configs
+# turbo.json      - Turborepo configuration
+# package.json    - Root package.json
+```
+
+### Configuration
+
+```json
+// turbo.json
+{
+  "$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
+  "globalDependencies": ["**/.env.*local"],
+  "pipeline": {
+    "build": {
+      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
+      "outputs": ["dist/**", ".next/**", "!.next/cache/**"]
+    },
+    "test": {
+      "dependsOn": ["build"],
+      "outputs": ["coverage/**"]
+    },
+    "lint": {
+      "outputs": []
+    },
+    "dev": {
+      "cache": false,
+      "persistent": true
+    },
+    "type-check": {
+      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
+      "outputs": []
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+```json
+// package.json (root)
+{
+  "name": "my-monorepo",
+  "private": true,
+  "workspaces": [
+    "apps/*",
+    "packages/*"
+  ],
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "turbo run build",
+    "dev": "turbo run dev",
+    "test": "turbo run test",
+    "lint": "turbo run lint",
+    "format": "prettier --write \"**/*.{ts,tsx,md}\"",
+    "clean": "turbo run clean && rm -rf node_modules"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "turbo": "^1.10.0",
+    "prettier": "^3.0.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "packageManager": "pnpm@8.0.0"
+}
+```
+
+### Package Structure
+
+```json
+// packages/ui/package.json
+{
+  "name": "@repo/ui",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "import": "./dist/index.js",
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+    },
+    "./button": {
+      "import": "./dist/button.js",
+      "types": "./dist/button.d.ts"
+    }
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts",
+    "dev": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts --watch",
+    "lint": "eslint src/",
+    "type-check": "tsc --noEmit"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@repo/tsconfig": "workspace:*",
+    "tsup": "^7.0.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "react": "^18.2.0"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## pnpm Workspaces
+
+### Setup
+
+```yaml
+# pnpm-workspace.yaml
+packages:
+  - 'apps/*'
+  - 'packages/*'
+  - 'tools/*'
+```
+
+```json
+// .npmrc
+# Hoist shared dependencies
+shamefully-hoist=true
+
+# Strict peer dependencies
+auto-install-peers=true
+strict-peer-dependencies=true
+
+# Performance
+store-dir=~/.pnpm-store
+```
+
+### Dependency Management
+
+```bash
+# Install dependency in specific package
+pnpm add react --filter @repo/ui
+pnpm add -D typescript --filter @repo/ui
+
+# Install workspace dependency
+pnpm add @repo/ui --filter web
+
+# Install in all packages
+pnpm add -D eslint -w
+
+# Update all dependencies
+pnpm update -r
+
+# Remove dependency
+pnpm remove react --filter @repo/ui
+```
+
+### Scripts
+
+```bash
+# Run script in specific package
+pnpm --filter web dev
+pnpm --filter @repo/ui build
+
+# Run in all packages
+pnpm -r build
+pnpm -r test
+
+# Run in parallel
+pnpm -r --parallel dev
+
+# Filter by pattern
+pnpm --filter "@repo/*" build
+pnpm --filter "...web" build  # Build web and dependencies
+```
+
+## Nx Monorepo
+
+### Setup
+
+```bash
+# Create Nx monorepo
+npx create-nx-workspace@latest my-org
+
+# Generate applications
+nx generate @nx/react:app my-app
+nx generate @nx/next:app my-next-app
+
+# Generate libraries
+nx generate @nx/react:lib ui-components
+nx generate @nx/js:lib utils
+```
+
+### Configuration
+
+```json
+// nx.json
+{
+  "extends": "nx/presets/npm.json",
+  "$schema": "./node_modules/nx/schemas/nx-schema.json",
+  "targetDefaults": {
+    "build": {
+      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
+      "inputs": ["production", "^production"],
+      "cache": true
+    },
+    "test": {
+      "inputs": ["default", "^production", "{workspaceRoot}/jest.preset.js"],
+      "cache": true
+    },
+    "lint": {
+      "inputs": ["default", "{workspaceRoot}/.eslintrc.json"],
+      "cache": true
+    }
+  },
+  "namedInputs": {
+    "default": ["{projectRoot}/**/*", "sharedGlobals"],
+    "production": [
+      "default",
+      "!{projectRoot}/**/?(*.)+(spec|test).[jt]s?(x)?(.snap)",
+      "!{projectRoot}/tsconfig.spec.json"
+    ],
+    "sharedGlobals": []
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Running Tasks
+
+```bash
+# Run task for specific project
+nx build my-app
+nx test ui-components
+nx lint utils
+
+# Run for affected projects
+nx affected:build
+nx affected:test --base=main
+
+# Visualize dependencies
+nx graph
+
+# Run in parallel
+nx run-many --target=build --all --parallel=3
+```
+
+## Shared Configurations
+
+### TypeScript Configuration
+
+```json
+// packages/tsconfig/base.json
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "strict": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "incremental": true,
+    "declaration": true
+  },
+  "exclude": ["node_modules"]
+}
+
+// packages/tsconfig/react.json
+{
+  "extends": "./base.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"]
+  }
+}
+
+// apps/web/tsconfig.json
+{
+  "extends": "@repo/tsconfig/react.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "outDir": "dist",
+    "rootDir": "src"
+  },
+  "include": ["src"],
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
+}
+```
+
+### ESLint Configuration
+
+```javascript
+// packages/config/eslint-preset.js
+module.exports = {
+  extends: [
+    'eslint:recommended',
+    'plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended',
+    'plugin:react/recommended',
+    'plugin:react-hooks/recommended',
+    'prettier',
+  ],
+  plugins: ['@typescript-eslint', 'react', 'react-hooks'],
+  parser: '@typescript-eslint/parser',
+  parserOptions: {
+    ecmaVersion: 2022,
+    sourceType: 'module',
