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Zhongwei Li
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{
"name": "git-chain",
"description": "Manage and rebase chains of dependent Git branches (stacked branches). Use when working with multiple dependent PRs, feature branches that build on each other, or maintaining clean branch hierarchies. Automates rebasing or merging entire branch chains.",
"version": "1.0.0",
"author": {
"name": "Alberto Leal"
},
"skills": [
"./"
]
}

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# git-chain
Manage and rebase chains of dependent Git branches (stacked branches). Use when working with multiple dependent PRs, feature branches that build on each other, or maintaining clean branch hierarchies. Automates rebasing or merging entire branch chains.

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---
name: git-chain
description: Manage and rebase chains of dependent Git branches (stacked branches). Use when working with multiple dependent PRs, feature branches that build on each other, or maintaining clean branch hierarchies. Automates the tedious process of rebasing or merging entire branch chains.
---
# Git Chain
## Overview
`git chain` manages chains of dependent Git branches where each branch builds upon the previous one (stacked branches). Instead of manually rebasing each branch in sequence, git-chain tracks relationships and updates all branches with a single command.
```
I---J---K feature-2
/
E---F---G feature-1
/
A---B---C---D master
```
When `master` is updated, git-chain rebases `feature-1` onto `master`, then `feature-2` onto `feature-1` automatically.
## When to Use This Skill
Use git-chain when:
- **Stacked PRs**: Working with multiple dependent pull requests that build on each other
- **Feature chains**: Developing a large feature split into incremental branches
- **Review feedback**: Updating base branches requires propagating changes to dependent branches
- **Clean history**: Maintaining linear commit history across dependent branches
- **Avoiding tedious rebasing**: Don't want to manually rebase 3+ branches in sequence
## Prerequisites
**CRITICAL**: Before proceeding, verify that git-chain is installed:
```bash
git chain --version
```
**If git-chain is not installed:**
- **DO NOT** attempt to install it automatically
- **STOP** and inform the user that git-chain is required
- **RECOMMEND** manual installation:
```bash
# From source (requires Rust)
git clone git@github.com:dashed/git-chain.git
cd git-chain
make install
# Or with Cargo
cargo install --path .
```
**If git-chain is not available, exit gracefully and do not proceed with the workflow below.**
## Key Concepts
- **Chain**: A named sequence of branches with dependency order
- **Root Branch**: Foundation branch (typically `main` or `master`) - NOT part of the chain
- **Branch Order**: The sequence in which branches depend on each other
**Important**: A branch can belong to at most one chain.
## Basic Workflow
### Step 1: Set Up a Chain
Create a chain with your stacked branches:
```bash
git chain setup my-feature master feature-1 feature-2 feature-3
```
This creates chain "my-feature" with `master` as root and branches in order: `feature-1` -> `feature-2` -> `feature-3`.
### Step 2: View the Chain
```bash
git chain # Show current chain (if on a chain branch)
git chain list # List all chains in the repository
```
### Step 3: Update the Chain
When the root branch or any branch in the chain has new commits:
