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Zhongwei Li
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# Performance Optimization Checklist
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Systematic checklist for identifying and fixing performance bottlenecks across frontend, backend, and database.
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## Pre-Optimization
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- [ ] **Establish baseline metrics** (response times, load times, memory usage)
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- [ ] **Identify user-facing issues** (slow pages, timeouts)
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- [ ] **Set performance budgets** (< 3s load, < 100ms API response)
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- [ ] **Prioritize optimization areas** (database, frontend, backend)
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- [ ] **Set up profiling tools** (Chrome DevTools, Node.js inspector, APM)
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## Frontend Performance (React/TypeScript)
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### Bundle Size
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- [ ] **Bundle analyzed** (use webpack-bundle-analyzer)
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- [ ] **Code splitting implemented** (route-based, component-based)
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- [ ] **Tree shaking working** (no unused code shipped)
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- [ ] **Dependencies optimized** (no duplicate dependencies)
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- [ ] **Total bundle < 200KB gzipped**
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### React Optimization
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- [ ] **useMemo** for expensive computations
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- [ ] **useCallback** for functions passed as props
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- [ ] **React.memo** for components that re-render unnecessarily
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- [ ] **Virtual scrolling** for long lists (react-window, tanstack-virtual)
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- [ ] **Lazy loading** for offscreen components
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### Images & Assets
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- [ ] **Images optimized** (WebP format, appropriate sizes)
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- [ ] **Lazy loading** for below-fold images
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- [ ] **Responsive images** (srcset, picture element)
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- [ ] **SVG sprites** for icons
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- [ ] **CDN used** for static assets
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### Loading Performance
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- [ ] **Critical CSS inlined**
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- [ ] **Fonts preloaded** (font-display: swap)
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- [ ] **Prefetch/preconnect** for critical resources
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- [ ] **Service worker** for offline support (if applicable)
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- [ ] **First Contentful Paint < 1.8s**
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- [ ] **Largest Contentful Paint < 2.5s**
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- [ ] **Time to Interactive < 3.8s**
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### Runtime Performance
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- [ ] **No layout thrashing** (batch DOM reads/writes)
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- [ ] **RequestAnimationFrame** for animations
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- [ ] **Debounce/throttle** for frequent events
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- [ ] **Web Workers** for heavy computations
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- [ ] **Frame rate stable** (60fps)
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## Backend Performance (Node.js/Python)
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### API Response Times
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- [ ] **Endpoints respond < 100ms** (simple queries)
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- [ ] **Endpoints respond < 500ms** (complex operations)
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- [ ] **Timeout configured** (prevent hanging requests)
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- [ ] **Connection pooling** enabled
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- [ ] **Keep-alive** connections used
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### Caching
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- [ ] **HTTP caching headers** set (Cache-Control, ETag)
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- [ ] **Redis caching** for expensive queries
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- [ ] **Memory caching** for frequently accessed data
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- [ ] **Cache invalidation** strategy defined
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- [ ] **CDN caching** for static content
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### Async Operations
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- [ ] **Async/await** used instead of blocking operations
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- [ ] **Promise.all** for parallel operations
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- [ ] **Background jobs** for heavy tasks (queues)
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- [ ] **Rate limiting** to prevent overload
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- [ ] **Circuit breakers** for external services
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### Node.js Specific
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- [ ] **Cluster mode** for multi-core utilization
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- [ ] **V8 heap size** optimized (--max-old-space-size)
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- [ ] **GC tuning** if needed
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- [ ] **No synchronous file operations**
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### Python Specific
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- [ ] **Async endpoints** (async def) for I/O operations
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- [ ] **uvicorn workers** configured (multi-process)
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- [ ] **Connection pooling** for database
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- [ ] **Pydantic models** compiled (v2 for performance)
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## Database Performance
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### Query Optimization
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- [ ] **No N+1 queries** (use joins, eager loading)
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- [ ] **Indexes on frequently queried columns**
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- [ ] **Indexes on foreign keys**
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- [ ] **Composite indexes** for multi-column queries
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- [ ] **Query execution plans analyzed** (EXPLAIN)
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- [ ] **Slow query log reviewed**
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### Data Structure
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- [ ] **Appropriate data types** (INT vs BIGINT, VARCHAR length)
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- [ ] **Normalization level appropriate** (balance between normalization and performance)
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- [ ] **Denormalization** where read performance critical
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- [ ] **Partitioning** for large tables
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### Database Configuration
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- [ ] **Connection pooling** configured
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- [ ] **Max connections** tuned
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- [ ] **Query cache** enabled (if applicable)
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- [ ] **Shared buffers** optimized
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- [ ] **Work memory** tuned
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### PostgreSQL Specific
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- [ ] **VACUUM** running regularly
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- [ ] **ANALYZE** statistics up to date
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- [ ] **Appropriate indexes** (B-tree, GiST, GIN)
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- [ ] **RLS policies** not causing performance issues
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## Algorithms & Data Structures
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### Complexity Analysis
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- [ ] **Time complexity acceptable** (avoid O(n²) for large n)
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- [ ] **Space complexity acceptable** (no exponential memory usage)
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- [ ] **Appropriate data structures** (Map vs Array, Set vs Array)
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- [ ] **No unnecessary iterations**
