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gh-atournayre-claude-market…/skills/symfony-skill/references/performance-tuning.md
Zhongwei Li cb040b113c Initial commit
2025-11-29 17:59:04 +08:00

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Symfony Performance Optimization Guide

Profiling & Monitoring

Symfony Profiler Configuration

# config/packages/dev/web_profiler.yaml
web_profiler:
    toolbar: true
    intercept_redirects: false

framework:
    profiler:
        only_exceptions: false
        collect: true
        only_master_requests: true

Blackfire Integration

// Install Blackfire
// composer require blackfire/php-sdk

use Blackfire\Client;

class PerformanceService
{
    private Client $blackfire;
    
    public function profileOperation(string $name, callable $operation)
    {
        $config = new \Blackfire\Profile\Configuration();
        $config->setTitle($name);
        $config->setSamples(10);
        
        $probe = $this->blackfire->createProbe($config);
        
        $result = $operation();
        
        $profile = $this->blackfire->endProbe($probe);
        
        return $result;
    }
}

Database Optimization

Query Optimization

namespace App\Repository;

use Doctrine\ORM\QueryBuilder;
use Doctrine\ORM\Query;

class ProductRepository extends ServiceEntityRepository
{
    /**
     * Optimized query with proper indexing and eager loading
     */
    public function findActiveProductsOptimized(): array
    {
        return $this->createQueryBuilder('p', 'p.id') // Index by ID
            ->select('p', 'c', 'i', 't') // Select all at once
            ->leftJoin('p.category', 'c')
            ->leftJoin('p.images', 'i')
            ->leftJoin('p.tags', 't')
            ->where('p.active = :active')
            ->andWhere('p.stock > :stock')
            ->setParameter('active', true)
            ->setParameter('stock', 0)
            ->orderBy('p.createdAt', 'DESC')
            ->setMaxResults(100) // Limit results
            ->getQuery()
            ->setHint(Query::HINT_FORCE_PARTIAL_LOAD, true) // Force partial loading
            ->useQueryCache(true) // Use query cache
            ->useResultCache(true, 3600) // Cache for 1 hour
            ->getResult();
    }
    
    /**
     * Use raw SQL for complex queries
     */
    public function findProductsWithComplexCalculation(): array
    {
        $sql = "
            SELECT 
                p.id,
                p.name,
                p.price,
                COUNT(DISTINCT o.id) as order_count,
                SUM(oi.quantity) as total_sold,
                AVG(r.rating) as avg_rating
            FROM product p
            LEFT JOIN order_item oi ON oi.product_id = p.id
            LEFT JOIN `order` o ON o.id = oi.order_id
            LEFT JOIN review r ON r.product_id = p.id
            WHERE p.active = 1
            GROUP BY p.id
            HAVING order_count > 10
            ORDER BY total_sold DESC
            LIMIT 50
        ";
        
        $stmt = $this->getEntityManager()->getConnection()->prepare($sql);
        return $stmt->executeQuery()->fetchAllAssociative();
    }
    
    /**
     * Batch processing for large datasets
     */
    public function processLargeDataset(\Closure $processor): void
    {
        $batchSize = 100;
        $offset = 0;
        
        while (true) {
            $products = $this->createQueryBuilder('p')
                ->setFirstResult($offset)
                ->setMaxResults($batchSize)
                ->getQuery()
                ->getResult();
            
            if (empty($products)) {
                break;
            }
            
            foreach ($products as $product) {
                $processor($product);
            }
            
            $this->getEntityManager()->flush();
            $this->getEntityManager()->clear(); // Clear to free memory
            
            $offset += $batchSize;
        }
    }
}

Database Indexes

namespace App\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

#[ORM\Entity]
#[ORM\Table(name: 'product')]
#[ORM\Index(name: 'idx_active_stock', columns: ['active', 'stock'])]
#[ORM\Index(name: 'idx_category_active', columns: ['category_id', 'active'])]
#[ORM\Index(name: 'idx_created_at', columns: ['created_at'])]
#[ORM\UniqueConstraint(name: 'uniq_sku', columns: ['sku'])]
class Product
{
    #[ORM\Column(length: 100)]
    #[ORM\Index] // Single column index
    private ?string $sku = null;
    