**Option A: Rebase (rewrites history, clean linear commits)**
```bash
git chain rebase
```
**Option B: Merge (preserves history, creates merge commits)**
```bash
git chain merge
```
## Common Patterns
### Pattern 1: Stacked PR Workflow
**Scenario**: Working on a feature split into 3 PRs: auth, profiles, settings
```bash
# Create branches
git checkout -b auth main
# ... make auth changes, commit ...
git checkout -b profiles auth
# ... make profile changes, commit ...
git checkout -b settings profiles
# ... make settings changes, commit ...
# Set up the chain
git chain setup user-feature main auth profiles settings
# After main receives new commits, update all branches
git chain rebase
git chain push --force # Update all PRs
```
### Pattern 2: Review Feedback on Base Branch
**Scenario**: Reviewer requested changes on `auth` branch (first PR)
```bash
git checkout auth
# ... make changes, commit ...
# Update dependent branches automatically
git chain rebase
```
### Pattern 3: Adding a New Branch to Existing Chain
**Scenario**: Need to add `notifications` branch between `profiles` and `settings`
```bash
git checkout -b notifications profiles
# ... make changes, commit ...
# Add to chain with specific position
git chain init user-feature main --after=profiles
```
## Core Commands Reference
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `git chain setup <name> <root> <b1> <b2>...` | Create chain with branches |
| `git chain init <name> <root>` | Add current branch to chain |
| `git chain` | Display current chain |
| `git chain list` | List all chains |
| `git chain rebase` | Rebase all branches (rewrites history) |
| `git chain merge` | Merge all branches (preserves history) |
| `git chain push` | Push all branches to remotes |
| `git chain push --force` | Force push all branches |
| `git chain first/last/next/prev` | Navigate between chain branches |
| `git chain backup` | Create backup branches |
| `git chain prune` | Remove branches merged to root |
| `git chain remove` | Remove current branch from chain |
| `git chain remove --chain` | Delete entire chain |
## Rebase vs Merge
**Use Rebase When:**
- Branches are private/not shared
- You prefer clean, linear history
- PRs haven't been reviewed yet
**Use Merge When:**
- Branches have open PRs with review comments
- You need to preserve commit history
- Collaborating with others on the same branches
## Advanced Usage
For comprehensive coverage of all flags and advanced patterns, see:
- [references/rebase-options.md](references/rebase-options.md) - All rebase flags and conflict handling
- [references/merge-options.md](references/merge-options.md) - All merge flags and strategies
- [references/chain-management.md](references/chain-management.md) - Moving, reorganizing, and removing chains
**Key flags:**
- `--step, -s`: Process one branch at a time (rebase)
- `--ignore-root, -i`: Skip updating first branch from root
- `--verbose, -v`: Detailed output (merge)
- `--chain=<name>`: Operate on specific chain
- `--no-ff`: Force merge commits even for fast-forwards
- `--squashed-merge=<mode>`: Handle squash-merged branches (reset/skip/merge)
## Recovery
If something goes wrong during rebase:
```bash
# Abort in-progress rebase
git rebase --abort
# Restore from backup (if created with git chain backup)
git checkout branch-name
git reset --hard branch-name-backup
# Or use reflog
git reflog
git reset --hard branch-name@{1}
```
## Handling Conflicts
When conflicts occur during `git chain rebase`:
1. Git-chain pauses at the conflicted commit
2. Resolve conflicts manually in the marked files
3. `git add <resolved-files>`
4. `git rebase --continue`
5. `git chain rebase` (continues with remaining branches)
## Troubleshooting
**"Branch not part of any chain"**
- Run `git chain list` to see available chains
- Use `git chain init` to add the current branch to a chain
**"Cannot find fork-point"**
- Reflog may have been cleaned up
- Use `--no-fork-point` flag to fall back to merge-base
**Rebase conflicts on every update**
- Consider using `git chain merge` instead to preserve history
- Or use `--step` flag to handle each branch individually
**Squash-merged branch causing issues**
- git-chain detects squash merges; use `--squashed-merge=skip` to skip them
- Or use `--squashed-merge=reset` (default) to reset branch to parent

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# Git Chain Management
Comprehensive reference for creating, modifying, and navigating branch chains.
## Creating Chains
### git chain setup
Create a new chain with multiple branches at once.
```bash
git chain setup <chain_name> <root_branch> <branch_1> <branch_2> ... <branch_N>
```
**Example:**
```bash
git chain setup user-feature main auth profiles settings
```
Creates chain "user-feature" with:
- Root: `main` (not part of the chain)
- Order: `auth` -> `profiles` -> `settings`
### git chain init
Add the current branch to a chain.
```bash
# Add to end of chain (default)
git chain init <chain_name> <root_branch>
# Add at specific position
git chain init <chain_name> <root_branch> --before=<other_branch>
git chain init <chain_name> <root_branch> --after=<other_branch>
git chain init <chain_name> <root_branch> --first
```
**Examples:**
```bash
# Add current branch at end
git checkout notifications
git chain init user-feature main
# Add before settings
git chain init user-feature main --before=settings
# Add after profiles
git chain init user-feature main --after=profiles
# Add as first branch in chain
git chain init user-feature main --first
```
## Viewing Chains
### git chain
Display the current chain (if current branch is part of one).
```bash
git chain
```
Shows:
- Chain name
- Root branch
- All branches in order
- Current branch indicator
### git chain list
List all chains in the repository.
```bash
git chain list
```
## Modifying Chains
### git chain move
Move a branch within its chain or to a different chain.
```bash
# Move to different position in same chain
git chain move --before=<other_branch>
git chain move --after=<other_branch>
# Move to different chain
git chain move --chain=<other_chain_name>
```
**Examples:**
```bash
# Move current branch before settings
git chain move --before=settings
# Move current branch after auth
git chain move --after=auth
# Move to a different chain
git chain move --chain=api-feature
```
### git chain rename
Rename the current chain.