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### Common Optimizations
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- [ ] **Hash maps** for O(1) lookups instead of arrays
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- [ ] **Early termination** in loops when result found
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- [ ] **Binary search** instead of linear search
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- [ ] **Memoization** for recursive functions
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- [ ] **Dynamic programming** for overlapping subproblems
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## Memory Optimization
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### Memory Leaks
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- [ ] **No memory leaks** (event listeners removed)
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- [ ] **Timers cleared** (setInterval, setTimeout)
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- [ ] **Weak references** used where appropriate (WeakMap)
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- [ ] **Large objects released** when done
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- [ ] **Memory profiling done** (heap snapshots)
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### Memory Usage
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- [ ] **Streams used** for large files
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- [ ] **Pagination** for large datasets
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- [ ] **Object pooling** for frequently created objects
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- [ ] **Lazy loading** for large data structures
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## Network Performance
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### API Design
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- [ ] **GraphQL/REST batching** for multiple queries
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- [ ] **Compression enabled** (gzip, brotli)
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- [ ] **HTTP/2** or HTTP/3 used
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- [ ] **Payload size minimized** (no over-fetching)
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- [ ] **WebSockets** for real-time updates (not polling)
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### Third-Party Services
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- [ ] **Timeout configured** for external APIs
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- [ ] **Retry logic** for transient failures
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- [ ] **Circuit breaker** for failing services
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- [ ] **Fallback data** when service unavailable
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## Monitoring & Metrics
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### Application Monitoring
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- [ ] **APM installed** (New Relic, DataDog, Sentry Performance)
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- [ ] **Response time tracked** per endpoint
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- [ ] **Error rates monitored**
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- [ ] **Custom metrics** for business logic
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- [ ] **Alerts configured** for degradation
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### User Monitoring
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- [ ] **Real User Monitoring** (RUM) enabled
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- [ ] **Core Web Vitals tracked**
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- [ ] **Lighthouse CI** in pipeline
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- [ ] **Performance budget enforced**
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## Testing Performance
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### Load Testing
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- [ ] **Load tests written** (k6, Artillery, Locust)
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- [ ] **Baseline established** (requests/second)
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- [ ] **Tested under load** (50%, 100%, 150% capacity)
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- [ ] **Stress tested** (find breaking point)
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- [ ] **Results documented**
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### Continuous Performance Testing
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- [ ] **Performance tests in CI**
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- [ ] **Regression detection** (alert if slower)
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- [ ] **Budget enforcement** (fail build if budget exceeded)
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## Scoring
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- **90+ items checked**: Excellent - Well optimized ✅
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- **75-89 items**: Good - Most optimizations in place ⚠️
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- **60-74 items**: Fair - Significant optimization needed 🔴
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- **<60 items**: Poor - Performance issues likely ❌
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## Priority Optimizations
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Start with these high-impact items:
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1. **Database N+1 queries** - Biggest performance killer
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2. **Missing indexes** - Immediate improvement
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3. **Bundle size** - Major impact on load time
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4. **API caching** - Reduce server load
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5. **Image optimization** - Faster page loads
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## Performance Budgets
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### Frontend
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- Total bundle size: < 200KB gzipped
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- FCP (First Contentful Paint): < 1.8s
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- LCP (Largest Contentful Paint): < 2.5s
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- TTI (Time to Interactive): < 3.8s
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- CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift): < 0.1
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### Backend
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- Simple API endpoints: < 100ms
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- Complex API endpoints: < 500ms
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- Database queries: < 50ms (simple), < 200ms (complex)
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### Database
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- Query execution time: < 50ms for 95th percentile
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- Connection pool utilization: < 80%
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- Slow queries: 0 queries > 1s
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## Tools Reference
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**Frontend:**
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- Chrome DevTools Performance panel
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- Lighthouse
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- WebPageTest
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- Webpack Bundle Analyzer
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**Backend:**
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- Node.js Inspector
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- clinic.js (Doctor, Flame, Bubbleprof)
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- Python cProfile
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- FastAPI profiling middleware
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**Database:**
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- EXPLAIN/EXPLAIN ANALYZE
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- pg_stat_statements (PostgreSQL)
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- Slow query log
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**Load Testing:**
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- k6
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- Artillery
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- Apache JMeter
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- Locust (Python)
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## Related Resources
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- [Algorithm Optimization Examples](../examples/algorithm-optimization.md)
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- [Database Optimization Guide](../examples/database-optimization.md)
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- [Frontend Optimization](../examples/frontend-optimization.md)
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- [Memory Profiling](../../memory-profiling/SKILL.md)
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---
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**Total Items**: 120+ performance checks
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**Critical Items**: N+1 queries, Indexes, Bundle size, Caching
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**Last Updated**: 2025-11-09
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