    // Other properties...
}

Connection Pooling

# config/packages/doctrine.yaml
doctrine:
    dbal:
        connections:
            default:
                url: '%env(resolve:DATABASE_URL)%'
                # Connection pooling
                options:
                    persistent: true
                    # Maximum lifetime of a connection
                    connect_timeout: 10
                    # Server settings
                    1002: 'SET sql_mode = TRADITIONAL'
                pool:
                    min_connections: 2
                    max_connections: 10
                    max_idle_time: 600
                    
            read_replica:
                url: '%env(resolve:DATABASE_REPLICA_URL)%'
                options:
                    persistent: true

Caching Strategies

Multi-level Caching

namespace App\Service;

use Psr\Cache\CacheItemPoolInterface;
use Symfony\Contracts\Cache\ItemInterface;
use Symfony\Contracts\Cache\TagAwareCacheInterface;

class CacheService
{
    public function __construct(
        private TagAwareCacheInterface $cache,
        private CacheItemPoolInterface $redisCache,
        private CacheItemPoolInterface $apcu
    ) {}
    
    /**
     * Multi-level cache with fallback
     */
    public function getWithFallback(string $key, callable $callback, int $ttl = 3600): mixed
    {
        // Level 1: APCu (fastest, local)
        $apcuItem = $this->apcu->getItem($key);
        if ($apcuItem->isHit()) {
            return $apcuItem->get();
        }
        
        // Level 2: Redis (fast, shared)
        $redisItem = $this->redisCache->getItem($key);
        if ($redisItem->isHit()) {
            $value = $redisItem->get();
            
            // Store in APCu for next time
            $apcuItem->set($value);
            $apcuItem->expiresAfter(300); // 5 minutes in APCu
            $this->apcu->save($apcuItem);
            
            return $value;
        }
        
        // Level 3: Generate and store in both caches
        $value = $callback();
        
        // Store in Redis
        $redisItem->set($value);
        $redisItem->expiresAfter($ttl);
        $this->redisCache->save($redisItem);
        
        // Store in APCu
        $apcuItem->set($value);
        $apcuItem->expiresAfter(300);
        $this->apcu->save($apcuItem);
        
        return $value;
    }
    
    /**
     * Cache with tags for invalidation
     */
    public function getWithTags(string $key, array $tags, callable $callback, int $ttl = 3600): mixed
    {
        return $this->cache->get($key, function (ItemInterface $item) use ($callback, $tags, $ttl) {
            $item->expiresAfter($ttl);
            $item->tag($tags);
            
            return $callback();
        });
    }
    
    /**
     * Invalidate by tags
     */
    public function invalidateTags(array $tags): void
    {
        $this->cache->invalidateTags($tags);
    }
    
    /**
     * Warm cache
     */
    public function warmCache(array $keys, callable $generator): void
    {
        foreach ($keys as $key => $params) {
            $this->cache->get($key, function () use ($generator, $params) {
                return $generator($params);
            });
        }
    }
}

HTTP Caching

namespace App\Controller;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Attribute\Cache;

class ProductController extends AbstractController
{
    #[Route('/products', name: 'product_list')]
    #[Cache(maxage: 3600, public: true, mustRevalidate: true)]
    public function index(): Response
    {
        $response = $this->render('product/index.html.twig');
        
        // Set cache headers
        $response->setPublic();
        $response->setMaxAge(3600);
        $response->setSharedMaxAge(3600);
        $response->headers->addCacheControlDirective('must-revalidate', true);
        
        // ETag for validation
        $response->setEtag(md5($response->getContent()));
        
        return $response;
    }
    
    #[Route('/products/{id}', name: 'product_show')]
    public function show(Product $product, Request $request): Response
    {
        $response = new Response();
        
        // Set ETag
        $etag = md5($product->getUpdatedAt()->format('c'));
        $response->setEtag($etag);
        
        // Set Last-Modified
        $response->setLastModified($product->getUpdatedAt());
        
        // Check if not modified
        $response->setNotModified();
        if ($response->isNotModified($request)) {
            return $response;
        }
        