```bash
git chain rename <new_chain_name>
```
**Example:**
```bash
git chain rename user-management
```
## Removing from Chains
### git chain remove
Remove the current branch from its chain.
```bash
git chain remove
```
**Note:** This only removes the branch from the chain metadata. The branch itself still exists.
### git chain remove --chain
Remove the entire chain.
```bash
# Remove the current chain
git chain remove --chain
# Remove a specific chain
git chain remove --chain=<chain_name>
```
**Note:** This removes the chain metadata only. All branches continue to exist.
## Chain Navigation
Navigate between branches in a chain without remembering branch names.
### git chain first
Switch to the first branch in the chain.
```bash
git chain first
```
### git chain last
Switch to the last branch in the chain.
```bash
git chain last
```
### git chain next
Switch to the next branch in the chain.
```bash
git chain next
```
### git chain prev
Switch to the previous branch in the chain.
```bash
git chain prev
```
**Navigation Example:**
```bash
# Chain: auth -> profiles -> settings
# Currently on: profiles
git chain next # Switches to settings
git chain prev # Switches back to profiles
git chain first # Switches to auth
git chain last # Switches to settings
```
## Utility Commands
### git chain backup
Create backup branches for all branches in the chain.
```bash
git chain backup
```
Creates branches named `<branch-name>-backup` for each branch.
**Use before:**
- Complex rebases
- Experimental changes
- When you want a safety net
### git chain push
Push all branches in the chain to their remotes.
```bash
# Normal push
git chain push
# Force push (uses --force-with-lease for safety)
git chain push --force
```
**Useful for:**
- Updating all PRs at once
- After rebasing the chain
### git chain prune
Remove branches that have been merged to the root branch.
```bash
git chain prune
```
Detects and removes branches whose changes are already in the root branch.
## Chain Storage
Git chain stores relationships in your repository's Git config:
- Which chain a branch belongs to
- The order of branches within a chain
- Each branch's root branch
You can view this with:
```bash
git config --get-regexp chain
```
## Example Workflows
### Creating a Feature Chain from Scratch
```bash
# Create base branch
git checkout -b auth main
# ... develop auth feature ...
git commit -m "Add authentication"
# Create dependent branch
git checkout -b profiles auth
# ... develop profiles feature ...
git commit -m "Add user profiles"
# Create another dependent branch
git checkout -b settings profiles
# ... develop settings feature ...
git commit -m "Add settings page"
# Set up the chain
git chain setup user-features main auth profiles settings
```
### Inserting a Branch Mid-Chain
```bash
# Need to add notifications between profiles and settings
git checkout -b notifications profiles
# ... develop notifications ...
git commit -m "Add notifications"
# Add to chain in correct position
git chain init user-features main --after=profiles
```
### Reorganizing a Chain
```bash
# Move notifications to be first
git checkout notifications
git chain move --before=auth
# Or move to after settings
git chain move --after=settings
```
### Cleaning Up After Merges
```bash
# After auth PR is merged to main
git chain prune # Removes auth from chain
# Chain is now: profiles -> settings (with main as root)
```
### Splitting a Chain
```bash
# Remove middle branch to create two chains
git checkout profiles
git chain remove
# Now auth is alone in user-features chain
# Create new chain for profiles and settings
git checkout profiles
git chain init profile-features main
git checkout settings
git chain init profile-features main --after=profiles
```

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# Git Chain Merge Options
Comprehensive reference for `git chain merge` command options, strategies, and reporting.
## How Merge Works
Git chain merge updates each branch by merging the parent branch into it:
1. Checks out each branch in chain order
2. Merges the parent branch into it
3. Creates merge commits (unless fast-forward is possible)
Unlike rebase, merge preserves the original commit history.
## Basic Options
### --verbose, -v
Provides detailed output during the merging process.
```bash
git chain merge --verbose
```
Shows exactly what's happening with each branch, including Git's merge output.
### --ignore-root, -i
Skips merging the root branch into the first chain branch.
```bash
git chain merge --ignore-root
```
**Use when:**
- Only want to propagate changes between chain branches
- Root branch has changes you don't want incorporated yet
### --stay
Don't return to the original branch after merging.
```bash
git chain merge --stay
```
By default, git-chain returns you to your starting branch. Use this flag to remain on the last merged branch.
### --chain=<name>
Operate on a specific chain other than the current one.
```bash
git chain merge --chain=feature-x
```
Allows merging a chain even when not on a branch that belongs to it.