+    ecmaFeatures: {
+      jsx: true,
+    },
+  },
+  settings: {
+    react: {
+      version: 'detect',
+    },
+  },
+  rules: {
+    '@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars': 'error',
+    'react/react-in-jsx-scope': 'off',
+  },
+};
+
+// apps/web/.eslintrc.js
+module.exports = {
+  extends: ['@repo/config/eslint-preset'],
+  rules: {
+    // App-specific rules
+  },
+};
+```
+
+## Code Sharing Patterns
+
+### Pattern 1: Shared UI Components
+
+```typescript
+// packages/ui/src/button.tsx
+import * as React from 'react';
+
+export interface ButtonProps {
+  variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary';
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  onClick?: () => void;
+}
+
+export function Button({ variant = 'primary', children, onClick }: ButtonProps) {
+  return (
+    <button
+      className={`btn btn-${variant}`}
+      onClick={onClick}
+    >
+      {children}
+    </button>
+  );
+}
+
+// packages/ui/src/index.ts
+export { Button, type ButtonProps } from './button';
+export { Input, type InputProps } from './input';
+
+// apps/web/src/app.tsx
+import { Button } from '@repo/ui';
+
+export function App() {
+  return <Button variant="primary">Click me</Button>;
+}
+```
+
+### Pattern 2: Shared Utilities
+
+```typescript
+// packages/utils/src/string.ts
+export function capitalize(str: string): string {
+  return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1);
+}
+
+export function truncate(str: string, length: number): string {
+  return str.length > length ? str.slice(0, length) + '...' : str;
+}
+
+// packages/utils/src/index.ts
+export * from './string';
+export * from './array';
+export * from './date';
+
+// Usage in apps
+import { capitalize, truncate } from '@repo/utils';
+```
+
+### Pattern 3: Shared Types
+
+```typescript
+// packages/types/src/user.ts
+export interface User {
+  id: string;
+  email: string;
+  name: string;
+  role: 'admin' | 'user';
+}
+
+export interface CreateUserInput {
+  email: string;
+  name: string;
+  password: string;
+}
+
+// Used in both frontend and backend
+import type { User, CreateUserInput } from '@repo/types';
+```
+
+## Build Optimization
+
+### Turborepo Caching
+
+```json
+// turbo.json
+{
+  "pipeline": {
+    "build": {
+      // Build depends on dependencies being built first
+      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
+
+      // Cache these outputs
+      "outputs": ["dist/**", ".next/**"],
+
+      // Cache based on these inputs (default: all files)
+      "inputs": ["src/**/*.tsx", "src/**/*.ts", "package.json"]
+    },
+    "test": {
+      // Run tests in parallel, don't depend on build
+      "cache": true,
+      "outputs": ["coverage/**"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Remote Caching
+
+```bash
+# Turborepo Remote Cache (Vercel)
+npx turbo login
+npx turbo link
+
+# Custom remote cache
+# turbo.json
+{
+  "remoteCache": {
+    "signature": true,
+    "enabled": true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## CI/CD for Monorepos
+
+### GitHub Actions
+
+```yaml
+# .github/workflows/ci.yml
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0  # For Nx affected commands
+
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v2
+        with:
+          version: 8
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: 18
+          cache: 'pnpm'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: pnpm turbo run build
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: pnpm turbo run test
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: pnpm turbo run lint
+
+      - name: Type check
+        run: pnpm turbo run type-check
+```
+
+### Deploy Affected Only
+
+```yaml
+# Deploy only changed apps
+- name: Deploy affected apps
+  run: |
+    if pnpm nx affected:apps --base=origin/main --head=HEAD | grep -q "web"; then
+      echo "Deploying web app"
+      pnpm --filter web deploy
+    fi
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Consistent Versioning**: Lock dependency versions across workspace
+2. **Shared Configs**: Centralize ESLint, TypeScript, Prettier configs
+3. **Dependency Graph**: Keep it acyclic, avoid circular dependencies
+4. **Cache Effectively**: Configure inputs/outputs correctly
+5. **Type Safety**: Share types between frontend/backend
+6. **Testing Strategy**: Unit tests in packages, E2E in apps
+7. **Documentation**: README in each package
+8. **Release Strategy**: Use changesets for versioning
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+- **Circular Dependencies**: A depends on B, B depends on A
+- **Phantom Dependencies**: Using deps not in package.json
+- **Incorrect Cache Inputs**: Missing files in Turborepo inputs
+- **Over-Sharing**: Sharing code that should be separate
+- **Under-Sharing**: Duplicating code across packages
+- **Large Monorepos**: Without proper tooling, builds slow down
+
+## Publishing Packages
+
+```bash
+# Using Changesets
+pnpm add -Dw @changesets/cli
+pnpm changeset init
+
+# Create changeset
+pnpm changeset
+
+# Version packages
+pnpm changeset version
+
+# Publish
+pnpm changeset publish
+```
+
+```yaml
+# .github/workflows/release.yml
+- name: Create Release Pull Request or Publish
+  uses: changesets/action@v1
+  with:
+    publish: pnpm release
+  env:
+    GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+    NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
+```
+
+## Resources
+
+- **references/turborepo-guide.md**: Comprehensive Turborepo documentation
+- **references/nx-guide.md**: Nx monorepo patterns
+- **references/pnpm-workspaces.md**: pnpm workspace features
+- **assets/monorepo-checklist.md**: Setup checklist
+- **assets/migration-guide.md**: Multi-repo to monorepo migration
+- **scripts/dependency-graph.ts**: Visualize package dependencies