        // Generate content
        return $this->render('product/show.html.twig', [
            'product' => $product
        ], $response);
    }
}

ESI (Edge Side Includes)

{# templates/base.html.twig #}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
    <header>
        {{ render_esi(controller('App\\Controller\\HeaderController::index')) }}
    </header>
    
    <main>
        {% block body %}{% endblock %}
    </main>
    
    <aside>
        {{ render_esi(controller('App\\Controller\\SidebarController::popularProducts', {
            'max': 5,
            '_cache': 3600
        })) }}
    </aside>
</body>
</html>

Asset Optimization

Webpack Encore Configuration

// webpack.config.js
const Encore = require('@symfony/webpack-encore');

Encore
    .setOutputPath('public/build/')
    .setPublicPath('/build')
    
    // Enable production optimizations
    .enableSingleRuntimeChunk()
    .enableIntegrityHashes(Encore.isProduction())
    .enableBuildNotifications()
    
    // Split vendor code
    .splitEntryChunks()
    
    // Configure optimization
    .configureOptimizationSplitChunks((config) => {
        config.chunks = 'all';
        config.cacheGroups = {
            vendors: {
                test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                priority: 20,
                name: 'vendors',
                enforce: true
            },
            commons: {
                minChunks: 2,
                priority: 10,
                reuseExistingChunk: true
            }
        };
    })
    
    // Enable compression
    .configureCompressionPlugin((options) => {
        options.algorithm = 'gzip';
        options.test = /\.(js|css|html|svg)$/;
        options.threshold = 10240;
        options.minRatio = 0.8;
    })
    
    // Image optimization
    .configureImageRule({
        type: 'asset',
        maxSize: 4 * 1024 // 4 kb
    })
    
    // Enable versioning
    .enableVersioning(Encore.isProduction())
    
    // CDN support
    .setManifestKeyPrefix('build/')
    .configureCdn('https://cdn.example.com')
;

module.exports = Encore.getWebpackConfig();

Lazy Loading Assets

{# Lazy load images #}
<img 
    src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1 1'%3E%3C/svg%3E"
    data-src="{{ asset('images/product.jpg') }}"
    loading="lazy"
    alt="Product"
    class="lazyload"
/>

{# Lazy load scripts #}
<script>
    // Dynamic import for code splitting
    document.getElementById('load-feature').addEventListener('click', async () => {
        const { FeatureModule } = await import('./features/heavy-feature.js');
        FeatureModule.init();
    });
</script>

{# Preload critical assets #}
<link rel="preload" href="{{ asset('build/app.css') }}" as="style">
<link rel="preload" href="{{ asset('build/app.js') }}" as="script">
<link rel="preload" href="{{ asset('fonts/main.woff2') }}" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin>

PHP Optimization

OPcache Configuration

; php.ini or opcache.ini
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=0
opcache.memory_consumption=256
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=16
opcache.max_accelerated_files=20000
opcache.max_wasted_percentage=10
opcache.validate_timestamps=0
opcache.revalidate_freq=0
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_file_override=1
opcache.max_file_size=0
opcache.file_cache=/var/cache/opcache
opcache.file_cache_only=0
opcache.file_cache_consistency_checks=0

; Preload Symfony application
opcache.preload=/var/www/config/preload.php
opcache.preload_user=www-data

Preloading Script

// config/preload.php
if (file_exists(dirname(__DIR__).'/var/cache/prod/App_KernelProdContainer.preload.php')) {
    require dirname(__DIR__).'/var/cache/prod/App_KernelProdContainer.preload.php';
}

// Additional files to preload
$files = [
    __DIR__ . '/../src/Entity/',
    __DIR__ . '/../src/Repository/',
    __DIR__ . '/../src/Service/',
];

foreach ($files as $file) {
    if (is_dir($file)) {
        foreach (glob($file . '*.php') as $filename) {
            opcache_compile_file($filename);
        }
    } elseif (is_file($file)) {
        opcache_compile_file($file);
    }
}