## Merge Behavior Controls
### --simple, -s
Use simple merge mode without advanced detection.
```bash
git chain merge --simple
```
Disables fork-point detection and squashed merge handling for a faster, simpler merge process.
### --fork-point, -f
Use Git's fork-point detection (default behavior).
```bash
git chain merge --fork-point
```
Explicitly enables fork-point detection for finding better merge bases.
### --no-fork-point
Disable fork-point detection, use regular merge-base.
```bash
git chain merge --no-fork-point
```
Can be faster but potentially less accurate. Useful for repositories with limited reflog history.
### --squashed-merge=<mode>
How to handle branches that appear squash-merged.
```bash
# Reset branch to match parent (default)
git chain merge --squashed-merge=reset
# Skip branches that appear squashed
git chain merge --squashed-merge=skip
# Force merge despite detection
git chain merge --squashed-merge=merge
```
## Git Merge Options
### Fast-Forward Behavior
```bash
# Allow fast-forward if possible (default)
git chain merge --ff
# Always create a merge commit
git chain merge --no-ff
# Only allow fast-forward merges (fail if real merge needed)
git chain merge --ff-only
```
### --squash
Create a single commit instead of a merge commit.
```bash
git chain merge --squash
```
Combines all changes from the source branch into a single commit.
### --strategy=<strategy>
Use a specific Git merge strategy.
```bash
git chain merge --strategy=recursive
git chain merge --strategy=ours
git chain merge --strategy=resolve
```
Available strategies:
- `recursive` (default) - 3-way merge
- `resolve` - 3-way merge with fewer renames
- `ours` - Keep our version for all conflicts
- `octopus` - For merging more than two heads
### --strategy-option=<option>
Pass strategy-specific options.
```bash
# Ignore whitespace changes
git chain merge --strategy=recursive --strategy-option=ignore-space-change
# Use patience diff algorithm
git chain merge --strategy=recursive --strategy-option=patience
# Prefer ours in conflicts
git chain merge --strategy=recursive --strategy-option=ours
```
## Reporting Options
### --report-level=<level>
Adjust the level of detail in the merge report.
```bash
# Basic success/failure messages
git chain merge --report-level=minimal
# Summary with counts (default)
git chain merge --report-level=standard
# Comprehensive per-branch details
git chain merge --report-level=detailed
```
### --no-report
Suppress the merge summary report entirely.
```bash
git chain merge --no-report
```
### --detailed-report
Same as `--report-level=detailed`.
```bash
git chain merge --detailed-report
```
## Conflict Handling
### When Conflicts Occur
1. Git chain stops at the conflicted branch
2. Repository is left in conflicted state
3. Shows which branches conflicted and which files
### Resolution Process
```bash
# 1. See conflicted files
git status
# 2. Resolve conflicts (edit files, remove markers)
vim <conflicted-file>
# 3. Stage resolved files
git add <resolved-files>
# 4. Complete the merge
git commit
# 5. Continue with remaining branches
git chain merge
```
### Example Conflict Output
```
Processing branch: feature/auth
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
src/config.js | 10 ++++++++++
1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
Processing branch: feature/profiles
Merge conflict between feature/auth and feature/profiles:
Auto-merging src/models/user.js
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in src/models/user.js
Merge Summary for Chain: feature
Successful merges: 1
Merge conflicts: 1
- feature/auth into feature/profiles
```
## Example Workflows
### Update Open PRs Without Breaking Comments
```bash
# Merge preserves commits, keeping PR review comments
git chain merge
git chain push
```
### Update Specific Chain While on Unrelated Branch
```bash
git chain merge --chain=feature-login --verbose
```
### Clean History With No Extra Merge Commits
```bash
git chain merge --ff-only
```
Only updates branches that can be fast-forwarded.
### Handle Squashed Branches
```bash
# Skip branches that appear squash-merged
git chain merge --squashed-merge=skip
```
### Maximum Information for Complex Merges
```bash
git chain merge --verbose --detailed-report
```
## When to Use Merge vs Rebase
### Use Merge When:
- Branches have open pull requests with review comments
- You want to preserve complete development history
- Need to maintain context of commits for reviewers
- Collaborating with others on the same branches
- Branches have already been pushed/shared
### Use Rebase When:
- Working on private branches that haven't been shared
- You prefer a linear, cleaner history
- PRs haven't been reviewed yet
- Want each branch's changes to appear fresh

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# Git Chain Rebase Options
Comprehensive reference for `git chain rebase` command options and conflict handling.
