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Zhongwei Li
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skills/hybrid-cloud-networking/SKILL.md
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skills/hybrid-cloud-networking/SKILL.md
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name: hybrid-cloud-networking
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description: Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises infrastructure and cloud platforms using VPN and dedicated connections. Use when building hybrid cloud architectures, connecting data centers to cloud, or implementing secure cross-premises networking.
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---
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# Hybrid Cloud Networking
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Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises and cloud environments using VPN, Direct Connect, and ExpressRoute.
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## Purpose
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Establish secure, reliable network connectivity between on-premises data centers and cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP).
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## When to Use
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- Connect on-premises to cloud
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- Extend datacenter to cloud
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- Implement hybrid active-active setups
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- Meet compliance requirements
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- Migrate to cloud gradually
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## Connection Options
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### AWS Connectivity
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#### 1. Site-to-Site VPN
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- IPSec VPN over internet
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- Up to 1.25 Gbps per tunnel
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- Cost-effective for moderate bandwidth
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- Higher latency, internet-dependent
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```hcl
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resource "aws_vpn_gateway" "main" {
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vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
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tags = {
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Name = "main-vpn-gateway"
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}
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}
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resource "aws_customer_gateway" "main" {
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bgp_asn = 65000
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ip_address = "203.0.113.1"
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type = "ipsec.1"
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}
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resource "aws_vpn_connection" "main" {
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vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
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customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.main.id
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type = "ipsec.1"
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static_routes_only = false
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}
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```
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#### 2. AWS Direct Connect
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- Dedicated network connection
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- 1 Gbps to 100 Gbps
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- Lower latency, consistent bandwidth
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- More expensive, setup time required
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**Reference:** See `references/direct-connect.md`
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### Azure Connectivity
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#### 1. Site-to-Site VPN
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```hcl
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resource "azurerm_virtual_network_gateway" "vpn" {
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name = "vpn-gateway"
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location = azurerm_resource_group.main.location
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resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.main.name
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type = "Vpn"
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vpn_type = "RouteBased"
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sku = "VpnGw1"
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ip_configuration {
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name = "vnetGatewayConfig"
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public_ip_address_id = azurerm_public_ip.vpn.id
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private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
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subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.gateway.id
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}
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}
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```
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#### 2. Azure ExpressRoute
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- Private connection via connectivity provider
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- Up to 100 Gbps
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- Low latency, high reliability
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- Premium for global connectivity
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### GCP Connectivity
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#### 1. Cloud VPN
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- IPSec VPN (Classic or HA VPN)
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- HA VPN: 99.99% SLA
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- Up to 3 Gbps per tunnel
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#### 2. Cloud Interconnect
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- Dedicated (10 Gbps, 100 Gbps)
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- Partner (50 Mbps to 50 Gbps)
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- Lower latency than VPN
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## Hybrid Network Patterns
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### Pattern 1: Hub-and-Spoke
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```
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On-Premises Datacenter
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↓
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VPN/Direct Connect
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↓
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Transit Gateway (AWS) / vWAN (Azure)
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↓
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├─ Production VPC/VNet
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├─ Staging VPC/VNet
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└─ Development VPC/VNet
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```
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### Pattern 2: Multi-Region Hybrid
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```
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On-Premises
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├─ Direct Connect → us-east-1
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└─ Direct Connect → us-west-2
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↓
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Cross-Region Peering
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```
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### Pattern 3: Multi-Cloud Hybrid
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```
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On-Premises Datacenter
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├─ Direct Connect → AWS
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├─ ExpressRoute → Azure
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└─ Interconnect → GCP
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```
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## Routing Configuration
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### BGP Configuration
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```
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On-Premises Router:
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- AS Number: 65000
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- Advertise: 10.0.0.0/8
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Cloud Router:
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- AS Number: 64512 (AWS), 65515 (Azure)
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- Advertise: Cloud VPC/VNet CIDRs
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```
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### Route Propagation
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- Enable route propagation on route tables
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- Use BGP for dynamic routing
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- Implement route filtering
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- Monitor route advertisements
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## Security Best Practices
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1. **Use private connectivity** (Direct Connect/ExpressRoute)
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2. **Implement encryption** for VPN tunnels
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3. **Use VPC endpoints** to avoid internet routing
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4. **Configure network ACLs** and security groups
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5. **Enable VPC Flow Logs** for monitoring
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6. **Implement DDoS protection**
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7. **Use PrivateLink/Private Endpoints**
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8. **Monitor connections** with CloudWatch/Monitor
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9. **Implement redundancy** (dual tunnels)
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10. **Regular security audits**
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## High Availability
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### Dual VPN Tunnels
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```hcl
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resource "aws_vpn_connection" "primary" {
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vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
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customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.primary.id
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type = "ipsec.1"
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}
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resource "aws_vpn_connection" "secondary" {
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vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
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customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.secondary.id
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type = "ipsec.1"
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}
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```
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### Active-Active Configuration
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- Multiple connections from different locations
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- BGP for automatic failover
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- Equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing
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- Monitor health of all connections
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## Monitoring and Troubleshooting
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### Key Metrics
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- Tunnel status (up/down)
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- Bytes in/out
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- Packet loss
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- Latency
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- BGP session status
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### Troubleshooting
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```bash
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# AWS VPN
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aws ec2 describe-vpn-connections
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aws ec2 get-vpn-connection-telemetry
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# Azure VPN
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az network vpn-connection show
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az network vpn-connection show-device-config-script
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```
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## Cost Optimization
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1. **Right-size connections** based on traffic
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2. **Use VPN for low-bandwidth** workloads
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3. **Consolidate traffic** through fewer connections
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4. **Minimize data transfer** costs
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5. **Use Direct Connect** for high bandwidth
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6. **Implement caching** to reduce traffic
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## Reference Files
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- `references/vpn-setup.md` - VPN configuration guide
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- `references/direct-connect.md` - Direct Connect setup
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## Related Skills
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- `multi-cloud-architecture` - For architecture decisions
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- `terraform-module-library` - For IaC implementation
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