Async Processing

Symfony Messenger Optimization

# config/packages/messenger.yaml
framework:
    messenger:
        transports:
            async_priority_high:
                dsn: '%env(MESSENGER_TRANSPORT_DSN)%'
                options:
                    queue_name: high_priority
                    exchange:
                        name: high_priority
                        type: direct
                retry_strategy:
                    max_retries: 3
                    delay: 1000
                    
            async_priority_normal:
                dsn: '%env(MESSENGER_TRANSPORT_DSN)%'
                options:
                    queue_name: normal_priority
                    
            async_priority_low:
                dsn: '%env(MESSENGER_TRANSPORT_DSN)%'
                options:
                    queue_name: low_priority
                    
        routing:
            'App\Message\EmailMessage': async_priority_high
            'App\Message\ProcessImage': async_priority_normal
            'App\Message\GenerateReport': async_priority_low
            
        buses:
            messenger.bus.default:
                middleware:
                    - doctrine_ping_connection
                    - doctrine_clear_entity_manager

Batch Message Processing

namespace App\MessageHandler;

use App\Message\ProcessOrder;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Attribute\AsMessageHandler;

#[AsMessageHandler]
class ProcessOrderHandler
{
    private array $batch = [];
    private const BATCH_SIZE = 100;
    
    public function __invoke(ProcessOrder $message): void
    {
        $this->batch[] = $message;
        
        if (count($this->batch) >= self::BATCH_SIZE) {
            $this->processBatch();
        }
    }
    
    private function processBatch(): void
    {
        // Process entire batch at once
        $orderIds = array_map(fn($msg) => $msg->getOrderId(), $this->batch);
        
        $orders = $this->orderRepository->findByIds($orderIds);
        
        foreach ($orders as $order) {
            $this->processOrder($order);
        }
        
        $this->entityManager->flush();
        $this->batch = [];
    }
    
    public function __destruct()
    {
        if (!empty($this->batch)) {
            $this->processBatch();
        }
    }
}

Server Optimization

PHP-FPM Configuration

; /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
[www]
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 20
pm.max_requests = 500
pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s

; Performance tuning
request_terminate_timeout = 30
request_slowlog_timeout = 10s
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/slow.log

; Resource limits
rlimit_files = 65536
rlimit_core = unlimited

Nginx Configuration

# /etc/nginx/sites-available/symfony
server {
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/symfony/public;
    
    # Gzip compression
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/xml+rss application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml text/javascript application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf font/opentype;
    
    # Browser caching
    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js|woff|woff2)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
    
    # PHP-FPM
    location ~ ^/index\.php(/|$) {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
        include fastcgi_params;
        
        # Performance
        fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
        
        # Cache
        fastcgi_cache_bypass $http_pragma $http_authorization;
        fastcgi_no_cache $http_pragma $http_authorization;
        
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $realpath_root;
        
        internal;
    }
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri /index.php$is_args$args;
    }
}

Monitoring & Metrics

namespace App\Service;

use Prometheus\CollectorRegistry;
use Prometheus\Storage\Redis;

class MetricsService
{
    private CollectorRegistry $registry;
    
    public function __construct()
    {
        Redis::setDefaultOptions([
            'host' => '127.0.0.1',
            'port' => 6379,
        ]);
        
        $this->registry = new CollectorRegistry(new Redis());
    }
    
    public function recordRequestDuration(string $route, float $duration): void
    {
        $histogram = $this->registry->getOrRegisterHistogram(
            'symfony',
            'request_duration_seconds',
            'Request duration in seconds',
            ['route']
        );
        
        $histogram->observe($duration, [$route]);
    }
    
    public function incrementCounter(string $name, array $labels = []): void
    {
        $counter = $this->registry->getOrRegisterCounter(
            'symfony',
            $name,
            'Counter for ' . $name,
            array_keys($labels)
        );
        
        $counter->inc(array_values($labels));
    }
}

Performance Checklist

  1. Enable OPcache with preloading
  2. Use HTTP caching headers
  3. Implement database query caching
  4. Optimize database indexes
  5. Use CDN for static assets
  6. Enable Gzip compression
  7. Minimize and combine assets
  8. Use async processing for heavy tasks
  9. Implement lazy loading
  10. Monitor and profile regularly
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