## How Rebase Works
Git chain rebase updates each branch in sequence by:
1. Finding the fork-point (where branch diverged from parent)
2. Rebasing branch commits onto the updated parent
3. Moving to the next branch in the chain
The underlying command is:
```bash
git rebase --keep-empty --onto <parent_branch> <fork_point> <branch>
```
## Command Options
### --step, -s
Rebase one branch at a time, requiring manual confirmation between steps.
```bash
git chain rebase --step
```
**Use when:**
- Anticipating conflicts and want to handle each branch separately
- Need to review changes before proceeding to next branch
- Debugging issues in the rebase process
### --ignore-root, -i
Skip rebasing the first branch onto the root branch.
```bash
git chain rebase --ignore-root
```
**Use when:**
- Only want to update relationships between chain branches
- Root branch has changes you don't want to incorporate yet
- Testing chain structure without full update
### Combined Options
```bash
# Step through without updating from root
git chain rebase --step --ignore-root
```
## Fork-Point Detection
Git chain uses sophisticated fork-point detection:
1. **First**: Checks if branch can be fast-forwarded
2. **Then**: Uses Git's reflog to find original branching point
3. **Fallback**: Uses regular merge-base if fork-point fails
### When Fork-Point Detection Fails
Fork-point may fail when:
- Reflog entries have been cleaned by `git gc`
- Branch was created from an older commit (not tip) of parent
- Repository history was affected by certain operations
In these cases, git-chain falls back to `git merge-base` which finds the most recent common ancestor.
## Squash Merge Detection
Git chain detects when a branch has been squash-merged into its parent:
- Compares the diff between branch and parent
- If empty diff, assumes branch was squash-merged
- Prevents duplicate changes from being rebased
## Conflict Handling
### When Conflicts Occur
1. **Detection**: Git chain stops at the conflicted commit
2. **State**: Repository is left in conflicted state for resolution
3. **Information**: Shows which branch is being rebased and conflict location
4. **Backups**: May create automatic backup branches
### Resolution Steps
```bash
# 1. See which files are conflicted
git status
# 2. Edit conflicted files (look for markers)
# <<<<<<<, =======, >>>>>>>
# 3. Mark as resolved
git add <resolved-files>
# 4. Continue the rebase
git rebase --continue
# 5. Continue with remaining chain branches
git chain rebase
```
### Aborting a Rebase
If conflicts are too complex or you need to reconsider:
```bash
# Abort current rebase
git rebase --abort
# If backup branches exist, restore
git checkout branch-name
git reset --hard branch-name-backup
```
## Example Workflows
### Standard Chain Update
```bash
# Update all branches from root through chain
git chain rebase
```
### Careful Rebase with Review
```bash
# Process one branch at a time
git chain rebase --step
# After each branch:
# - Review the rebased commits
# - Run tests
# - Press Enter to continue or Ctrl+C to stop
```
### Internal Chain Update Only
```bash
# Update branch relationships without incorporating root changes
git chain rebase --ignore-root
```
### Conflict Workflow Example
```bash
$ git chain rebase
Rebasing branch feature/auth onto master...
Auto-merging src/auth.js
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in src/auth.js
error: could not apply 1a2b3c4... Add authentication feature
# Resolve the conflict
$ vim src/auth.js
$ git add src/auth.js
$ git rebase --continue
Successfully rebased branch feature/auth
# Git chain continues automatically
Rebasing branch feature/profiles onto feature/auth...
Successfully rebased branch feature/profiles
```
## Recovery Options
### From Backup Branches
If you used `git chain backup` before rebasing:
```bash
git checkout branch-name
git reset --hard branch-name-backup
# Clean up backup after restoring
git branch -D branch-name-backup
```
### From Reflog
Even without backups, Git's reflog tracks all branch movements:
```bash
# See branch history
git reflog show branch-name
# Reset to previous state
git checkout branch-name
git reset --hard branch-name@{1} # Previous state
git reset --hard branch-name@{2} # Two states ago
```
### Abort In-Progress Rebase
```bash
git rebase --abort
```
## Best Practices
1. **Create backups first**: `git chain backup` before complex rebases
2. **Use --step for complex chains**: Easier to handle conflicts one branch at a time
3. **Run tests after rebase**: Ensure nothing broke during the update
4. **Don't rebase shared branches**: Only rebase private/local branches
5. **Pull before rebase**: Ensure root branch is up to date